sanitation Atchitecture

1. SANITATION
WATER SANITATION & It’s APPLIANCES
BUILDING SERVICES (WATER SUPPLY)

2. SANITATION
 The World Health Organization states that:
"Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for
the safe disposal of human urine and feces. Inadequate sanitation is a
major cause of disease world-wide and improving sanitation is known to
have a significant beneficial impact on health both in households and
across communities. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance
of hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage collection and
wastewater disposal.
 Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting
health through prevention of human contact with
the hazards of wastes as well as the treatment and
proper disposal of sewage waste water.

3. SANITATION
▪ For transporting sewage from houses & and commercial buildings, a separate
underground carriage system, called sanitary sewer , to treatment or disposal,
is used.
▪ Sanitary sewers serving industrial areas also carry industrial wastewater. The
'system of sewers' is called sewerage.
WATER SENITATION PROCESS

4. SANITATION
WATER SENITATION LAYOUT

5. SANITATION
 In rural areas, where no sewer
system is provided people use a
tank into the ground, called Septic
Tank.
 This tank has a storage limit, so
time to time it should be clean.

6. WATER SANITATION & It’s APPLIANCES
SANITARY APPLIANCES

7. SANITARY APPLIANCES
Sanitary appliances are divided into two main groups:
 “Waste” appliances ( wash basins, sinks, showers
/ baths tubs , drinking fountains )
 “Soil” appliances ( water closet, urinal ).
Understand the design requirements
for sanitary appliance used in all types
of building.

8. SANITARY APPLIANCES
DESIGN REQUIREMENT
A sanitary appliance should be designed so that its fouling area is
reduced to the minimum and should have durable, easily cleaned
and non-absorbent surface.
All sanitary appliances are made of non-absorbent, non-corroding,
smooth and easily cleaned material and usually made from ceramic
ware, vitreous enameled cast iron, vitreous enameled pressed steel,
stainless steel or plastics (thermosetting and thermoplastic).

9. SANITARY APPLIANCES
WATER CLOSET
This is the most common type of
plumbing appliance and also known as
a toilet.
Water closet are usually subdivided according to where they are
mounted (floor mounted and wall mounted ) and how they are
flushed (tank type and flush valve type ).
 The most widely used pattern is the “wash-down”, in which the
contents of the pan are removed by gravity water flush.

10. The pan shape has been developed from the
earlier long and short hopper types, to
provide the minimum of fouling area. They
are designed to maintain a 50 mm minimum
water seal.
 The outlet may be obtained left or right
hand and also ‘P’ or ‘S’ as shown; it may be
flushed from a high or low level flushing
cistern.
The high-level cistern provides a more
effective flush compare to low level cistern.
SANITARY APPLIANCES

11. SANITARY APPLIANCES
DIFFERENT WATER CLOSET

13. SANITARY APPLIANCES
WATER CLOSET TRAPS
All plumbing fixtures have traps in their drains;
these traps are either internal or external to the
fixtures.
 Traps are pipes which curve down then back
up; they 'trap' a small amount of water to create
a water seal between the ambient air space and
the inside of the drain system.
This prevents sewer gas from entering
buildings.

14. SANITARY APPLIANCES

15. SANITARY APPLIANCES
DIFFERENT TRAPS

16. SANITARY APPLIANCES
TYPES OF TRAPS-
I. FLOOR TRAPS- It is provided in floor to collect used water from floor
of bathrooms, kitchen ,etc.
II. GULLY TRAPS- It is a deep seal trap which is provided on external face
of wall for disconnecting waste water flowing from kitchen ,
bathrooms etc from main drainage system.
III.INTERCEPTIVE TRAP- It is provided at junction of house and streets
drain to prevent entry of foul gases from sewer in houses.
IV.GREASE TRAP- It is used in restaurants and industries producing large
quantity of grease waste.
V. SILT TRAP- It is provided only where waste water carries large
amount of silt.

17. Gully trap
Floor trap
Grease trap Stilt trap Interceptive trap

18. SANITARY APPLIANCES
FLUSHING CISTERN
Function :
Used to flush away the contents
of soil fitting to the drain.
Specification:
Fixed 2m and 0.6 m above floor level.
Capacity of the cistern from 5 to 15
liters (popular : 9 liter)

19. SANITARY APPLIANCES
PISTON FLUSHING CISTERN
 The piston type flushing cistern, operates
as follows:
 When the lever is depressed sharply, the
piston is lifted, which displaces water over
the siphon.
 Water discharging down the flush pipe takes some air with it and
creates a partial vacuum in the siphon.
 The greater air pressure acting upon the water in the cistern forces
water through the siphon until air is admitted under the piston, which
breaks the siphon action.

20. SANITARY APPLIANCES
AUTOMATIC FLUSHING CISTERN
 Automatic flushing cistern designed to discharge
its contents of water at regular intervals into a
urinal.
 The rate at which the water will flush depends upon the rate at
which the water is fed into the cistern and for a single installation this
should not exceed ten liters per hour .
 These flush water automatically once in 10 – 15 minutes.
 To prevent wastage of water from these cistern, at times when the
cistern is not used such as at weekends, an Automatic Flow Cut Off
Device should be fitted.

21. SANITARY APPLIANCES
BELL-TYPE FLUSHING CISTERN
 The bell-type flushing cistern is rather
noisy but may be used in factories and
schools.
 The cistern is operated by the chain being
pulled down which also lifts the bell.
 When the chain is released the bell falls thus displacing water
under the bell down the stand pipe.
 Siphonic action is then created which empties the cistern.

22. SANITARY APPLIANCES
URINAL
 They are designed to accept and dispose of liquid
human wastes only.
 The types of urinal are ceramic slab , stall type and
bowl type
 The slab type is cheaper than the stall type , but it
does not provide the same degree of privacy.
 The installation of ceramic bowl-type urinal, which
have less fouling area then the slab and stall urinals.

23. SANITARY APPLIANCES

24. SANITARY APPLIANCES
SLAB URINAL STALL URINAL BOWL URINAL

25. SANITARY APPLIANCES
BIDET
 A sanitary appliance primarily designed to
wash the excretory organs and may also
be used as footbath.
 The hot and cold water supplies are 13
mm internal diameter and hot water may
be supplied to the rim.
 Bidets which are fitted to main supply
must be of a design which is not equipped
with a submersible ascending spray, but
must be of the over-rim type, i.e. pillar
taps.

26. SANITARY APPLIANCES

27. SANITARY APPLIANCES
WASH BASIN
Many wash basin designs are
available, ranging from surgeon’s basin to
small hand basin.
They can be obtained to fit into a corner of
the room and may be supported on
brackets, a pedestal or by a ‘built in’ corbel.

28. SANITARY APPLIANCES
SINK
 Sinks of all types are in wide use in a multitude of different
applications.
 Such as Surgeon’s scrub sinks, service sinks, lavatories sinks, bar
sinks, kitchen sink are just a few of the more common ones
used in plumbing systems.
 Sinks can be made of porcelain, stainless steel, plastic, fiberglass
or any other nonporous material.
 Sinks can be wall mounted, floor mounted, set into countertop
or free standing with legs.

29. DIFFERENT SINK
SANITARY APPLIANCES

30. SANITARY APPLIANCES
BATHTUBS
 Bath tub should be fixed as low as possible to assist getting in and out. The
standard length of a rectangular bath tub is 1.7 m.
 For domestic installations, the taps and supply pipes are 19 mm internal
diameter, but for institutions these are sometimes enlarge to 25 mm, to
increase the speed of filling.
 A sanitary appliance in which the human body
can be immersed and cleansed.
 Bath tubs are available in enameled cast iron,
pressed steel or in various types of plastics and
acrylics.

31. SANITARY APPLIANCES
DIFFERENT BATHTUBS

32. SANITARY APPLIANCES
SHOWER
 A shower is a device for washing, typically
consisting of an enclosed area and an overhead
nozzle.
To use a shower a human stands in the enclosed
area while the nozzle sprays water down on the
body.
Showers are primarily used for hygiene and washing
purposes and are often installed in bathrooms.

33. SANITARY APPLIANCES
SHOWER TRAY
 A preformed tray that creates a hob in
the shower recess area.
 Size of shower tray :-
i. 915 mm x 915 mm x 178 mm
ii. 760 mm x 760 mm x 178 mm
iii. 610 mm x 610 mm x 178 mm

34. SANITARY APPLIANCES
MATERIALS
 The materials from which appliances are manufactured are depend
upon the type of fitment and the use of building into which it is to
be installed.
 In general terms the material must be non – corroding, non-
absorbent and easily cleaned.

35. Materials Description
Ceramics Popular material for such appliances as WCs, wash basins, urinals, sinks, and shower trays. The term
ceramic means a substance made by firing clay. The strength and degree of impermeability of the
materials depends upon the composition of the clay mixture and temperature at which they are fired.
Glaze earthenware This produces appliances of good color, lends itself well to formation of complicated shapes and relatively
cheap. It is used mainly for sinks and W.C . pans
Glazed fireclay This produces a tough appliance which is resistant to knocks and hard wear. Fireclay appliances such as
urinals, sinks and W.C. pans are often used in schools and factories.
Glazed stoneware This produces a tough appliance which is resistant to knocks and hard wear, but, unlike earthenware and
fireclay, the material is non-absorbent even when it is unglazed. It is mainly used for channels, sinks and
urinal stalls.
Vitreous China This lends itself to fine detail and good finish, but is not as strong as fireclay and is therefore unsuitable
for buildings where hard wear is expected, such as schools and factories. It is, however used extensively
in houses and hotels. The material does not absorb water even when the glaze is broken, can be used to
manufacture almost all types of appliances, in various colors.
Acrylic plastic (Perspex) This is produced in many colors, it is light in weight and relatively cheap. It takes a hard gloss finish and
has an excellent appearance. Hot water however, tends to soften the material and baths made from it
must be supported with metal cradles.
Glass-Reinforced
Polyester
This material is more expensive than acrylic plastic , but is much stronger. A good gel coat finish is
essential to protect the reinforcing fibers and various colors may be obtained.

36. MARKET SURVEY
WATER SANITATION & It’s APPLIANCES

37. WATER SANITATION & It’s APPLIANCES-
DIFFERENT COMPANIES-
ELEGANT-SENETRY APPLIANCES
CENTURY-SENETRY APPLIANCES
KAJARIYA- BATHROOM TILES

38. THANK YOU !
 ANUJ KUMAR
 RESHU SINGH
 ESHAN VAISHY
 SUBODH BHATI