As part of its programme of enhancing Myanmar companies’ understanding of responsible business practices, MCRB organised a one day workshop in Yangon on “Developing a Human Rights Policy” on 5th September 2016.
Read more: http://www.myanmar-responsiblebusiness.org/news/developing-a-human-rights-policy.html
Which Human Rights are relevant to Business & Legal Framework
1. Human Rights Policy - best practice workshop
Which Human Rights are relevant to Business & Legal
Framework
Hnin Wut Yee, Research and Civil Society Outreach Manager, Myanmar Centre for
Responsible Business
ျမန္မာ့စီးပြားေရးက႑ တာ၀န္ယူမႈရွိေရး Aေထာက္Aကူျပဳဌာန (MCRB)
5 September 2016
www.mcrb.org.mm
Aမွတ္ ၁၅၊ ရွမ္းရိပ္သာလမ္း
(ဆာကူရာ ေဆးရံုAနီး)
စမ္းေခ်ာင္းၿမိဳ႔နယ္၊ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕
ဖုန္း / ဖက္(စ္) ၀၁ ၅၁၀၀၆၉
2. What are Human Rights?
လူ႔Aခြင့္Aေရးဆိုတာ ဘာလည္း?
Human Rights and Business Link?
လူ႔Aခြင့္Aေရးႏွင့္ စီပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းမ်ား၏ ဆက္ႏြယ္မႈ
What is a Business Case?
စီပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းမ်ားAတြက္ Aက်ိ္ဳးရလဒ္
Domestic Legal Framework
ျပည္တြင္း Uပေဒမူေဘာင္
3. Universal rights for all human beings= ”rights
holders” လူသားAားလံုးႏွင့္ သက္ဆိုင္ေသာ
Aခြင့္Aေရးမ်ား
Freedom and Human dignity
လြတ္လပ္မႈ ႏွင့္ လူသားဂုဏ္သိကၡာ
Without discrimination as to race, colour, sex,
language, religion, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or
other status. ခဲြၿခားမႈမရွိ
4. Protected in international Conventions ratified by
States ႏုိင္ငံတကာစာခ်ဳပ္စာတမ္းမ်ားAရ
AကာAကြယ္ေပးထား
State is responsible for protecting the rights of its
people = main ”duty bearer”
ကာကြယ္ရန္ Aစိုးရတာ၀န္
Individuals and others organs of society including
business also have to respect rights of others
ေလးစားရန္ စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းတာ၀န္
5. Economic, social and cultural
rights
စိးပြားေရး၊ လူမႈေရး ႏွင့္ ယU္ေက်းမႈ ဆိုင္ရာ
Aခြင့္Aေရးမ်ား
Right to housing, food, water လံုေလာက္ေသာ Aိမ္ရာေနထိုင္မႈ။
AစားAစာရရွိမႈ။ ေရ ရရိွမႈ
Right to non-discrimination and
equality
ခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံခံရမႈမ်ားမွ လြတ္ေျမာက္ျခင္း ႏွင္႔
ညီမွ်မႈ
Right to rest and leisure Aနားယူ Aပန္းေၿဖ ပိုင္ခြင္႔
Right to a family life မိသားစုဘ၀ ရပိုင္ခြင္႔
Right to education ပညာသင္ၾကား ပိုင္ခြင္႔
Right to freely participate in the
cultural life of the community
ယU္ေက်းမႈ၊ ရိုးရာဓေလ႕ႏွင့္ဆိုင္ေသာ
Aေလ့Aထမ်ားတြင္ပါ၀င္ခြင့္ရွိမႈ
Right to work – just and
favourable conditions at work
သင့္တင့္မွ်တမႈရွိေသာ၊ေဘးကင္းလံုျခံဳေသာ
လုပ္ငန္းခြင္ AေၿခAေန၌ Aလုပ္လုပ္ပိုင္ခြင့္
EXAMPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
6. Core labour standards Aဓိက Aလုပ္သမား Aခြင့္Aေရးမ်ား
Freedom from child labour ကေလးAလုပ္သမား ပေပ်ာက္ေရး
Freedom from discrimination in
employment/occupation
Aလုပ္ခန္႔ထားမႈႏွင့္ လုပ္ငန္းခြင္ဆိုင္ရာ ခြဲျခား
ဆက္ဆံခံရမႈ မ်ားမွ လြတ္ေျမာက္ျခင္း
Freedom of association and
collective bargaining
လြတ္လပ္စြာAသင္းAပင္းဖြဲ႔စည္းခြင့္ႏွင့္ မိမိ
Aခြင့္ေရးကို စုေပါင္းေစ့စပ္ေျပာဆို၍
သေဘာတူညီမႈ ကို ရယူပိုင္ခြင့္
Freedom from forced or
compulsory labour
Aတင္းAဓၶမေစခိုင္းမႈမ်ားမွ လြတ္ေျမာက္ပိုင္ခြင့္
EXAMPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
7. Civil and political rights ႏိုင္ငံသား Aခြင္႔Aေရး
Right to life, liberty and security of
person
c
Right to non-discrimination and
equality
ခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံခံရမႈမ်ားမွ လြတ္ေျမာက္ျခင္း
ႏွင္႔ညီမွ်မႈ
Freedom from torture or cruel,
inhuman or degrading treatment
or punishment
ညွင္းပန္းႏွိပ္စက္ခံရမႈ (သို႔)
ႏွိမ္ခ်ဆက္ဆံခံရမႈ (သို႔)
Aျပစ္ဒဏ္ေပးခံရမႈမ်ား မွ လြတ္ေၿမာက္မႈ
Right to an effective remedy ထိေရာက္ေသာ ကုစားမႈ ရပိုင္ခြင္႔
Freedom from arbitrary arrest,
detention or exile
မတရား ဖမ္းဆီး ခ်ဳပ္ေႏွာင္ခံရမႈ၊ ႏွင္႔
တိုင္းတပါး၌ ခိုလံႈရၿခင္းမွ လြတ္ေၿမာက္မႈ
Right to a fair trial တရားမွ်တေသာ Uပေဒရဲ့ AကူAညီကိုရရွိ
ပိုင္ခြင့္
Right to privacy မိမိ ကိုယ္ပိုင္ဘ၀ ရပိုင္ခြင္႔
Right to own property ပစၥည္း၊ Uစၥာပိုင္ဆိုင္ခြင့္
Right to freedom of thought,
conscience and religion
လြတ္လပ္စြာ ေတြးေခၚႏိုင္ခြင့္၊ ေဖာ္ျပႏိုင္ခြင့္၊
ကိုးကြယ္ႏိုင္ခြင့္
Right to be free from slavery မတရားခိင္းေစခံရမႏင္ ကၽန္ျပဳခံရျခင္းတိမ
EXAMPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS
8. Specific standards
Indigenous Peoples’
Rights
ဌာနီတိုင္းရင္းသား Aခြင္႔Aေရးမ်ား
Children’s rights ကေလး Aခြင္႔Aေရးမ်ား
Women’s Rights Aမ်ိဳးသမီး Aခြင္႔Aေရးမ်ား
Peoples with disabilities မသန္စြမ္း Aခြင္႔Aေရးမ်ား
Migrant workers ေရႊ႔ေၿပာင္း Aလုပ္သမား
Aခြင္႔Aေရးမ်ား
Protection for specific groups
9. Principle 1: Businesses should support and
respect internationally proclaimed human
rights.
Principle2 : Businesses should ensure that
they are not complicit in human rights abuses
GLOBAL COMPACT PRINCIPLES 1 and 2
17. Human Rights and Business Link?
လူ႔Aခြင့္Aေရး ႏွင့္ စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းမ်ား၏ ဆက္ႏြယ္မႈမ်ား
18. A company produces and sells organically grown food at an
accessible price to consumers
(ကုမၸဏီတစ္ခုက သဘာ၀Aတိုင္း စိုက္ပ်ိဳးထားေသာ AသီးAႏွံ၊ AစားAေသာက္
မ်ားကို ေစ်းႏႈန္းမွ်တစြာ ထုတ္လုပ္ေရာင္းခ်သည္။)
= supports right to food, right to health, right to a healthy
environment
(AစားAစာရပုိင္ခြင့္၊ က်န္္းမာေသာဘ၀ရပိုင္ခြင့္၊ က်န္းမာေသာ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္၌
ေနထုိ္င္ခြင့္ )
A company provides internet cheap access( ကုမၸဏီတခုက
ေစ်းသက္သက္သာသာျဖင့္ Aင္တာနက္၀န္ေဆာင္မႈေပး
= enables the right to information, right to participation
(သတင္းAခ်က္Aလက္ရပိုင္ခြင့္၊ ပါ၀င္ေဆာင္ရြက္ပိုင္ခြင့္)
SOME EXAMPLES: POSITIVE CONTRIBUTIONTO HUMAN RIGHTS
19. Company does not hire young women in age of having children
(ကေလးေမြးမည့္Aရြယ္ Aမ်ဳီးသမီးမ်ားကို Aလုပ္မခန္႔)
= Discrimination against women, violation of the right to work (Aမ်ိဳးသမီးမ်ားAား
ခြဲျခားဆက္ဆံျခင္း၊ Aလုပ္Aကိုင္ရပိုင္ခြင့္ကို ခ်ိဳးေဖာက္ျခင္း)
Company terminates contract of trade union representatives for organing or
participating in union activities (ကုမၸဏီက Aလုပ္သမားကိုယ္စားလွယ္မ်ားကို
Aလုပ္သမားAသင္းAဖြဲ႔လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားတြင္ ပါ၀င္မႈ (သို႕) စည္းရံုးမႈAတြက္ Aလုပ္ျဖဳတ္
= violation of the right to freedom of association( လြတ္လပ္စြာ
Aသင္းAပင္းဖြဲ႔စည္းခြင့္ကို ခ်ိဳးေဖာက္)
Company destroys informal settlement close to its factory (ကုမၸဏီက
၄င္း၏စက္္ရံုႏွင့္နီးကပ္သည့္ ပ်ံက်ေနထိုင္ေသာတဲမ်ားကို ဖ်က္ဆီး )
= violation of the right to housing (Aိမ္ေနရာ ေနထုိင္ပိုင္ခြင့္ကို ခ်ိဳးေဖာက္)
Company’s waste water pollutes farmland( ကုမၸဏီမ်ား၏စြန႔္ပစ္ေရမ်ားက
လယ္ယာေျမမ်ားကုိ ဖ်က္ဆီး )
= violation of the right to food ( AစားAေသာက္ရပိုင္ခြင့္ကို ခ်ိဳးေဖာက္)
Company sells unsafe food products to consumers ( ကုမၸဏီက
က်န္းမာေရးAတြက္စားသံုးရန္ မသင့္ေသာ AစားAေသာက္မ်ားကို ေရာင္းခ်)
= violation of the right to health( က်န္းမာေသာဘ၀ရပိုင္ခြင့္ကို ခ်ိဴးေဖာက္)
SOME NEGATIVE EXAMPLES: DIRECT INVOLVEMENT
20. Mining company contracts private security guards who sexually harass
women of the community (သတၱဳကုမၸဏီက ငွားရမ္းေသာ လံုျခံဳေရး၀န္ထမ္းက
ရပ္ရြာလူထုမွ Aမ်ိဴးသမီးကို မတရားက်င့္ၾကံ)
= linked to violation of right to personal security, women´s rights
လံုျခံုေသာဘ၀ ရပိုင္ခြင့္ Aမ်ိဳးသမီး Aခြင့္Aေရး
Internet company provides government with private messages political
opponents send on email which leads to their arrest (Aင္တာနက္ကုမၸၸဏီက
ႏုိင္ငံေရးAျမင္မတူေသာဆန္က်င္တက္ျကြသူမ်ား၏ ကိုယ္ေရး Aခ်က္Aလက္ကို
AစိုးရAား ေပး)
= complicit in violation of freedom of thoughts, expression, arbitrary arrest
လြပ္လပ္စြာ ေတြးေခၚခြင့္၊ ထုတ္ေဖာ္ေျပာဆိုခြင့္ ၊ မတရားဖမ္းဆီးခံရျခင္းမွ Aကာကြယ္ရပိုင္ခြင့္
SOME NEGATIVE EXAMPLES OF INDIRECT INVOLVEMENT
21. Garment company buys fabric from a supplier who uses child
labour(Aထည္ခ်ဳပ္ကုမၸဏီက ကေလးAလုပ္သမားAသံုးျပဳသည့္ ပစၥည္းေပးသူူထဲမွ
Aထည္စမ်ား၀ယ္)
= linked to violations of children rights
ကေလး Aခြင့္Aေရးႏွင့္ ဆက္ႏြယ္
Manufacturing company hires another company to transport its goods
and imposes very short time to deliver its products : drivers have
excessive hours, too little rest, and cause accidents (ပစၥည္းထုတ္လုပ္သည့္
ကုမၸဏီတခုက ယင္း၏ကုန္ပစၥည္းမ်ားကို Aခ်ိန္တို Aတြင္းပို႔ေပးရန္ ပို႔ေဆာင္ေရးု
ကုမၸဏီတစ္ခုကို ငွားရမ္း)
= contribution to violation of decent work and right to security/life
ေကာင္းမြန္ေသာ Aလုပ္ခြင္ ႏွင့္ လံုျခံဳေသာဘ၀ ရပိုင္ခြင့္
SOME NEGATIVE EXAMPLES OF INDIRECT INVOLVEMENT
22. What is a Business Case?
စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းမ်ားAတြက္ Aက်ိဳးရလဒ္
23. Responsible business can be a ”win-win situation”
Example: Health and Safety
Actions
(လုပ္ေဆာင္မႈ)
Costs
(ကုန္က်စရိတ္)
Result (ရလဒ္) Benefits for
business
(စီးပြားေရးAတြက္
Aက်ိဳးေက်းဇူး)
Benefits for society
(လူထုAတြက္
Aက်ိဳးေက်းဇူး)
Equipment and
training of workers
on safety
(Aလုပ္သမားမ်ားကို
လံုျခံဳေရးဆိုင္ရာ
သင္တန္းႏွင့္
ပစၥည္းကိရိယာမ်ားေထာ
က္ပံ့ျခင္း)
Cost of personal
protective
equipment
Cost of training
workers and
management
about safety
procedures
Reduce safety
incidents and
accidents
(လံုျခံဳေရးဆိုင္ရာ
မေတာ္တဆ
ထိခိုက္မႈမ်ား ျဖစ္ျခင္းကို
ေလ်ာ့က်ေစသည္)
Less financial
losses due to
disruption of
production
(Aကုန္Aက်
သက္သာ)
Safe and healthy
workforce
(က်န္းမာေသာလုပ္သား
Aင္Aားထု)
Increase workers
trust towards
managment
(Aလုပ္သမားမ်ားကုမၸ
ဏီစီမံခန္႔ခြဲမႈAေပၚ
ယံုၾကည္မႈ)
Less
injuries/deaths
(ဒဏ္ရာရမႈနည္းပါး)
Better situation for
workers and their
families(Aလုပ္သမား
မ်ားႏွင့္ သူတို႕၏
မိသားစုမ်ား
Aတြက္ ပိုမိုေကာင္းမြန္
ေသာ AေျခAေန)
24. Example: Reduction of energy consumption (စြမ္းAင္သံုးစြဲမႈ
ေလ်ာ့ခ်ျခင္း)
Actions Costs
incurred
Result Benefits
for
business
Benefits
for society
Change lamp
bulbs in factory to
energy-saving
lamps (မီးလံုးမ်ားလဲ)
Cost of new
lamp bulbs
Electricity
consumption
reduced
(လ်ွပ္စစ္ေခ်ြတာ)
Reduce
energy
costs
(စြမ္းAင္
Aတြက္ကုန္
က်စရိတ္
ေလ်ာ့)
Electricity
is a scarce
resource
Reduce volume of
packaging of
products
(ထုပ္ပိုးမႈပမာဏ
ေလ်ာ့ခ်)
Cost of
rethinking
packaging
Reduced
volume of
plastic/paper
(ပလစတစ္/စကၠဴ
AေရAတြက္ေလ်ာ့
ခ်
Reduce
costs for
packaging
Encourage
innovation
Less waste
to manage
စြန္႔ပစ္ပၸစည္း
စီမံမႈနည္း
25. Improve working conditions : ”Companies who attract the best people
perform the best” (လုပ္ငန္းခြင္ AေျခAေနတုိးတက္္)
Action Costs Results Benefits for business Benefits for
society
Better wages
(ပိုေကာင္းေသာလုပ္
ခ)
Higher
cost
(ကုန္က်စရိ
တ္ျမင့္)
Workers get a
fair wage
(သင့္တင့္ေသာ
လုပ္ခရ)
Retain and attract good
workers
(ေတာ္ေသာAလုပ္သမားမ်ားကို
စြဲေဆာင္၊ေရရွည္ျမဲ)
Reduce costs of turnover
and recruitment
Socio-
economic
conditions
improve
(လူမႈဘ၀ တိုးတက္)
Reduce
working hours
and overtime
Immedia
te cost?
Workers get
more rest
Less incidents due to
fatigue
Workers are more
productive
Better
life/work
balance
Skills
development
Cost of
training
for
workers
Workers more
qualified
Higher productivty
Innovation
Increased
education
Social
dialogue
ေတြ႔ဆံု ညိွႏိႈင္း
ေျပာဆိုျခင္း
None Workers and
management
discuss
workplace
issues together
Prevent conflicts/disruptions
Workforce suggests
improvements
Motivated and engaged
workers deliver better
ပဋိပကၡ ေရွာင္ရွား
Workers feel
respected
26. Suppliers and partners requested to
comply with environmental and social
criteria (သဘာ၀ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ႏွင့္လူမႈ ေရးဆုိင္ရာ
စံႏႈန္းမ်ားလုိက္နာရန္လို)
Auditing and corrective measures
လုပ္ငန္းဆိုင္ရာ စံႏႈန္းမ်ား လုိက္နာမႈ
ရွိ/မရွိစစ္ေဆးျခင္း
Control extends beyond direct contractors:
second tier suppliers and subcontractors
(တိုက္ရိုက္ contractor မ်ားAျပင္ ဒုတိယAဆင့္
ပစၥည္းေပးသြင္းသူမ်ား၊ subcontractor မ်ားႏွင့္
လည္းဆိုင္)
27. Risks of disturbances and
shutdowns (လုပ္ငန္းေႏွာင့္ယွက္၊
ပိတ္သိမ္းခံရ)
Cost of conflicts: very high
(ပ႗ိပကၡကုန္က်စရိတ္)
Consult community on a project
(စီမံကိန္းAေၾကာင္း ရပ္ရြာလူထုကို
Aသိေပးေဆြးေႏြး )
Prevent/ mitigate negative impact
on land and environment
(ေျမယာႏွင့္သဘာ၀ပတ္၀န္းက်င္Aေပၚ
ဆုိးက်ိဳးသက္ေရာက္မႈကာကြယ္)
Discuss expectations of community
(ရပ္ရြာ၏ေမွ်ာ္မွန္းခ်က္မ်ားကို ေဆြးေႏြး )