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history of CHI
                        geschiedenis van de informatica - 23 maart 2009




                                       erik duval
                                      K.U.Leuven
                            http://www.cs.kuleuven.be/~erikd
                                               1
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
2
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.slideshare.net/erik.duval




Wednesday, March 25, 2009
                            3
HUGE                      thanks to...
               http://www.slideshare.net/mrettig/interaction-design-history


      marc rettig
      marcrettig.com
                             interaction
      presented at
                             design
                             history in a
      carnegie
      mellon
      university


      2 april 2004


      mrettig@well.com
                             teeny
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
when? what?
                   • text -> grafisch: 1982
                   • touchscreen: 1995 -> nu
                   • force feedback: 1990
                   • menu: 1982
                   • scherm: 1955
                   • muis: 1970
                                       5
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
wiring the ENIAC with a new program




      ENIAC
      1946
      Mauchly and Eckert

      stats:
      3,000 cubic feet
      30 tons
      18,000 vacuum tubes
      70,000 resistors
      170 kilowatt power req.
      ~1 kilobit memory



      approximate processing power of today’s
      singing birthday card



      but not a stored-program device




                                                Great description here: www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/lectures/pptlectures/7b-eniac.ppt




Wednesday, March 25, 2009
front panel switches




      DEC PDP-8

      TI 980


      1960’s


      The internal architecture of the
      machine is exposed in the
      controls. You can see that the
      PDP-8 is an octal computer,
      with its switches in three-bit
      configurations (it takes three
      bits to count from 0 to 7, for a
      total of 8 numbers. Base 8.
      Octal. Get it?). The TI 980 is a
      hexadecimal machine, with
      switches in groups of four.
      Using the switches, you
      program the machine one word
      at a time (a word being, say,
      two hexadecimal bytes for the
      TI).




Wednesday, March 25, 2009
configure switches, run batch, output to tape




Wednesday, March 25, 2009
batch processing: feed it cards, wait while it runs




      What you used to do
      punch a deck of cards; take the
      cards to a little window, hand
      them to the operator; she puts
      them in line with everyone
      else’s jobs; when it’s your turn
      she puts your cards in the
      hopper and pushes “RUN”; your
      program works or it doesn’t; an
      hour or twelve later, you pick
      up your cards and (hopefully)
      printout at the same little
      window.

      What you do now
      double-click an icon, see what
      happens immediately.




Wednesday, March 25, 2009
preparing punch cards




      An important by-product:
      confetti. All the chaff from all
      those cards was just great to
      throw around the dorm.




Wednesday, March 25, 2009
preparing punch cards




      Each key press punches holes,
      so there’s no “erase.” Fixing a
      mistake almost always
      required ejecting the card and
      starting it over.


      In a pinch – say you really
      needed to fix a card and the
      punch was down – a clever
      operator might know enough
      about the card encoding to
      close some holes with tape and
      open others with a knife.

      So on the one hand, we were
      adapting to the machines. On
      the other hand, the workings of
      the machines were exposed,
      right out where we could get to
      them.




Wednesday, March 25, 2009
punch cards




                            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FortranCardPROJ039.agr.jpg

                                                         12
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/IBM_card_punch_029.JPG
                                                     13
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
operator console




      IBM System 360
      1960’s




Wednesday, March 25, 2009
at home, it’s still the switches – but what to do with it?




      MITS Altair 8800
      1975

      One of the first commercially
      available home computers.
      You ordered it. You built it.
      You operated it through front
      panel switches.




Wednesday, March 25, 2009
next?


                             16
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Command Line Interface




                            17
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Nog vb?




                               18
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Nog vb?




                               18
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
19   http://www.designinginteractions.com/

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Grafische gebruikersinterface




                            20
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
WIMP
        •      Windows
               Icons
               Menus, and
               Pointing devices

        •      Characteristics

             •       intuitive

             •       consistent

             •       forgiving

             •       protective

        •      But not necessarily best
               for expert!
                                          21
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Turing Award 1988          Ivan Sutherland: Sketchpad (1962)




                                                                          http://www.archive.org/details/AlanKeyD1987 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=495nCzxM9PI




                             http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USyoT_Ha_bA    22

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
D. Engelbart, Augment
  • Stanford Research Institute
  • invented interactive
          computing (mouse,
          windows, groupware, ...)

  • team went to Xerox PARC
  • now: bootstrap institute
        • http://www.bootstrap.org/
                                     23

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
D. Engelbart, Augment
   •       demo at 1968 Fall
           Joint Computer
           Conference
         •      video, microwave
                transmission, ...

         •      http://
                sloan.stanford.edu/
                mousesite/
                1968Demo.html

         •      http://
                www.youtube.com
                /watch?
                v=X4kp9Ciy1nE


                                      24
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X4kp9Ciy1nE


                                 25
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://cfdj.sys-con.com/read/536976.htm
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://cfdj.sys-con.com/read/536976.htm
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://cfdj.sys-con.com/read/536976.htm
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://cfdj.sys-con.com/read/536976.htm
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Fast forward to …
                                  now :) !

                                                 Text
                                                  Text




                              http://flash.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/fm/fmm.php?code=c785a5-890&room=fm890

                                                    27
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Fast forward to …
                                  now :) !

                                                    Text
                                                     Text




        http://hyperscope.org/

                                 http://flash.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/fm/fmm.php?code=c785a5-890&room=fm890

                                                       27
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Fast forward to …
                                  now :) !

                                                                           Text
                                                                            Text




        http://hyperscope.org/

                                          http://flash.kmi.open.ac.uk:8080/fm/fmm.php?code=c785a5-890&room=fm890
                                 http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3914718330476864051&q=doug+engelbart
                                                                                27
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
28   http://www.designinginteractions.com/

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
29
                                 http://programforthefuture.org/
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
29
                                 http://programforthefuture.org/
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
XEROX PARC Star
                                (1981)




                                   30
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQ6ng1_TMN4
                                                31
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
32   http://www.designinginteractions.com/

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
a tool for home and small business calculations




      visicalc
      Dan Bricklin
      1979


      Finally people had a reason to
      buy a home computer
      (specifically, an Apple II): so
      they could use VisiCalc, the first
      spreadsheet.




                                          THE place to learn about Visicalc: www.bricklin.com/visicalc.htm
                                          Download a working version!




Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Macintosh, 1984




                                        http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0FtgZNOD44
                                   34
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
All 39 pages of advertising that Apple bought in a 1984 issue of newsweek are available here: http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/
       computerhistory/ads/macnewsweek



Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Windows 1.0 (1985)




                                36

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGvHNNOLnCk
                                                  37

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y48rthTbrA8&NR=1

                                                  38

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
39   http://www.designinginteractions.com/

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
beyond then ...

                            40

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.philipglass.com/glassengine/   41   http://www.designinginteractions.com/

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/anand_agarawala_demos_his_bumptop_desktop.html   42

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
43   http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/jeff_han_demos_his_breakthrough_touchscreen.html

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://portal.mace-project.eu/   44

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://blogs.msdn.com/tom/archive/2009/03/03/future-vision-ux-ideas.aspx



                                                              45

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/david_merrill_demos_siftables_the_smart_blocks.html   46

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/pattie_maes_demos_the_sixth_sense.html




                                                               47
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/pattie_maes_demos_the_sixth_sense.html




                                                               47
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.lce.hut.fi/research/css/bci/



                            48

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qCSSBEXBCbY&NR=1




                                                  49

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NIG47YgndP8




                                               50

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
51   http://emotiv.com/

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JMLH_QyPTYM
                                                52
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
The future has already arrived.
          It's just not evenly distributed yet.
                            53
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
what did you...
                               • like most?
                               • want most?
                               • dislike most?
                               • fear most?
                               • ...?
                              and why...
                                     54
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
55

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Thanks!
                              55

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Questions?

                            Thanks!
                              55

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Questions?
                  http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/~erikd



                            Thanks!
                                  55

Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Questions?
                  http://www.cs.kuleuven.ac.be/~erikd
                            http://erikduval.wordpress.com


                                   Thanks!
                                          55

Wednesday, March 25, 2009

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History of CHI (Human-Computer Interaction)

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