Planet Earth’s atmospheric-hydrospheric-lithospheric interactions create HURRICANES. 2014 Atlantic Hurricane Season began With Hurricane Arthur 3 July 2014. Potential disaster agents (aka hazards) of a hurricane include: Wind Field [Cat 1 (55 Mph) to Cat 5+ (155 Mph Or Greater)]; Debris; Storm Surge/Floods; Heavy Precipitation/Floods; Landslides (Mudflows); Costal Erosion. As a result, there is a high potential for huge loss exposures in A HURRICANE: Entire communities; People, property, infra-structure, business enterprise, government centers, crops, wildlife, and natural resources. Fortunately, fewer tropical storms and hurricanes are expected during the 2014 season as a consequence of an increased El Nino effect in the Pacific. Presentation courtesy of Dr. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction

1. HURRICANES
Planet Earth’s
atmospheric-
hydrospheric-
lithospheric
interactions
create
HURRICANES

2. 2014 ATLANTIC HURRICANE
SEASON BEGINS WITH
HURRICANE ARTHUR
July 3, 2014

3. ARTHUR BECAME A CAT 1
HURRICANE
ON JULY 3

4. ARTHUR MOVING ALONG
EAST COAST

5. ARTHUR FORECAST TO
MOVE ALONG EAST COAST

6. ARTHUR WILL IMPACT
NORTH CAROLINA FIRST
• North Carolina and its fragile Outer
Banks were evacuating and bracing for
storm surge, winds and rain from
Hurricane Arthur on Thursday as the
storm gained strength and and
threatened to wash out Fourth of July
plans along the entire East Coast...

7. FORECAST FOR 2014
Fewer tropical storms and
hurricanes are expected
during the 2014 season as a
consequence of an increased
El Nino effect in the Pacific.

8. NATURAL HAZARDS THAT HAVE CAUSED
DISASTERS
FLOODS
HURRICANES
EARTHQUAKES/TSUNAMIS
VOLCANOES
WILDFIRES
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
HIGH BENEFIT/COST FROM
BECOMING DISASTER
NRESILIENT
GOAL: PROTECT PEOPLE
AND COMMUNITIES

9. POTENTIAL DISASTER
AGENTS AND RISK FROM
HURRICANES

10. POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS (AKA
HAZARDS) OF A HURRICANE
• WIND FIELD [CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5+
(155 mph or greater)]
• DEBRIS
• STORM SURGE/FLOODS
• HEAVY PRECIPITATION/FLOODS
• LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)
• COSTAL EROSION

11. HAZARDS
ELEMENTS OF WINDSTORM
RISK
EXPOSURE
VULNERABILITY LOCATION
RISK

12. HIGH POTENTIAL LOSS EXPOSURES
IN A HURRICANE
Entire communities;
People, property, infra-
structure, business enterprise,
government centers, crops,
wildlife, and natural resources.

13. A DISASTER CAN HAPPEN
WHEN THE
POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS
OF A HURRICANE INTERACT
WITH A COMMUNITY

14. WIND PENETRATING
BUILDING ENVELOPE
TYPHOONS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN
ELEVATION AND PLAN
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
CAUSES
OF
DAMAGE
“DISASTER
LABORATORIES”

15. A DISASTER is ---
--- the set of failures that overwhelm the
capability of a community to respond
without external help when three
continuums: 1) people, 2) community
(i.e., a set of habitats, livelihoods, and
social constructs), and 3) complex
events (e.g., windstorms, floods,…)
intersect at a point in space and time.

16. Disasters are caused by
single- or multiple-event
natural hazards that, (for
various reasons), cause
extreme levels of mortality,
morbidity, homelessness,
joblessness, economic losses,
or environmental impacts.

17. THE REASONS ARE . . .
• When it does happen, the
functions of the community’s
buildings and infrastructure can be
LOST.

18. THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is UN-
PREPARED for what will likely
happen, not to mention the
low-probability of occurrence—
high-probability of adverse
consequences event.

19. THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is UN-
PREPARED for what will likely
happen, not to mention the
low-probability of occurrence—
high-probability of adverse
consequences event.

20. THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community has NO DISASTER
PLANNING SCENARIO or
WARNING SYSTEM in place as a
strategic framework for early threat
identification and coordinated
local, national, regional, and
international countermeasures.

21. THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community LACKS THE
CAPACITY TO RESPOND in a
timely and effective manner to
the full spectrum of expected
and unexpected emergency
situations.

22. THE REASONS ARE . . .
• The community is INEFFICIENT
during recovery and
reconstruction because it HAS
NOT LEARNED from either the
current experience or the
cumulative prior experiences.

23. THE ALTERNATIVE TO A
HURRICANE DISASTER IS
HURRICANE DISASTER
RESILIENCE

24. CHILE’S
COMMUNITIES
DATA BASES
AND INFORMATION
HAZARDS:
GROUND SHAKING
GROUND FAILURE
SURFACE FAULTING
TECTONIC DEFORMATION
TSUNAMI RUN UP
AFTERSHOCKS
•WINDSTORM
HAZARDS
•PEOPLE & BLDGS.
•VULNERABILITY
•LOCATION
WINDSTORM RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: HURRICANE
DISASTER RESILIENCE
• PREPAREDNESS
•PROTECTION
•EARLY WARNING
•EMERGENCY RESPONSE
•RECOVERY and
RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONS

25. TECHNOLOGIES FOR
MONITORING, FORECASTING,
WARNING, AND DISASTER
SCENARIOS ARE VITAL FOR
SURVIVAL IN A HURRICANE

26. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WIND-
STORMS
PREPAREDNES
FOR THE
EXPECTED AND
UNEXPEDTED IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE

27. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WIND-
STORMS
PROTECTION
OF PEOPLE AND
PROPERTY IS
ESSENTIAL FOR
DISASTER
RESILIENCE

28. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WIND-
STORMS
EARLY WARN-
ING (THE ISS)
AND EVACU-
ATION ARE
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE

29. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WIND-
STORMS
TIMELY
EMERGENCY
RESPONSE IS
ESSENTIAL
FOR DISASTER
RESILIENCE

30. LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT
DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL WIND-
STORMS
RECOVERY AND
RECON-
STRUCTION
USUALLY TAKES
LONGER THAN
THOUGHT.