2. 1894
Edward B. Marks and Joe Stern hired an electrician called George
Thomas alongside a selection of performers in order to promote their
song, “The Little Lost Child.”
Using a ‘magic lantern,’ Thomas created a slideshow of still images
that were projected on a screen whilst live performers played their
music.
“Illustrated song.”
3. 1902 - 1917 - The
Phonoscene
Phonoscene - chronophone sound recording synchronized to a
chronograph film. The two combined created a sound film.
Firstly, producers would record the sound. A filmed actor would then
lip sync and the two components were then played together
synchronously.
Creator - Léon Gaumont 1902 France. Presented - Buckingham
Palace 1907. Last Presentation - 1917.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-VVNO_l5bY
4. 1926 - 1959 - Talkies,
soundies and shorts
In 1926, ‘talkies’ were invented, much similar to the phonoscene.
‘Soundies’ were then created, which were around 3 minute long
musical films.
Such clips were played on ‘visual jukeboxes’ often located in
restaurants and bars that featured musicians playing as a band,
dance sequences.
Produced - New York, Chicago + Hollywood 1940’s - 1950’s.
1958 - Soundies were produced in colour film.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fq9oHhkkVV0
5. 1960 - 1973 - Pop Bands
The Animals - House of the Rising Sun - 1964 - created a high quality
colour film music video which the band lip synced to on a manmade
set. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgANuwSNsok
The Beatles - first feature film in 1964. In 1965 the band made their
own promotion clips which they starred in themselves (10 black and
white promo vids.)
The Beatles - Strawberry Fields Forever + Penny Lane - 1967 - colour
film clips.
6. 1974 - 1991 - MTV
Top of the Pops began playing music videos on TV in the later 1970s.
USA created MTV in 1998 - Video Killed the Radio Star was the first
music video ever played - from then on music videos became popular
across the nations. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W8r-tXRLazs
1983 - Michael Jackson’s Thriller was released.
1985 - MTV released VH1 (Video Hits One) which featured more
dated music in order to appeal to a wider target audience.
1988 - Hip Hop hit the music scene when Yo! MTV Raps was created.
MTV began broadcasting 24/7 music television to the public.
7. 1992 - 2004 - Worldwide
Broadcasting
During this time MTV sought to widen its
market to a global audience thus creating MTV
Latin America in 1993 and MTV India in 1996.
In 1995, Michael and Janet Jackson splashed
a whopping $7m on ‘Scream,’ which still holds
the record for the world’s most expensive
music video!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0P4A1K4lXDo
8. Present Day
Many music videos nowadays are short films in a storyboard fashion
with clips of the artist(s) as well. For example, Craig David’s Seven
Days tells a complete story of how he relives certain days in order to
rectify mistakes he makes when meeting a girl. It is an entire story.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ABuWphlnZ1A
With such a wide variety of musical genres nowadays, it can be
expected that certain genres follow specific conventions in terms of
music videos. For example, R&B and Pop music will usually feature
sex and clubs whereas alternative genres are more commonly bands
playing all together.
10. History of Ambient music
videos.
• History of Ambient/Downtempo/Worldbeat music videos.
• There is not great load of information about the history of such genre’s music videos because a lot of the songs do
not actually have music videos to accompany them.
• This could be because the genre is somewhat sheltered and obscure so the demand for videos is low as such
songs are not going to be broadcasted on the television.
• However, in 2005, Boards of Canada released on iTunes their album The Campfire Headphase. The sixth track on the
album is called Dayvan Cowboy that has a music video created in April 2006.
• Video Summary: The video consists of footage from Joe Kittinger's famous parachute jump from 19.5 miles
(31.4 km) altitude, and later slow-motion footage of big-wave surfer Laird Hamilton. The final scene of the music
video showing a sunset or sunrise is from the film Crystal Voyager. The video was directed by Melissa Olson and
has received nearly two million views on YouTube. (Wikipedia)
• Boards of Canada also have a video to accompany the song, Everything You Do is a Balloon. The clip takes extracts
from 1963 One Got Fat, a bicycle safety movie.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQEmaj9C6ko Boards of Canada, Everything You Do is a Balloon
11. History of Genres
• Ambient music aims to create a mood or atmosphere for listeners through synthesizers and ‘timbral qualities’.
• Ambient music is commonly considered to originate from the 1970s, making it a fairly new genre of music compared to other musical
styles.
• Basil Kirchin and Brian Eno are regarded to be ambient music’s main founders due to the fact that they fused elements of environmental
music with electronica.
• However, in the early 20th
century, two new art movements arose as a result of the periods before and after the First World War causing
an increase in musical experimentation. Such experiments are said to have rejected conventional music forms. The art movements were
called Futurism and Dadaism.
• Erik Satie, an early 20th
century French composer, created his own Dadaist-inspired music that he called ‘furniture music’ in which he
designed to create a mood for activities such as eating dinner. His aim was to create a background sound.
• Satie is considered the link between the early art movements and the work of Brian Eno.
• In the 70s, Eno labelled the genre, ‘ambient’. He derived the term from Latin, “ambire” which means to “surround” as such a musical
genre is created to alter an individual’s state of mind. However, ambient music is supposed to be “as ignorable as it is interesting.”
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B9kPIp4MtX0 < Brian Eno, Music for Airports
12. Downtempo Music
• Downtempo is an electronica style of music, similar to ambient but with an allowance for more
complicated beats. It is often not as intense as house and trance music but holds similar qualities.
• In the 1990s, downtempo music first originated in the relaxation rooms in clubs in Ibiza. In 1994, trip hop
emerged in Bristol, a fusion of hip hop, ambient music and drum and bass all at a lower tempo.
• The end of the 1990s, the genre name ‘downtempo’ was created as a more melodic sound evolved that
incorporated acoustic sounds with electronic sounds.
• Artist examples: Boards of Canada, Aphex Twin
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhHkUg-QCwk < Aphex Twin, Flim
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rg-iKP0zI9Q Boards of Canada, Aquarius
13. Worldbeat Music
• Worldbeat music first evolved in the mid 80s when mainstream artists began fusing world
music influences into their songs. Originally, such world music that they used would be from
Africa, Ireland, Asia, the Middle East and Latin America but nowadays influences are taken
from all across the globe.
• Worldbeat’s most successful and used influences: Celtic, Afrobeat, Mbaganga, gawwali,
highlife, rai, raga, samba, flamenco and tango.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mBAs2wTjEw8 < Enigma, Principles of Lust (Sadeness/Find
Love/Sadeness)(Reprise) Medley
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkg8Lk3nDXk Kaminanda, Conscious Droplets
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRY5mxRRBCw Desert Dwellers, Crossing Beyond (Duke
Mushroom Remix)
14. History of Digipaks
• A digipak is a ‘patented style of compact disc
or DVD packaging.’ In music, it contains the
CD itself,artist information, a track list, album
art and sometimes a little book of the lyrics in
the songs.
• It is a registered trademark of AGI-Shorewood,
an Atlas Holding LLC company.
15. History
• IMPAC Group Inc used to own the Digipak trademark
however the company is now owned by MeadWestvaco
(since 2000) and ‘folded into its AGI Media divison.’
• The digipak name and designs were then licensed to
manufacturers around the world.
• MWV sold AGI Media to Atlas Holding in 2010.
• Then, in 2012, Atlas bought Shorewood Packaging from
International Paper and proceeded to merge the two
companies to create AGI-Sherwood. (convergence!)
16. History of Posters
• The first contemporary poster (or poster as we know it)
dates back to 1870. This is the same time as the printing
industry mastered colour lithography, thus enabling ‘mass
production’.
• John Barnicoat who is a poster expert says, “In little more
than a hundred years, it has come to be recognized as a
vital art form, attracting artists at every level, from painters
like Toulouse-Lautrec and Mucha to theatrical and
commercial designers.”
17. History of Posters
• Posters have ranged in styles: Art Nouveau, Symbolism,
Cubism and Art Deco. There are also more formal posters:
Bauhaus and also hippie posters of the 1960s.
• Many famous posters date back to the war when war-time
propaganda was happening and the government wanted to
advertise the importance of everyone’s individual roles in
the war effect.
• Posters can be very influential and this is evident from the
legacy they have left behind i.e. Dig for Victory, We Need
YOU! Etc.
18. History of Posters
• Posters that just included text date back to
when Shakespeare was around – even
advertising his plays!
• The revolution of posters, however, happened
in 1796 as the technique of lithography was
invented by the German Alois Senefelder.
• Chromolithography was then invented. This
allowed for posters to be illustrated with bright,
vivid colours and also led to the production of
the in great masses.
19. History of Posters -
Music
• In terms of music advertisements, it was mainly rock
music and concerts that flourished in the world of
posters.
• The posters were/are used to advertise the events
and often even go on to become collectable items!
• Teenagers across the globe use music artist posters
to promote the fact that ‘this is their favorite band.’
They are often found in bedrooms, university dorm
rooms and apartments.
20. Present
• Posters are used in all different sorts of ways.
• Propaganda and political posters, movie
posters, travel posters, event posters i.e.
boxing, concert, band/music posters, pin-up
posters (from the 1920s), affirmation posters,
fan posters, educational posters and more.