This presentation was given at FOSS4G Japan/Osaka 2012. This presentation talks why open source GIS can be a viable option for National GIS R&D in Korea.

1. 한국어 지부
Open Source GIS – A Viable Option for
NGIS R&D in Korea
8th, Nov 2012
FOSS4G 2012 Osaka Keynote Presentation
Representative of OSGeo Korean Chapter
Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

2. 0. Notes
§ Many parts of this presentation contains the results of resea
rch titled “Strategies on Building the Platform for GeoSp
atial Information Technology Development: Based on O
pen Source Thinking”
§ This presentation does not necessarily reflect Korean gover
nment’s views or policies toward NGIS R&D in Korea
§ In this presentation, National R&D will be regarded as a part
of NIS(National Innovation System)
OSGeo Korean Chapter 2 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

3. 1. What is National R&D?
“
Increasing
the
fluidity
of
technology
and
infor
ins7tu7ons.
ma7on
flows
among
people,
enterprises
and
”
è To enhance the innovative performance and overall com
petitiveness in a country.
• Source : “National Innovation Systems”, 1997, OECD.
OSGeo Korean Chapter 3 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

4. 2. Understanding R&D Circumstances
§ Traditional Approach
Inputs Outputs
- R&D Funds R&D Process - Patents
- Human
- Publications
Resources
è ‘Linear Model of Innovation’ that more focus on Inputs
& Outputs.
OSGeo Korean Chapter 4 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

5. 2. Understanding R&D Circumstances
§ Traditional Linear Approach
Linear Basic Explore Idea
Design,
Develop, Producing Marketing
Model Research New Ideas Evaluation
Test
High Cost Uncertainty
R&D
Characteristics
High Risk
OSGeo Korean Chapter 5 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

6. 2. Understanding R&D Circumstances
§ Low R&D Success Rate
Total R&D Investment 100%
Failed R&D 60% Commercialized R&D 40%
§ Only 40% of R&D Projects is commercialized in spite of high
R&D investment
§ In total only 24% of R&D Projects make a penny
Non-Profitable Profitable
§ R&D success rate has continuously been lowered down due to 40% 60%
shortened life cycle of products & technology
OSGeo Korean Chapter 6 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

7. 2. Understanding R&D Circumstances
§ R&D Cost Curve
R&D Valley of Death Sea of Darwin
• Source : Osawa and Miyazaki, 2006
OSGeo Korean Chapter 7 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

8. 2. Understanding R&D Circumstances
§ Changes on R&D Model
Universities
R&D
Process
National
Enterprises R&D
Center
è Interactions among actors involved in technology devel
opment are as important as investments in R&D
OSGeo Korean Chapter 8 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

9. 2. Understanding R&D Circumstances
§ Changes on R&D Model
Research Development Business
From traditional R&D model
To D&B Model
Research
Development Business
Connect
OSGeo Korean Chapter 9 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

10. 3. Innovation Models
§ Closed Innovation
Inside R&D Ecosystem
Technology
Innovation
New
Increased
Technology
R&D
New
Investment
Product
Revenue &
Profit
Increase
• Source : Henry Chesbrough, 2003
OSGeo Korean Chapter 10 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

11. 3. Innovation Models
§ Closed Innovation
Closed § Designed and developed by nation
inside or firm inside
§ Leverage inside knowledge,
intellectual property, experiences
In-House
Development § Idling knowledge, limitations of
leveraging outside knowledge
Leverage own knowledge
è What if outcomes of long R&D could not meet fast chan
ging market needs?
OSGeo Korean Chapter 11 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

12. 3. Innovation Models
§ 7 Challenges in 21st Century
Economic Technology
Recession Oversupply
Doing More Market
with Less Uncertainty
Technology Global
Paradox Competition
Everybody
Innovates
OSGeo Korean Chapter 12 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

13. 3. Innovation Models
§ Open Innovation
1 End of Knowledge Monopoly Era
2 Mobility of Skilled Person & Technology
3 Increased R&D Cost and Shortened Life Cycle
• Source : Henry Chesbrough, 2003
OSGeo Korean Chapter 13 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

14. 3. Innovation Models
§ Open Innovation
Internal
Resources
Quick &
Efficient
Development
External
Resources
è Leverage smart people inside & outside of the nation!
OSGeo Korean Chapter 14 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

15. 3. Innovation Models
§ Open Innovation
Open § Designed and developed with
other outside partners
§ Inside knowledge + outside
knowledge
Collaborative
Development § Cost reduction, increase
innovation capabilities, shortened
response time to market change
Leverage others knowledge too
è So, how to apply open innovation to National R&D while
keeping a National interest?
OSGeo Korean Chapter 15 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

16. 4. Korean Cases
§ National GIS R&D Investment by NGIS Plan
In Million KRW
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
1st NGIS : 18.5M US$
25,000
2nd NGIS : 20.0M US$
20,000
15,000
3rd NGIS : 144.7M US$
10,000
Total 183.2M US$
5,000
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
è Vision : Development of world class GeoSpatial techno
logy and new growth engine
OSGeo Korean Chapter 16 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

17. 4. Korean Cases
§ Goal of Technology Development at each NGIS Phase
Phase I Phase II Phase III
- Mapping Technology - 3D GIS - Intelligent Land
- DBMS Technology - High Resolution Information SW
- General GIS SW Remote Sensing SW - Ubiquitous GIS
OSGeo Korean Chapter 17 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

18. 4. Korean Cases
§ Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase I
Institution in
Title Period
Charge
1. DBMS Independent GIS Basic S/W
- GIS API Development
- GIS Analysis S/W Development
- GIS Operation S/W Development
- GIS User Interface Technology Development
2. Mapping Technology Development
- Data acquisition and modification S/W development
- Data processing and three-dimensional topographic S/W development
- Map printing and map design automation S/W development
1995 Ministry of
3. DB Tool ~ Science and
- Spatial object management system development 1999 Technology
- Spatial object storage system development
- RDBMS Interface development
- OODBMS Interface development
4. GIS System Integration
- System integration development
- GIS advanced technology monitoring and spread
- Public facility management GIS application software development
- GIS data editing and integrated management technology development
- Internet environment three-dimensional spatial analysis S/W development
OSGeo Korean Chapter 18 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

19. 4. Korean Cases
§ Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase II
Institution in
Title Period
Charge
1999~
1. Open GIS component technology development 2001
2000~
2. 3-dimensional GIS S/W technology development 2002
Ministry of
Information
2001~
3. High-precision satellite image processing technology development 2003
and
Telecommunic
ation
2001~
4. Spatial information(4S)-connected technology support business 2003
2004~
5. Multi-sensor spatial image information integration technology development 2006
OSGeo Korean Chapter 19 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

20. 4. Korean Cases
§ Projects & Outcomes of Technology Development at NGIS Phase III
Institution in
Title Period
Charge
1. Spatial information infrastructure innovation
2. Real-time territory monitoring
Ministry of
2006
Land, Transpo
~
3. Establishment of intelligent urban space information infrastructure 2010
rtation and Ma
ritime Affairs
4. Realization of safe and convenient construction space
5. Induction of u-GIS standard and technology
OSGeo Korean Chapter 20 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

21. 4. Korean Cases
§ Applied Strategies to Develop GeoSpatial Technology
1. Utilizing Foreign Technology : ESRI, Intergraph, Etc.
GeoSpatial
Technology 2. Develop Own Technology : Mapping, DBMS, Etc
Development
3. Mid Entry Strategy : Purchasing GOTHIC SW
è Still around 70% of Korean GIS market is dominated by for
eign technologies and little world class technologies!!
OSGeo Korean Chapter 21 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

23. 4. Korean Cases
§ Ideal NGIS R&D Model
Government
RoyalEes Research
Fund
Company
Research
Inst.
University
Revenue
&
Profits Products
&
Tech
Selling
Market
&
Customers
OSGeo Korean Chapter 23 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

24. 4. Korean Cases
§ Realities
NGIS Products Market Success
R&D
R&D
Lack of
interactions R&D
R&D
NGIS R&D
R&D
R&D Products Market Success
R&D
Source & documents only
Repeated development, test
• Source : Prof. Kwangwoo Nam, 2012
OSGeo Korean Chapter 24 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

25. 4. Korean Cases
§ Under Performances
Government
X
Lack of flow
X
Lack of flow
Research University Company Short-term based
Institute
No update & further development after R&D
Hard to find outcomes of R&D
GeoSpatial Market – What market should we target?
OSGeo Korean Chapter 25 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

26. 4. Korean Cases
§ Questions Raised
Q01 Haven’t we tried to develop all the technologies by ourselves so far?
è What if we applied Google’s Android model to NGIS R&D?
OSGeo Korean Chapter 26 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

27. 4. Korean Cases
§ Questions Raised
Q02 How to rejuvenate the stopped development for the people in need?
è Let’s pull out the source codes from the shelf!!
OSGeo Korean Chapter 27 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

28. 4. Korean Cases
§ Questions Raised
Q03 Can we hit multiple targets at the same time?
è Need to consider ‘Select & Focus’ strategy.
OSGeo Korean Chapter 28 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

29. 4. Korean Cases
§ Implications from Korean Cases
Implications
1
Closed R&D System
- Try to develop almost all the technologies by Need to leverage outside technology and reso
itself. urces to respond to fast changing market situ
ations.
2
University & Research Inst. Centric
- Heavily rely on traditional linear downstream Need to engage more enterprises’ request an
R&D model. d enterprise itself in development system.
3
Ambiguous R&D Goal Need to address R&D and D&B separately. R
- Not clear whether it is R&D or D&B. Need to &D for basic research and D&B for commerci
set clear goal. alization.
4
Need to set up platform to increase the flow of
Hard to Reuse R&D Outcomes
knowledge and dissemination of technology
- After R&D project period, finding & reusing R
during & after R&D.
&D outcomes is difficult.
OSGeo Korean Chapter 29 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

30. 5. Strategies
§ Basic Concepts
Inside-Out Strategy
Select & Focus Strategy
Outside-In Strategy
OSGeo Korean Chapter 30 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

31. 5. Strategies
§ Inside-Out Strategy
Inside-Out Strategy
1 Change previous R&D outcomes to open source
§ Encourage to change previous R&D outcomes to ‘Dual License’ based open source
§ Let the technology flow to the people in need
§ ‘Technology in the Shelf’ doesn’t create any value
2 Need to Start Open Source Based R&D
§ Approach open source as a disruptive innovation
§ Participate in international open source GIS activities and lead the communities
§ This will increase the quality and interactions among actors!
OSGeo Korean Chapter 31 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

32. 5. Strategies
§ Outside-In Strategy
Outside-In Strategy
Korean Situations Open Source GIS Strategies
• Limited human resources • Internalize the outside resources
• Limited R&D funds • Active adoption of Open Source GIS
• Small & medium size GIS companies • Reduce GIS SW cost using Open Source GIS
• Unable to target all the fields • Targeting professional fields
• High dependency on proprietary GIS • Reduce the dependency on proprietary GIS
OSGeo Korean Chapter 32 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

33. 5. Strategies
§ Select & Focus Strategy
Select & Focus Strategy
1 3
Targeting Cutting-Edge Technology Clear Discrimination between R&D, D&B
- From Catch-up to Leap-frogging - Need to increase the commercialization capa
bilities
2 4
Niche Market Strategy More Business Centric Policy Needed
- Not only technology create values - Growth of business will create the virtuous cir
cle of NGIS R&D
Consider not only R&D itself but D&B as
well!!
OSGeo Korean Chapter 33 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

34. 5. Strategies
§ Proposed R&D System
Firms
NGIS R&D Activities
Outside-In Inside-Out
World Govnt
Select & Focus
Open Source Thinking(Open/Share/Participation)
NGIS R&D Infrastructure
R&D
Inst.
OSGeo Korean Chapter 34 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

35. 6. Conclusions
Open Innovation • Need to consider fast changing market & customers needs
Strategy • Not future prediction, but increasing adaptabilities
Inside-Out • Rejuvenate sleeping technology by changing it to open source
Strategy • Let the technology flow to the people in need
Outside-In • Need to actively embrace the open source GIS technology
Strategy • Internalize the outside high-performance resources
• Changing strategy from catch-up to leap-frogging
Select & Focus • Need to target cutting-edge technology that could leverage hidden assets
Strategy • Need to discriminate R&D and D&B
• Every country has its own unique invisible assets
OSGeo Korean Chapter 35 Shin, Sanghee(shshin@gaia3d.com)

36. Thank you!!
Q&A