The crisis of governance in Brazil today is materialized in practice with the sharp decrease in the confidence indexes of the Brazilian population in public institutions and in street demonstrations against the poor quality of public services in general. At federal level, government disarticulation with its support base, its disagreement with the social movements and the economic agents and the errors of economic policy which further aggravated the crisis that befalls the Brazilian economy complement this picture of a government, such as of Dilma Rousseff, that cannot operate competently political and administrative action in order to produce satisfactory results for the benefit of the vast majority of the population. When there is the growth of social demands projected on protests coinciding with the collapse of the capacity of governments to develop appropriate responses, governance crises tend to turn into a crisis of governability. This is the case of Brazil due to the inability of the federal government and state and local governments in general to give answers to social demands in the short term.

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CRISIS OF GOVERNABILITY AND GOVERNANCE THREATEN THE
LEGITIMACY OF DILMA ROUSSEFF GOVERNMENT GOT AT THE POLLS
Fernando Alcoforado *
There is distinction between governability, governance and legitimacy of power. In a
presidential or parliamentary Republic, effective Governability is achieved when it
happens: 1) the most constructive possible relationship of the powers of the Republic
(executive, legislative and judicial) each other in the decision-making process; 2) the
most constructive relationship possible between the powers of the Republic and the
state and local of federal units in the decision-making process; and, 3) the most
constructive relationship possible between the powers of the Republic and the civil
society in the decision-making process. Governability expressed, in summary, the
ability of the government of a nation hold public policies resulting from the harmony
between the various bodies of the national state with each other and this with the civil
society organizations.
Governance is related to the financial and administrative capacity of the government of
a nation state and the competence of its managers to practice public policies.
Governance is the responsibility of government managers to practice the decisions taken
or, in other words, the ability of the nation-state exercising its government. Governance
is to transform the government act in public action, articulating the government's actions
at all levels and with civil society. Without Governability conditions is impossible
proper Governance. Brazil is experiencing a crisis of governance in the face of
operational failure of federal, state and local to produce the results demanded by
society. Good Governance can increase the legitimacy that a people carry the
government, thus increasing the Governance of the country. Governance means the
existence of a political, legal and social structure for the development and
implementation of public policies. Governance means the government's ability to
manage well, articulate the diverse interests and effectively implement these policies. In
Brazil there is a striking crisis of governability and governance at the moment.
The relationship between the executive and legislative branches in Brazil has been
characterized by the subordination of the second from the first that imposes its will with
the buying of votes of legislators to approve projects of interest to the federal
government. When buying votes of parliamentarians is not possible, the executive uses
provisional measures that ultimately represent the attempt to impose their will on the
legislature. The relationship between the executive and the states and municipalities are
also problematic because most of the tax revenue is in the hands of the federal
government at the expense of federal units (state and local) that are living starving. In
turn, the relationship between the Brazilian state and the civil society organizations is
not constructive because the federal government co-opted from the Lula government
almost all of their organizations, especially trade unions, to the point of dismiss them as
fighting tools turning -the mere instruments at the service of those in power.
The crisis of governance in Brazil today is materialized in practice with the sharp
decrease in the confidence indexes of the Brazilian population in public institutions and
in street demonstrations against the poor quality of public services in general. At federal
level, government disarticulation with its support base, its disagreement with the social
movements and the economic agents and the errors of economic policy which further
aggravated the crisis that befalls the Brazilian economy complement this picture of a
government, such as of Dilma Rousseff, that cannot operate competently political and

2. 2
administrative action in order to produce satisfactory results for the benefit of the vast
majority of the population. When there is the growth of social demands projected on
protests coinciding with the collapse of the capacity of governments to develop
appropriate responses, governance crises tend to turn into a crisis of governability. This
is the case of Brazil due to the inability of the federal government and state and local
governments in general to give answers to social demands in the short term.
Public pressure for quality public services and reducing the tariffs and the low public
sector investment capability create a difficult situation to provide short-term answers.
On the other hand, President Rousseff cannot send positive signals that point to a
change of direction in the near future for Brazil. Despite having taken the second
mandate recently, Dilma Rousseff seems to be in the end of his government. Instead of
proposing a national developmental plan diametrically opposed to the neoliberal model
that devastated the Brazilian economy with a meager economic growth, the country's
industrialization and the denationalization of the Brazilian economy, Dilma Rousseff
decided to bend to the dictates of national and international financial capital appointing
to the Ministry of Finance a representative of banks and adopting a recessive economic
policy which will result inevitably biggest drop in economic growth and rising
unemployment. The Legitimacy that Rousseff got winning the presidential elections
will be kept in check thanks to the loss of Governability and Governance resulting of
the disastrous government that performs in Brazil. Just as a good Governance can
increase the Legitimacy that a people gives a government, thus increasing the country's
Governance, a bad Governance as Rousseff is helping to reduce and even end the
Legitimacy that most the electorate gave her at the polls.
The Legitimacy of a government is obtained at the polls, but is also the result of
society's trust in the authorities and political institutions which are the necessary
conditions, but not sufficient, for political stability. The Legitimacy depends directly on
effective Governance, that is, the results of government action to meet their different
roles in meeting the demands of society. Governance includes the ability to implement
policies and the effectiveness of achieving the results of the collective interest.
Legitimacy of a ruler is the presence, in a significant portion of the population, a degree
of consensus able to ensure compliance of citizens without government resort to use of
force, except in rare cases. The Legitimacy therefore depends on the government's
effectiveness in achieving the outcomes of the collective interest.
The future trajectory of Brazil is of growing instability for the following reasons: 1) the
Brazilian crisis has structural roots; 2) the crisis is systemic; 3) is not in the interests of
the ruling groups and the dominant sectors carry out structural changes; 4) the popular
movement is dispersed and weakened; 5) there is no awareness among the population
about the causes and responsibilities of the crisis; and 6) there is no concrete proposals
of struggle for economic, political and social. Time works against the government
Dilma Rousseff whose tendency is to worsen the current situation and drop in
acceptance of his government by the Brazilian population. All this set of factors can
contribute to the growing of the movement for impeachment of Dilma Rousseff and she
would not complete his term. Given this perspective, the Brazilian nation have to build
a new democratic alternative power in Brazil with the creation of a new party that is
capable of bringing together the majority of the nation based on a joint program and that
is the antithesis of the parties that occupied the power after the military regime and
demonstrate that they are unable to promote economic and social development for the
benefit of the vast majority of its population, and many of them are complicit with

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systemic corruption that takes account of instances of national power. Without this
power alternative will open the way for political adventurism.
*Fernando Alcoforado , member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor of Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, a university professor and
consultant in strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is
the author of Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova
(Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado.
Universidade de Barcelona, http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e
Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX
e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of
the Economic and Social Development-The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Muller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe
Planetária (P&A Gráfica e Editora, Salvador, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e
combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011)
and Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012),
among others.