Mining: Growth industry’s devastating footprint: what next?
Asha Kapur Mehta
1. Poverty and Chronic Poverty: An Overview Aasha Kapur Mehta Professor of Economics IIPA, New Delhi and CPRC
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5. Incidence of Poverty in India – % of Population and No of People Below the Poverty Line 1973-74 to 1999-2000 260.2 ?? 26.1 ?? 1999-2000 320.3 36 1993-94 307.1 38.9 1987-88 322.9 44.5 1983 328.9 51.3 1977-78 321.3 54.9 1973-74 Number of poor (millions) % population below the poverty line Year
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7. Incidence and Concentration of Income Poverty in Selected States of India * including the newly formed states
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10. 5 of these states (Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Assam and Uttar Pradesh) have had more than 30% of their people in poverty over several decades. So high poverty incidence has existed in these states over a long duration.
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13. We view chronic poverty in terms of long duration severity and multidimensional deprivation.
19. , Important determinants of poverty are: Caste, Tribe and Household Demographic Composition The probability of being chronically poor is greater for: Casual Agricultural Labour Landless households Illiterate households Larger households with more children Source: Bhide and Mehta CPRC-IIPA working papers 6 and 15
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43. Regions with very high incidence of very Poor and Poor in Rural Areas : 1993-94 50.02 26.79 Central U.P. 58.68 27.62 Northern Bihar 62.44 31.57 Southern Bihar 50.02 28.91 Inland Central Maharashtra 69.02 34.08 Southern Orissa 66.74 39.7 Southern U.P. 68.2 42.24 South Western M.P. Poor Very Poor State/Regions
44. Hunger Hunger And Lack Of Availability Of Two Square Meals A Day Starkest indicator of severe poverty Within the over 200 million people identified as undernourished in India is a subset that is unable to access even two square meals a day. Issues of state failure and community failure especially in the context of starvation related deaths.
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48. Rising Morbidity Based on 30 Day Recall NSS 2 Rounds 89 33 F 81 30 M 84 31 P Urban 89 63 F 84 64 M 86 64 P Rural 1995-96 1986-87
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54. A large proportion of the poor in remote areas are both chronically and severely poor and the incidence of this is negatively associated with size of land holding and household population. Remote rural areas are likely to experience chronic poverty on the basis of agro-ecological and socio-economic factors. Unless efforts are made to develop the deprived areas, out migration from drought prone regions may only shift poverty from rural to urban or from dry land to agro-climatically better endowed regions.