This document provides an overview of cardiac failure (heart failure) including: - Causes such as heart attacks, high blood pressure, and heart muscle diseases - Types including left vs right heart failure and systolic vs diastolic dysfunction - Signs and symptoms like shortness of breath, edema, and fatigue - Diagnostic tests including chest X-rays, electrocardiograms, and blood tests - Treatment options such as medications, lifestyle changes, and surgeries - Prognosis which remains poor despite advances, with 50-60% mortality for severe cases within one year.

1. CARDIAC FAILURE 03/17/11

3. NORMAL HEART HEART FAILURE 03/17/11

11. ENDOCARDITIS PERICARDITIS 03/17/11

12. NORMAL HEART HYPERTROPHIED HEART 03/17/11

22. Bilateral pulmonary effusion in right heart failure Pitting edema of the ankle. 03/17/11

24. THE RENIN ANGIOTENSIN ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM ACE ACE INHIBITORS JGA RENIN ADRENAL ALDOSTERONE ANGIOTENSINOGEN ANGIOTENSIN 1 ANGIOTENSIN 2 VASOCONSTRICTS Na RETENTION INCREASED BP 03/17/11

26. DIASTOLIC HEART FAILURE SYSTOLIC HEART FAILURE 03/17/11

27. ACUTE MITRAL REGURGITATION CHRONIC MITRAL REGURGITATION 03/17/11

29. Functional classification of Heart Failure by New York Heart Association 03/17/11 Class % of patients Symptoms I 35% No symptoms or limitations in ordinary physical activity II 35% Mild symptoms and slight limitation during ordinary activity III 25% Marked limitation in activity even during minimal activity. Comfortable only at rest IV 5% Severe limitation. Experiences symptoms even at rest

33. An overall view of Heart Failure 03/17/11

42. Cardiomyopathy Pulmonary Edema 03/17/11

55. 03/17/11