1. 1
Mammals

2. 2
Class Mammalia
•Includes 4000 species
•Most dominant land
animals on earth.
•Two identifying
characteristics:
•Hair/fur
•Mammary glands which
produce milk

3. Characteristics of
Mammals
• Endothermic
• Well-developed
brains
3

4. Characteristics of Mammals
• Heart has 4
chambers
• Diaphragm
(muscle) aids in
breathing
4

5. Characteristics
• Mammals have single lower jaw
• Most species have 4 different types of teeth:
Incisors, canines, cuspids, and bicuspids
• Various types of teeth for different diets
5

6. Characteristics
• Mostly viviparous (live birth)
• Females secrete milk from mammary
glands to feed newborn young.
6

7. Distinguishing Features
Two features distinguish them from other
invertebrates: hair and production of
milk.
7

8. Order Monotremata
• Oviparous or egg laying mammals
• Only 3 in existence
• Duck-billed platypus and two species of spiny anteaters
called echidna.
• Not completely endothermic (their body temperature is
lower and fluctuates more than other mammals)
• Mammae without nipples
• Edentulous as adults
• Limbs modified for
swimming or digging
• Australia and New Guinea
9

9. Duck-Billed Platypus
•Greek platys meaning broad and
pous meaning foot
•Several reptilian characteristics:
same opening for reproduction
and eliminating waste products,
the ability to lay eggs
•The world's only venomous
furred animal
– Spur on hind foot
– Females loose after one year
•Bill contains an electro-receptor
system
10

10. Echidna (Spiny Anteater)
• "Echidna" derives from
the Latin word for "viper”
– Tongue protrudes like a
snake
• Nocturnal
• Terrestrial and burrowing
• Females normally lay
only one egg
11

11. Monotremata
12
Duck-billed platypus
Spiny anteater

12. Infraclass MetatheriaInfraclass Metatheria
(Marsupials)(Marsupials)
• Old classification placed all marsupials in
a single order
• More recent classifications have
recognized the diversity and radiation of
Marsupials
• Marsupials now separated into seven
orders
• Range, North America, Central America,
South America, Australia, New Guinea,
adjacent islands 13

13. 250 species of marsupial species
exist in Australia, New Guinea,
Tasmania, And the Americas• .
15
Tasmanian
Devil

14. Marsupials
• Give birth to tiny immature young
that crawl to a pouch on the
mothers belly immediately after
they are born.
– Marsupium- Fold of skin protecting nipples
16

15. They attach
themselves to
milk secreting
nipples nursing
until they are
mature enough
to survive
outside the
pouch.
17

16. 18

17. American Marsupial
19
Order Didelphimorphia- Opossum

18. • Rat Opossums
20

19. 21

20. Order DasyuromorphiaOrder Dasyuromorphia
• Thylacine • Numbat
22
Dasyure

21. Order Peramelemorphia-Order Peramelemorphia-
BandicootsBandicoots
23

22. Order Notoryctemorphia-Order Notoryctemorphia-
Marsupial MolesMarsupial Moles
24

23. Order DiprotodontiaOrder Diprotodontia
Wombats Kangaroos
25

24. Placental Mammals
26

25. Characteristics of
Placentals• 95% of all mammals
• Carry unborn young in the uterus until young
can survive in the wild.
• Oxygen and nutrients are transferred from
mother’s blood to baby’s blood
27

26. Placental Characteristics
• The placenta is a
membrane providing
nutrients and waste &
gas exchange between
the mother and
developing young
• Gestation period-is the
time which mammals
develop in mother’s
uterus
28

27. Mammals are a diverse group
living on land and in water. Some
mammals can fly!
29
Malaysian Fruit Bat

28. Order Insectivora
• Consists of 400 species
• Includes shrews and moles
30
Mole
Shrew

29. Order Insectivora
• Small animals with high metabolic
rate and found in North America,
Europe, and Asia.
• Most have long pointed noses that
enable them to grub for insects,
worms, and invertebrates.
• Live on ground, trees, in water, and
underground.
31

30. Order Rodentia
• Largest mammalian order having over
2,400 species.
• On every continent except for Antarctica
• Includes squirrels, marmots, chipmunks,
gophers, muskrats, mice, rats, and
porcupines.
32
Chipmunk

31. 33
Porcupine
Marmot
Squirrel

32. Only two incisors in each jaw,
grow as long as rodent lives,
and used for gnawing
34

33. Order Lagomorpha
• Includes rabbits, hares, and small
mountain mammals called pikas.
• Found worldwide
• Warrens- families of rabbits
35
Pika
Hare

34. Rabbits vs. Hares
• Rabbits are smaller
and slower
• Shorter ears and hind
legs with smaller feet
• Solid colored fur
• A young rabbit is a
bunny
• Hares are generally larger
and faster
• Hares have longer ears,
longer hind legs, and
larger feet
• Hares have black
markings on their fur
• A young hare is called a
leveret
36

35. Order Lagomorpha
Double row of incisors, large front
teeth backed with two smaller ones,
adaptation for herbivorous diet.
37

36. Order Edentata/Xenarthra
• Made up of 30 living species including
anteaters, armadillos, and sloths.
• The name edentate means “without
teeth”
• Those with teeth have single root with
teeth and no enamel
38

37. Anteater
39Sloths

38. Edentates have adaptations for
insectivorous diets, including a
long, sticky tongue and clawed
front paws
40
Anteater feeding at a
Termite mound

39. Sloths, on the other hand have
continuously growing teeth as an
adaptation for grinding plants
41

40. Chiroptera
• Made up of over 900 species of bats
• Live throughout the world except in polar
environments
42

41. 41
Bat Skeleton

42. • A bat’s wing is modified front limb which
skin membrane between extremely long
finger bones
• Bats use thumbs for climbing, walking, or
grasping
43

43. Order Chiroptera
• Most bats are active at night and have a
special way to navigate using echolocation
(bouncing off high-frequency sound
waves)
• Frequency of returning sound waves with
the size, distance, and rate of movement
of different objects
44

44. Order Chiroptera
• Bats that use
echolocation have
small eyes and
large ears.
• Feed on insects and
have teeth
specialized for
such diets
45

45. • Some feed on fruit and flower nectar
and do not use echolocation.
• These bats are sometimes called flying
foxes, have large eyes and keen sense
of smell.
46

46. Orders Cetacea and Sirenia
• 90 species of whales, dolphins, and
porpoises are distributed worldwide.
• Cetaceans have fishlike bodies with
forelimbs modified as flippers.
47

47. • Cetaceans divided into two groups which are
toothed whales and baleen whales.
• Toothed whales include beaked whales, sperm
whales, beluga whales, narwhals, killer whales,
dolphins and porpoises.
• Blue whales largest animal in world ~ 100 tons
48

48. • Have over 100 teeth
• Prey on fish, squid, seals and
whales
49

49. • Baleen whales lack teeth
• Baleen-thin plates of finger like
material for filtering food from water
• Shrimp and other small invertebrates
are the prey of the baleen whales.
50

50. The Order Sirenia is made up of four
species of manatees and dugongs.
51

51. • Front limbs are flippers for
swimming
• Sirenians lack hind legs but have
flattened tails.
52

52. Order Carnivora
• 250 living species in carnivoria are
distributed worldwide
• Most of the species mainly eat meat, which
explains the name.
• About 34 species: Canids, felids, bears,
raccoons, minks, sea lions, seals, walruses,
and otters
53

53. Some members of this
order such as bears feed
extensively on plant
material as well as meat,
so they are called
omnivores.
Carnivores generally have
long canine teeth, strong
jaws, clawed toes.
Highly developed sense of
smell and a large
braincase
54

54. Suborder Pinnipedia
• Pinnipedia are water dwelling
carnivores and have streamlined
bodies
• Sea lions (ear flaps), seals (no ear
flaps) and walruses (elongated
canines)
55

55. Orders Artiodactyla and
Perissodactyla
• Ungulates-hoofed mammals
• These two classes are herbivores.
– Mostly grazers/browsers
• Ruminants- four chambered stomach
• The first three chambers are for storage
(rumen), use cellulase (digestive enzyme)
to aid in breakdown of cellulose
– “Chewing the cud”
• Regurgitate, chew again, and undergoes double
digestion.
56

56. Order Artiodactyla
- Ungulates with an even amount of
toes
- Pigs, hippos, camels, antelope, deer,
sheep, giraffes, cattle
57

57. Order Perissodactyla
- Ungulates with an odd number of
toes
- Horses, rhins, zebras, and tapirs
58

58. Order Proboscidea
• Characterized by a boneless nose or
proboscis
• Elephants are the largest land dwellers
alive today, weighing more than 6 tons.
– African (largest land mammal) and Indian/Asian
species
59

59. It has modified incisors, called tusks, for
digging up roots and stripping bark from
branches.
60

60. Order Primates
• 200 living species of primates classified
as prosimians.
• Including lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys,
gibbons, and great apes
61

61. • Omnivorous diets
• Unspecialized teeth
• Grasping digits with free-moving limbs
• Finger and toenails
• A complex brain has enabled anthropoids to develop
behaviors and to live in highly organized social groups.
– Ex: Troop- chimpanzee groups
62

62. Order Primates
63