Chpt.15.2-Evidence of Change

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There are several ways that scientists provide evidence of evolution, including comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, and fossils. Comparative anatomy looks at homologous and analogous structures between species, while comparative embryology examines similarities in development. Fossils provide direct evidence of extinct species and how they changed over time. Scientists use both relative dating of fossils layers and radioactive dating to determine the age of fossils and track changes in species. Adaptations like camouflage and mimicry help organisms survive and reproduce more successfully.

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Chpt. 15.2- Evidence of Change Pgs. 423-429 Pgs. 393-395

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Mimicry Example Monarch Butterfly Viceroy Butterfly Taste Bad to Predators Taste Good to Predators

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Scientific evidences I would give in support of evolution: 1. Paleontological evidence: Fossils are those remains of plants and animals that could not be degraded. Some of them bear resemblances to present day animals and serve as connecting links, eg. Duck billed platypus is connecting link between reptiles and mammals. Some of them represent extinct organisms, eg. dinosaurs. Cross sections of the earth\'s crust from where the fossils have been isolated determines the geological time scale during which the organism existed. 2. Comparative anatomy/physiology: Homologous organs of animals such as forelimb bones of humans, tigers, whales and bats share similar type of arrangement and indicates common ancestry. Such type of evolution is called \"divergent\". Analogous organs are opposite to homologous organs, such as wings of butterfly and birds. Although they perform the same function, they are not anatomically similar. Thus, these are results of \"convergent \"evolution. 3. Similarities in genes and proteins among genetically different organisms also support for the existence of common ancestry. 4. Natural selection/Industrial melanism: The dominance of dark coloured moths in industrial areas compared to the white forms is an example of industrial melanism. This type of selection resulted in the dark coloured moths from becoming a prey of birds compared to the paler ones as the darker forms camouflage in the dark coloured soots. Another example of natural selection is antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The resistant bacteria can be isolated by plating the organisms in a LB agar plate containing the corresponding antibiotic. 5. Adaptive radiation: Darwin\'s finches in Galapagos island is an example of adaptive radiation. It was found that the different species of finches (with different beak structure) arose from an initial seed eating finch, enabling them to become vegetarian and insectivorous finches. Solution Scientific evidences I would give in support of evolution: 1. Paleontological evidence: Fossils are those remains of plants and animals that could not be degraded. Some of them bear resemblances to present day animals and serve as connecting links, eg. Duck billed platypus is connecting link between reptiles and mammals. Some of them represent extinct organisms, eg. dinosaurs. Cross sections of the earth\'s crust from where the fossils have been isolated determines the geological time scale during which the organism existed. 2. Comparative anatomy/physiology: Homologous organs of animals such as forelimb bones of humans, tigers, whales and bats share similar type of arrangement and indicates common ancestry. Such type of evolution is called \"divergent\". Analogous organs are opposite to homologous organs, such as wings of butterfly and birds. Although they perform the same function, they are not anatomically similar. Thus, these are results of \"convergent \"evolution. 3. Similarities in genes and proteins among genetically different o.

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