This document provides information on configuring network settings on Linux Redhat systems. It discusses using ifconfig to configure interfaces, setting a default gateway and static routes. It also describes the network configuration files - /etc/hosts, /etc/resolv.conf, /etc/sysconfig/network, and /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg files. Specific parameters that can be configured in the ifcfg files are outlined. The document concludes with discussing using the Network Administration Tool and configuring DHCP.
3. #Ifconfig eth0 down
#Ifconfig eth0 up
==
#service network restart
To configure a static IP:
#ifconfig eth0 192.168.10.12 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast
192.168.10.255 up
5. static route
#ip route show this is a command to show you the default gateway
and the ip
You can add static route using following command:
#ip route add {NETWORK} via {IP} dev {DEVICE}
For example network 192.168.55.0/24 available via
192.168.1.254:
# ip route add 192.168.55.0/24 via 192.168.1.254 dev eth1
Alternatively, you can use old good route command:
# route add -net 192.168.55.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw
192.168.1.254 dev eth1
7. /etc/hosts
The main purpose of this file is to resolve hostnames that cannot be resolved
any other way. It can also be used to resolve hostnames on small networks
with no DNS server.
/etc/resolv.conf
This file specifies the IP addresses of DNS servers and the search domain.
/etc/sysconfig/network
This file specifies routing and host information for all network interfaces.
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-<interface-name>
For each network interface, there is a corresponding interface configuration
script. Each of these files provide information specific to a particular
network interface.
8. /etc/sysconfig/network
The /etc/sysconfig/network file is used to specify information about the desired
network configuration. The following values may be used:
• NETWORKING=<value>, where <value> is one of the following boolean values:
yes — Networking should be configured.
no — Networking should not be configured.
• HOSTNAME=<value>, where <value> should be the Fully Qualified Domain
Name (FQDN), such as hostname.expample.com, but can be whatever
hostname is necessary.
• GATEWAY=<value>, where <value> is the IP address of the network's gateway.
9. /etc/sysconfig/network
Static IP address Configuration: (Configure gateway address)
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=my-hostname -Hostname is defined here and by command hostname
GATEWAY="XXX.XXX.XXX.YYY" - Used if your network is connected to another
network or the internet.
OR for DHCP client configuration:
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=my-hostname - Hostname is defined here and by command
hostname
10. /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-
<interface-name>
The following is a sample ifcfg-eth0 file for a system using a FIXED
IP address:
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NETWORK=10.0.1.0
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=10.0.1.27
USERCTL=no
Example, using DHCP server:
# Intel Corporation 82540EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
HWADDR=08:00:27:FF:FB:FE
ONBOOT=yes
11. Below is a listing of the configurable
parameters in an Ethernet interface
configuration file:
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-<interface-
name>
12. BOOTPROTO=<protocol>
where <protocol> is one of the following:
• none — No boot-time protocol should be used.
• bootp — The BOOTP protocol should be used.
• dhcp — The DHCP protocol should be used.
DEVICE=<name>
where <name> is the name of the physical device (except for
dynamically-allocated PPP devices
where it is the logical name).
DNS{1,2}=<address>
where <address> is a name server address to be placed in
/etc/resolv.conf if the
PEERDNS directive is set to yes.
13. GATEWAY=<address>
where <address> is the IP address of the network router or gateway device
(if any).
HWADDR=<MAC-address>
where <MAC-address> is the hardware address of the Ethernet device in the
form
AA:BB:CC:DD:EE:FF. This directive must be used in machines containing
more than one NIC to ensure that the interfaces are assigned the correct
device names regardless of the configured load order for each NIC's
module. This directive should not be used in conjunction with MACADDR.
IPADDR=<address>
where <address> is the IP address.
NETMASK=<mask>
where <mask> is the netmask value.
14. ONBOOT=<answer>
where <answer> is one of the following:
• yes — This device should be activated at boot-time.
• no — This device should not be activated at boot-time.
USERCTL=<answer>
where <answer> is one of the following:
• yes — Non-root users are allowed to control this device.
• no — Non-root users are not allowed to control this device.
15. /etc/sysconfig/static-routes
You can add the following two lines to the file
"/etc/sysconfig/static-routes":
eth0 net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.2.1
eth1 net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.1.2
16. Network Administration Tool
The Network Administration Tool (system-config-network) is
an easy way to make changes to the various network
interface configuration files
Pg 159
#system-config-network
17.
18. 1. Add a network device associated with the physical
hardware device.
2. Configure the hostname and DNS settings.
3. Configure any hosts that cannot be looked up through
DNS.
19. DHCP configuration
1. Backup existing static configuration
• First backup existing network configuration file
using cp command:
# cp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
/root/ifcfg-eth0.bak
2. Configuring a DHCP Client:
• Setting up a Linux for dhcp can be done by editing file using a
text editor such as vi:
# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
20. DHCP configuration
• Following is sample static configuration:
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
HWADDR=00:19:D1:2A:BA:A8
IPADDR=10.10.29.66
NETMASK=255.255.255.192
ONBOOT=yes
21. DHCP configuration
3. Replace static configuration with DHCP:
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
HWADDR=00:19:D1:2A:BA:A8
ONBOOT=yes
4. Save and close the file. Just restart network
service:
# /etc/init.d/network restart (in ubuntu the service is
called networking)
Please note that you need a configuration file for each device
that you want to configure to use DHCP.
