Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, Jan 7, 2011

1. Larval Pacific Oyster (Crassostreagigas)Response to Ocean Acidification Emma Timmins-Schiffman, Steven Roberts, Paul McElhany, Shallin Busch University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences SICB, January 7, 2011

2. Objective How do human impacts, such as ocean acidification, affect oyster larvae?

3. Outline Background on ocean acidification Oyster development Ocean acidification effects on different stages of larval development Conclusion

4. Ocean Acidification 1000 ppm Increased CO2 in atmosphere 380 ppm Increased oceanic CO2 = lower oceanic pH

5. Timeline of C. gigas Larval Development Fertilization 2-cell Developmental Stage 0h 4-cell 1h hatching 2h pre-veliger 5h veliger Time Post-Fertilization 17h 24h

6. Sperm Motility Photo: A. Bruner

7. Timing of Development =380 ppm =840 ppm Proportion Eggs in Cleavage 2 hrs (>4-cell) 1 hr (2-cell)

8. Timing of Development =380 ppm =840 ppm Proportion Larvae Hatched 24 5 17

9. Timing of Development Developmental lag under OA conditions Or larvae are not developing at all Proportion Eggs in Cleavage Settlement Resource availability Optimal environmental conditions

10. Larval Morphology abnormal normal

11. Larval Calcification = calcified = partially calcified = uncalcified

12. Larval Morphology/Calcification Abnormal development at 2000 ppm Evidence of better larval performance at 380 vs. 280 ppm

13. Larval Gene Expression Environmental shifts cause changes in gene expression Develop assays to understand organism response Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) – molecular chaperone, general stress response Serine palmitoyltransferase 1 (Sptlc1) – apoptosis signaling under environmental stress pH 8.1 normal Perception of environmental change OA 7.3 abnormal

14. Larval Gene Expression: Hsp70 Stressed organisms increase Hsp70 expression Threshold of stress response Relative Expression Level

15. Larval Gene Expression: Sptlc1 OA is altering phenotype and affecting gene expression Pathway important in normal development? Relative Expression Level

16. Conclusions Ocean acidification has significant effects on C. gigas larval development and physiology More abnormal morphology Less calcification Changes in stress-related genes

17. Conclusions Adaptation to 380 ppm CO2 may not hold true for projected greater rate of change 100 years 600 ppm 250 years, 100 ppm

19. SICB student support

20. UW, SAFS student travel grant

21. Saltonstall-Kennedy Program (NOAA)

22. University of WA, SAFS

23. Steven Roberts, PI

24. Carolyn Friedman, co-PI

25. Sam White

26. EleneDorfmeier

27. Mackenzie Gavery

28. Moose O’Donnell

29. Karen Chan

30. Richard Strathmann

31. NOAA, NWFSC

32. Paul McElhany

33. Shallin Busch

34. Mike Maher

35. Jason Miller

36. Sarah Norberg

37. Andy Dittman

38. Amanda Bruner