Today your customers want to tailor applications to their specific needs, in terms of both business logic and user interface. In short, they want to inject custom code to transform a mainstream system into a platform as a service (PaaS). To support this vision, Amadeus built an extensibility framework relying on the JVM and JSR 223 to turn its business-critical solutions into a PaaS. Attend this session to hear how it dealt with JSR 223 limitations, why it picked Groovy as its favorite language, and the challenges it faced with sandboxing and hot swap on multitenant systems. The presentation also shares what Amadeus expects from invokedynamic and the coming support of JavaScript on the JVM.

1. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA©2012AmadeusITGroupSA
Polyglot alchemy: JSR 223 in action
Fabrice Matrat
Marc Campora

2. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
 Marc Campora
 Sr Manager
 Java Middleware
 mcampora@amadeus.com
 @mcampora

3. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
 Fabrice Matrat
 System Architect
 Technical Evangelist
 fmatrat@amadeus.com
 @fabricematrat

4. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Context & Pb
Statement
Key design
decisions
Looking forward &
Conclusion

5. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Context & Pb
Statement
Key design
decisions
Looking forward &
Conclusion

6. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Amadeus
 Leading provider of IT solutions for the travel
industry
 Connect Providers (ex. airlines) and Resellers (ex. TAs)
 Provide IT solutions (ex. check-in or inventory system)

7. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
System Constraints
3.7M
Bookings/day
1.6B
Transactions/day
100+
IT changes/day
<0.5s
Response time
99.99%
Availability
600k
Terminals

8. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Our products
 Inventory
 Departure
control
 Self Booking
Tools
 Point-of-sale
 e-Commerce
 Mobile
companions

9. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Technical platform
 A clear technical strategy
 RIA even for the mobile
 Community products
 SaaS, multi-tenants
infrastructure
Web-based
Common
hardware
Common code
Java, JEE,
JavaScript

10. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Problem statement
 Community versus specific

11. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
From SaaS to PaaS
Application logic
Middleware & Framework
Application UI

12. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
From SaaS to PaaS
Application logic
Middleware & Framework
Script execution
environment
A
P
I
Application UI
Custom logic
Custom UI
Custom UI

13. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Features and ambition
Dev. Env.
•Distributed version control
•Self service loads and fallbacks
•Access control and traceability
•Life cycle management
UI
•Custom dialogs
•UI extensions
API
•Call reservation systems
•Call any external Web services
•Store and retrieve custom data
•Send emails
•…
Runtime
•Hotswap
•Sandboxing
•Isolation
•Usage monitoring

14. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Context & Pb
Statement
Key design
decisions
Looking forward &
Conclusion

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JSR 223 Sandbox Integration

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Scripting on JVM
Application logic
Middleware & Framework
Script execution
environment
A
P
I
Application UI
Script
Script
Script

17. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Scripting for Amadeus PaaS
PaaS
JVM
Performance
Memory
WS
Templating
Strong
Community
Dev.
Productivity

18. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Language Choice (2010)
Language
•Java 1.6
•Groovy 1.6
•Jython 2.5
•JRuby 1.4
•Rhino 1.7
Methodology
•Popularity
•Documentation
•Depth-first search
•Fibonacci
•Templating
•WebService

19. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Groovy
Java
Rhino
Groovy
JRuby
Jython
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Memory
Time

20. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Embed Groovy
Binding binding = new Binding();
binding.setVariable("foo", new Integer(2));
GroovyShell shell = new GroovyShell(binding);
shell.evaluate("println 'Hello World!'; x = 123; return foo * 10");

21. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Embed Groovy
ClassLoader parent = getClass().getClassLoader();
GroovyClassLoader loader = new GroovyClassLoader(parent);
File script = new File("HelloWorld.groovy")
Class<GroovyObject> groovyClass = loader.parseClass(script);
GroovyObject groovyObject = groovyClass.newInstance();
groovyObject.invokeMethod("run", new Object[0]);

22. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Embed Groovy
String[] roots = new String[] { "/my/groovy/script/path" };
GroovyScriptEngine gse = new GroovyScriptEngine(roots);
Binding binding = new Binding();
binding.setVariable("input", "world");
gse.run("hello.groovy", binding);
System.out.println(binding.getVariable("output"));

23. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Groovy
Plug to Amadeus PaaS
What about JavaScript ?

24. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
JSR 223
Standard to embed scripting in JVM
Independent from language
Part of JDK 6+
One entry point: javax.script

25. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Groovy vs. JSR 223
Binding binding = new Binding();
binding.setVariable("foo", new Integer(2));
GroovyShell shell = new GroovyShell(binding);
shell.evaluate("println 'Hello World!'; x = 123; return foo * 10");
ScriptEngineManager mgr = new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine engine= mgr.getEngineByName("groovy");
Bindigs bindings = engine.createBindings();
bindings.put("foo", new Integer(2));
engine.eval("println 'Hello World!'; x = 123; return foo *
10", bindings);

26. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
JSR 223 in and out
In Out

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In Out

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Multiple script technology
Freemarker
Groovy
ScriptEngineManager mgr =
new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine engine =
mgr.getEngineByName( "groovy");
engine.eval("println 'Hello World!'");
ScriptEngineManager mgr =
new ScriptEngineManager();
ScriptEngine engine =
mgr.getEngineByName( "freemarker");
engine.eval("Hello ${who}!");

29. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Common API
Interface Description
ScriptEngine Main wrapper
ScriptEngineFactory Factory for ScriptEngine
Compilable
ScriptEngine which contains methods
to compile script
Invocable
ScriptEngine whose methods allow
scripts to be executed.
Bindings
A mapping of key/value pairs, all of
whose keys are Strings.
ScriptContext Context
Classes Description
ScriptEngineManager
Discovery and instantiation
mechanism for ScriptEngine
AbstractScriptEngine Super Class
CompiledScript Store results of compilations.
SimpleBindings HashMap bindings
SimpleScriptContext Simple ScriptContext.

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In Out

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Availability
 800 languages on JVM
 Around 60 are maintained
 20 have JSR 223 Implementation
Language Availability
Groovy Yes
Scala Yes
Jython Yes
JRuby Yes
Clojure Yes
Ceylon No
Golo No
… ..

32. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Performance
 Compilation Result
 JSR 223 No Access
 Storage
Script
Compilation
Result
Script
Script
Script

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 Cache
Performance
Byte
Code
Custom
classloader
Cache

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Hot swapping Groovy
 Run 2 versions of the same script
Passport.groovy
got changed
Passport.class
new code
1110000011
new hash
new code
1110000011
new hash
Custom classloader

35. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
JSR 223 Sandbox Integration

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 Script in JVM sharing platform and resources
Sandbox

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 Bad things can happen
 Consume resources (CPU, disk, threads)
 Java and Amadeus API is available
Sandbox
java.lang.System.exit(1)

38. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Access control
Compile Runtime

39. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Compile : How ?
 Check every node in AST @ compile time
org.codehaus.groovy.control.customizers.CompilationCustomizer
org.codehaus.groovy.ast.GroovyCodeVisitor

40. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Compile : Design
 Deny/Allow/Deny
 Blacklist Everything
 Whitelist
 Blacklist
Methods granularity in whitelisted classes
java.lang.System
java.lang.System.exit
java.lang.System.currentTimeMillis

41. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Compile : Implementation
class SecureCodeCustomizer extends CompilationCustomizer {
public SecureCodeCustomizer() {
super(CompilePhase.CANONICALIZATION);
}
public void call(…) {
final ModuleNode ast = source.getAST();
ast.getStatementBlock().visit(new SecureCodeVisitor());
…
}
}
class SecureCodeVisitor implements GroovyCodeVisitor {
public void visitMethodCallExpression(MethodCallExpression call) {
checkMethodAuthorized(call);
…
}
public void visitStaticMethodCallExpression (…) {…}
public void visitClassExpression (…) {…}
…
}

42. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Access control
Compile Runtime

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Runtime
 Java Security
 leverage the JVM's Security Managers
 Wrap Primitive/Method
 Add Wrapping
((Object)"ls").execute()
def obj = ((Object)"ls")
// Throw an exception if necessary
authorizeStatement(obj, "execute")
obj.execute();

44. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Resource Sharing
Stability Isolation

45. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Sandbox code (for stability)
 Timeout enforcement
 Protection against infinite loops and other patterns
 Injected @ compile time via AST transformation
@groovy.transform.TimedInterrupt(
value = 10L,
unit = TimeUnit.SECONDS
)
def config = new CompilerConfiguration()
def customizer = new ASTTransformationCustomizer(
[value:10L, unit:TimeUnit.SECONDS],
TimedInterrupt)
config.addCompilationCustomizers(customizer)

46. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
We are not alone
 Oracle Application Developer Framework
 https://github.com/sjurgemeyer/GR8ConfUS2013/tree/
master/JimDriscoll
 Jenkins
 http://kohsuke.org/2012/04/27/groovy-
secureastcustomizer-is-harmful/
 Call to the community for improvement !

47. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Resource Sharing
Stability Isolation

48. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Remoting
 AST can optimize the Contextual information sent
to the Execution Farm.
Application
farm
Scripting
farm(s)
REST/Json
with application
context

49. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Remoting
 Isolation
 SandBox Failure
 Memory or IO contentions
 No Resources Impact on Main application Farm
 Customers or staging isolation
 On demand provisioning
 Fine grain usage reports
 Billing Model

50. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
JSR 223 Sandbox Integration

51. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Developer experience
Production
Preview

52. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Groovy productivity
 Java
 XML appears as objects
 TripPlan<extends XMLNode> tp = TripPlanFactory.tripplan
tp.AIR.ITINERARIES.each {itinerary ->
Logger.info itinerary.text()
}
 Untyped language
 Actually you have the choice
 def unknown = "we’re @ J1 2013"
 String message = "we’re @ J1 2013"

53. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
A practical case study…

54. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
A practical case study…

55. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
A practical case study…
UI
Hook
Action
Server
Placeholder import amadeus.pnr.tripplan
// get PNR in-memory representation (a.k.a. TripPlan)
def tripplan = TripPlan.getTripPlan()
// defining a list of eligible countries
def COUNTRY_LIST=["US", "PR", "AS", "VI", "MP", "GU"]
// defining a list of eligible carriers
def CARRIER_LIST=["UA","AA"]
// business condition if one goes to or comes from US,
// or if carrier is UA or AA
def eligibleTrip =
!tripplan.AIR.LIST_ITINERARY.LIST_SEGMENT.findAll {
((it.E_LOCATION.COUNTRY_CODE in COUNTRY_LIST) ||
(it.B_LOCATION.COUNTRY_CODE in COUNTRY_LIST)) ||
(it.AIRLINE.CODE in CARRIER_LIST)
}.isEmpty()
// if trip eligible, trigger the UI enrichment
bean.with {
if (eligibleTrip) {
// the id of the product UI placeholder in which to display.
placeholder = "customTSAPlaceholder"
// the script to be called during the next step to
// process the user inputs.
actionId = "CustomTSAProcess"
}
}
{Template}
{macro init()}
<div style="padding-left: 20px;">
{@aria:TextField { label: 'Maiden name', labelWidth: 210,
block: true, bind: to("pspt") } /}
{@aria:TextField { label: 'Redress number', block: true,
labelWidth: 210, bind: to("redn") } /}
{@aria:TextField { label: 'Known traveler id', block: true,
labelWidth: 210, bind: to("knwt") } /}
</div>
{/macro}
{/Template}

56. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
A practical case study…

57. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Context & Pb
Statement
Key design
decisions
Looking forward &
Conclusion

58. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Remaining challenges
 A productive development environment

59. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Remaining challenges
 A productive development environment
 Success leads to Elasticity

60. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Remaining challenges
 A productive development environment
 Success leads to Elasticity
 Add new languages to enlarge the user base

61. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Take home messages
 Groovy is great to customize applications
 The JVM and JSR223 give you access to other
languages
 Sandboxing and isolation are a must
 Unfortunately sandboxing and isolation are
specific to the language

62. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Some more…
Special thanks to the team!
UI produced using AriaTemplates ™ (github.com/ariatemplates)
To know more about Amadeus: http://www.amadeus.com
JavaOne
 Polyglot Enterprise Development on the JVM [CON2382]
Mark Little – VP Red Hat Inc
 The JVM Is Over: The Polyglot Virtual Machine Is Here [CON5344]
Marcus Lagergren - Runtime Futurist, Oracle
 Liftoff with Groovy 2.1 [CON2591]
Guillaume Laforge - Pivotal
 Embedded DSL: Groovy and Scala Fair Duel [TUT4524]
Corinne Krych - RedHat and Pascal Cohen - Amadeus

63. ©2013AmadeusITGroupSA
Q&A