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Sample & Assay Technologies

Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis:
From Experimental Design through Data Analysis

Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D.
Jonathan.Shaffer@qiagen.com
microRNA Technologies, R&D Americas

The products described in this webinar are intended for molecular biology applications.
These products are not intended for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of disease.
Sample & Assay Technologies

Three part webinar series
miRNA and its role in human disease

Webinar 1 :
Speaker:

Webinar 2 :
Speaker:

Webinar 3 :
Speaker:

Meeting the challenges of miRNA research:
An introduction to microRNA biogenesis, function, and analysis
Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D.

Advanced microRNA expression analysis:
From experimental design through data analysis
Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D.

Profiling miRNA expression in Cells, FFPE, and serum:
On the road to biomarker development
Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D.

Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis
Agenda

Overview
miRNA Background
miRNA expression profiling using a miScript miRNA PCR Array

How to calculate fold-change using the ∆∆CT method of relative quantification
Setting the Baseline and Threshold
Data analysis example 1: Basic Experiment
Using the free miScript miRNA PCR Array data analysis tools
Data analysis example 2: Serum miRNA Experiment

Summary of QIAGEN’s miRNA detection portfolio
Current Promotion

Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Canonical pathway of miRNA biogenesis

Transcribed by RNA Polymerase II as
a long primary transcript (pri-miRNAs),
which may contain more than one miRNA.
In the nucleus, pri-miRNAs are processed to
hairpin-like pre-miRNAs by RNAse III-like enzyme
Drosha.
Pre-miRNAs are then exported to the cytosol by
exportin 5.
In the cytosol RNAse III-like Dicer processes these
precursors to mature miRNAs.
These miRNAs are incorporated in RISC.
miRNAs with high homology to the target mRNA
lead to mRNA cleavage.
miRNAs with imperfect base pairing to the target
mRNA lead to translational repression and/or mRNA
degradation.

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Why quantify miRNAs?

HighWire + PubMed Publications

miRBase Entries

Virtually every publication includes characterization by quantification.
Changes in miRNA can be correlated with gene expression changes in development,
differentiation, signal transduction, infection, aging, and disease.

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miRNA expression profiling applications

Mechanisms of gene regulation
Developmental biology
Novel miRNA discovery
Studying miRNA–mRNA and miRNA–protein interactions
Integrative analyses of miRNAs in the context of gene
regulatory networks
Biomarkers
Tissue-based miRNA biomarkers
Tissues of unknown origin
Circulating biomarkers
Forensics
From Pritchard, C.C., et al, Nature Rev. Genet 2012, 13, 358-369
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Sample & Assay Technologies

miRNA quantification approaches

Northern blotting
Deep sequencing
Microarrays
Real-time PCR based approaches

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miRNA quantification by real-time PCR

Real-time PCR quantification of miRNAs
Has been the gold standard for gene quantification
Is the method of choice to confirm next-generation
sequencing and microarray results
Simple and easy to carry out
High sensitivity, specificity
High throughput compatible, automatable
Needs very low amounts of template

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miRNA expression profiling using real-time PCR
Key considerations

Scientific question
Well-defined and testable
Experimental sample set
Statistically meaningful number of replicates (biological replicates)
A minimum of three replicates recommended
Additional replicates may enhance statistical power
Inclusion of proper controls
Experimental testing platform
Simple, straightforward workflow
High sensitivity and specificity
When profiling expression: a variety of PCR arrays to meet your
experimental needs
Easy and simple data analysis tools
Customizable solutions
Availability of companion research tools

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript PCR System
Fully integrated, complete miRNA quantification system
1.

miScript II RT Kit
HiFlex Buffer: Unparalleled flexibility for quantification of
miRNA and mRNA from a single cDNA preparation
HiSpec Buffer: Unmatched specificity for mature
miRNA profiling

2.

miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
miRNome
Pathway-focused

3.

miScript PreAMP Kit
Optional step for small or precious samples
Full miRNome profiling from as little as 1 ng RNA

4.

Assays
miScript Primer Assays
miScript Precursor Assays
QuantiTect Primer Assays

5.

miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit
QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR Master Mix
Universal Primer

6.

miScript miRNA PCR Array data analysis software
Straightforward, free data analysis

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript II RT Kit
A complete miRNA quantification solution

miScript II RT Kit

Mature miRNA
quantification and
profiling?

Biogenesis studies?

HiFlex Buffer

HiSpec Buffer

Flexible
detection of all
RNA molecules

Patent-pending
technology for the
specific detection
of mature miRNAs

Note: Only HiSpec Buffer is recommended
for use with miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript II RT Kit
Reverse transcription using HiSpec Buffer

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miRNome miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
Leading coverage and validated assays

miRNome Arrays
Human
Mouse
Rat
Dog
Rhesus macaque
Species

Assays
(miRBase V16)

Human

940

Rat

653

Dog

277

Rhesus macaque

469 (V18)

100% validated assays
Each assay is bench validated
Each array is quality controlled
Leading miRNome coverage
Customizable

1066

Mouse

Benefits of miRNome Arrays

Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

miRBase V17 and V18 assays are
available!
Contact us if you are interest in a
different species!

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Focused miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
Biologically relevant, intelligently designed

Focused Arrays
miFinder
Cancer PathwayFinder
Brain Cancer
Breast Cancer
Ovarian Cancer
Liver miFinder – New!
Apoptosis
Cell Differentiation & Development
Immunopathology
Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity
Diabetes
Neurological Development & Disease
T-Cell & B-Cell Activation
Prostate Cancer
Cardiovascular Disease
Serum & Plasma

Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

Benefits of Focused Arrays

100% validated assays
Each assay is bench validated
Each array is quality controlled
Biological relevant and up-to-date
Customizable
Contact us if you are interest in a
different species!

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Sample & Assay Technologies

High Content (HC) miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
Targeted miRNome profiling
miFinder 384HC
Serum & Plasma 384HC
Cancer PathwayFinder 384HC
Liver miFinder 384HC – New!

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Anatomy of a miScript miRNA PCR Array
96-well Format: 84 miRNA + 12 controls

84 miRNAs

Cel-miR-39

SNORD61; SNORD68; SNORD72
SNORD95; SNORD96A; RNU6-2

miRTC

PPC

Spike in
Control

miScript PCR Controls for
Normalization

RT
Control

PCR
Control

Cel-miR-39
Alternative data normalization using exogenously spiked Syn-cel-miR-39 miScript miRNA Mimic

miScript PCR Controls
Data normalization using the ∆∆CT method of relative quantification

miRNA reverse-transcription control (miRTC)
Assessment of reverse transcription performance

Positive PCR control (PPC)
Assessment of PCR performance

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript PCR Controls
Stable expression and excellent amplification efficiencies
Tissue Expression

35

Mean CT

30

SNORD61
SNORD68

25

SNORD72

20

SNORD95

15

SNORD96A
RNU6-2

10
5
Brain

Kidney

Liver

Lung

Skeletal
Muscle

Testis

Thymus

Amplification Efficiencies
Primer

Hsa

Mmu

Rno

Cfa

Mml

SNORD61

103

99

95

99

101

SNORD68

101

100

93

97

99

SNORD72

94

100

93

91

97

SNORD95

102

103

98

100

106

SNORD96A

102

95

95

92

104

RNU6-2

98

98

95

99

103

Highly conserved across multiple species
Human, Mouse, Rat, Dog, Rhesus macaque
Relatively stable expression in many tissues
Amplification efficiencies of these assays are 100%
Consistent performance in both HiSpec and HiFlex Buffers
Ideal normalizers for ∆∆CT method of relative quantification

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
Formats built to fit your cycler AND your experiment

96-well

384-well

384-well (4 x 96)

Rotor-Disc 100

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
Compatible with a wide range of instruments

96-Well: 7000, 7300, 7500, 7700, 7900HT, ViiA 7
FAST 96-Well: 7500, 7900HT, Step One Plus, ViiA 7
FAST 384-Well: 7900HT, ViiA 7

iCycler, MyiQ, MyiQ2, iQ5, CFX96, CFX384
Opticon, Opticon 2, Chromo 4

Mastercycler ep realplex 2/2S/4/4S

LightCycler 480

Mx3000p, Mx3005p, Mx4000p

TP-800

RotorGene Q

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
QIAGEN PCR Array Service Core

Send your samples and receive results!

Total RNA Isolation: miRNeasy Kits
Reverse Transcription: miScript II RT Kit
qPCR: miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
Data analysis included!

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miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
Rapid Workflow = Robust, Reproducible Performance
1st Time Array User
1 hour
HiSpec Buffer

2 minutes

30
Mean CT: Biological Replicate 2

Sample & Assay Technologies

25

20

y = 1.0075x + 0.2891

2 hours

2

R = 0.989
15
15

20

25

30

Mean CT: Biological Replicate 1

15 minutes

Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

Total HeLa S3 (miRNeasy)
Pellet 1: Frozen June 2010
Pellet 2: Frozen April 2011
HiSpec Buffered cDNA
miScript real-time PCR
miFinder miScript miRNA PCR Array
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Sample & Assay Technologies

Real-time PCR data analysis

Absolute quantification
Absolute input copies, based on a standard curve

Relative quantification
Comparative CT method: also known as the 2-∆∆CT method
Selection of internal control
Selection of calibrator (e.g. untreated control or normal
sample)
Assumes that the PCR efficiency of the target gene is
similar to the internal control gene (and that the efficiency
of the PCR is close to 100%)
Fold change = 2-∆∆CT
CT = 23.8

– ∆CT = CTGene - CTNormalizer
– ∆∆CT = ∆CT (sample 2) – ∆CT (sample 1) where sample 1
is the control sample and sample 2 is the experimental
sample

(1)

Schmittgen TD, Livak KJ.(2008):Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protoc.;3(6):1101-8

(2)

Livak, KJ, and Schmittgen, TD.(2001): Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2-∆∆CT Method
METHODS 25, 402–408

(3)

www.Gene-Quantification.info

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Data analysis workflow

Steps 1 & 2:
Set Baseline and Threshold to determine CT values

Step 3:
Export CT values

Step 4:
Analyze data using ∆∆CT method of relative quantification

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Steps 1 & 2
Set Baseline and Threshold to determine CT values

Baseline
Definition: Noise level in early cycles where there is no detectable increase in
fluorescence due to PCR products.
How to Set:
–
–
–
–

Observe amplification plot using the “Linear View”
Determine the earliest visible amplification
Set the baseline from cycle 2 to 2 cycles before the earliest visible amplification
Note: The number of cycles used to calculate the baseline can be changed and should be
reduced if high template amounts are used

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Steps 1 & 2
Set Baseline and Threshold to determine CT values

Threshold
Purpose: Used to determine the CT (threshold cycle) value. The point at which
the amplification curve intersects with the threshold line is called the CT.
How to Set:
– Observe amplification plot using the “Log View”
– Place the threshold in the lower half of the log-linear range of the amplification plot, above
the background signal
– Note: Never set the threshold in the plateau phase

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Setting the Baseline and Threshold
Applied Biosystems® 7900HT

Baseline: 3 to 15

Threshold: 0.2

Baseline: From cycle 2 (or 3) to 2 cycles before the earliest visible amplification.
Threshold: Place in the lower half of the log-linear range of the amplification plot,
above the background signal.
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Sample & Assay Technologies

Setting the Baseline and Threshold
QIAGEN Rotor-Gene® Q

Baseline

Threshold: 0.02

Always select “Dynamic Tube”
Potentially select “Slope Correct”
and/or “Ignore First”

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript miRNA PCR Arrays on Roche® LightCycler® 480
Use the Second Derivative Maximum analysis method

Select Second Derivative Maximum
analysis method

Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

Obtain CT Values

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Step 3: Export CT values

Normal Lung

40

36

32

32

28

28
CT Value

36

CT Value

Lung Tumor

40

24
20

24
20
16

16
12

FFPE Isolation 1

12

FFPE Isolation 2

8

FFPE Isolation 1
FFPE Isolation 2

8

FFPE Isolation 3

FFPE Isolation 3

4

4
1

7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73

1

7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73

One 5 µM FFPE section used per FFPE isolation
Each isolation is from a different section
On average, each isolation provided enough total RNA for:
– Two full human miRNome profiles
– Ten pathway-focused PCR arrays

RT: 125 ng total RNA, HiSpec Buffer
qPCR: Human miFinder miScript miRNA PCR Array (0.5 ng cDNA per well)

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Step 4: Analyze data
∆∆CT method of relative quantification

Normal (N) Lung Total RNA
N cDNA (Iso. 1)

N cDNA (Iso. 2)

Lung Tumor (T) total RNA

N cDNA (Iso. 3)

Exported CT values

T cDNA (Iso. 1)

Calculate ∆CT
for each miRNA
on each array

∆CT = CTmiRNA – AVG CTSN1/2/3/4/5/6

T cDNA (Iso. 2)

T cDNA (Iso. 3)

Exported CT values

∆CT = CTmiRNA – AVG CTSN1/2/3/4/5/6

Tip for choosing an appropriate snoRNA/snRNA controls for normalization
Make sure that the selected controls are not influenced by the experimental conditions

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Step 4: Analyze data (cont.)
∆∆CT method of relative quantification

Normal (N) Lung

Lung Tumor (T)
Calculate ∆CT
for each miRNA
on each array

∆CT

∆CT

∆CT

∆CT

∆CT

∆CT

Calculate Average
∆CT for each miRNA
within group (N or T)

∆CT + ∆CT + ∆CT

∆CT + ∆CT + ∆CT

3

3
Calculate ∆∆CT for
each miRNA
between groups
(T – N)

∆∆CT = Avg. ∆CT (T) – Avg. ∆CT (N)
Calculate fold-change for each miRNA (T vs. N)

2-(∆∆CT)
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Sample & Assay Technologies

Step 4: Analyze data (cont.)
∆∆CT method of relative quantification
Fold-Regulation: Tumor vs. Normal

Log2 Fold-Regulation (Tumor vs. Normal)

14
10
6
2
-2
-6
-10
-14

Significant differences exist between the mature miRNA
expression levels of the two tissue types

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript’s straightforward, data analysis workflow
Incorporating the free miScript miRNA PCR Array Data
Analysis Software

Steps 1 & 2:
Set Baseline and Threshold to determine CT values

Step 3:
Export CT values

Step 4:
Access the free data analysis tools at
http://pcrdataanalysis.sabiosciences.com/mirna

Step 5 & on:
Automatic data using ∆∆CT method of relative quantification

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Steps 1 & 2
Set Baseline and Threshold to determine CT values

Baseline
Definition: Noise level in early cycles where there is no detectable increase in
fluorescence due to PCR products.
How to Set:
–
–
–
–

Observe amplification plot using the “Linear View”
Determine the earliest visible amplification
Set the baseline from cycle 2 to 2 cycles before the earliest visible amplification
Note: The number of cycles used to calculate the baseline can be changed and should be
reduced if high template amounts are used

Threshold
Purpose: Used to determine the CT (threshold cycle) value. The point at which
the amplification curve intersects with the threshold line is called the CT.
How to Set:
– Observe amplification plot using the “Log View”
– Place the threshold in the lower half of the log-linear range of the amplification plot, above
the background signal
– Note: Never set the threshold in the plateau phase

Important: Ensure that baseline and threshold settings are the same across all PCR
runs in the same analysis to allow comparison of results.

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Steps 3 & 4
Export CT values and access free analysis tools

Export CT values according to the manual supplied with the real-time PCR
instrument
Access the free miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Tools
Website: http://sabiosciences.com/mirnaArrayDataAnalysis.php
– Web-based

– Excel-based

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Step 5: Automatic data analysis
miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Tools

Web-based software
No installation needed
Tailored for each array

Raw CT values to fold-change results
Using ∆∆CT Method

Multiple Analysis Formats
Scatter Plot
Volcano Plot
Multi-Group Plot
Clustergram

Downloadable Excel analysis templates are also available
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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis
Step 5A

Website dedicated for array data analysis
http://pcrdataanalysis.sabiosciences.com/mirna

1. Choose Catalog Number

2. Upload exported CT values
3. Click Upload

Upload Readout Tab
This tab includes:
Uploading instructions
Data normalization instructions
Instructions that walk you through the data analysis
(right side of ‘Upload Readout’ Tab – not shown on
this image)
You can also Take a Test Run or Play Movie
Guide for help with using the software

What should you do at this page?
1.
2.
3.

Choose array catalog number from ‘Catalog
Number’ dropdown menu
Upload exported CT values from computer
Click Upload
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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis
Step 5B

Readout Tab

Basic Setup

3. Click Update All Changes
1. Choose ‘Control Genes’

This tab includes:
All miRNAs and controls found on
chosen array
Column where Normalization RNA
(control gene) can be selected
All CT data uploaded to software

2. Designate CT values
column groups

What should you do at this page?
1.

2.
3.

Click boxes next to desired ‘Control
Genes’ (miScript PCR Controls are
pre-selected)
Designate columns of CT values as
Control, Group 1, Group 2, etc.
Click ‘Update All Changes’

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis
Step 5C
Readout Tab

View Housekeeping Genes

Choose ‘Normalized By’

Readout Tab
View Housekeeping
Genes, Data Overview, & Data QC
View Housekeeping Genes Tab
Selected ‘Control Genes’ can be
visualized and method of normalization
can be chosen

Data Overview Tab
This tab provides an overview of all
∆∆CT calculations performed by the
software

Readout Tab

Data QC

Data QC Tab
This tab provides an overview of QC
data associated with the miRTC
(reverse transcription control) and PPC
(positive PCR control)

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis
Step 5D

Analysis Result Tab: this tab provides an overview of all ∆∆CT related calculations and
provides a guide for you regarding the trust that you should place in your data (see red arrow)

Comments on
data quality

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis
Step 5E

Scatter Plot, Volcano Plot, Clustergram, and Multigroup Plot Tabs: When clicked, these tabs
provide various statistical outputs that will open as new windows. The scatter plot is included as
an example.

Scatter Plot

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Sample & Assay Technologies

miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis
Step 5F

Export Data Tab: When clicked, results calculated by the miScript miRNA PCR
Array Data Analysis software can be exported to Microsoft Excel.

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Serum Sample analysis using the miScript PCR System

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Workflow: Serum & plasma miRNA expression profiling

1. Collect whole blood and separate serum or plasma
2. Recommended starting amount of serum or plasma: 100–200 µl
Note: If starting with 50 µl (or less) of serum or plasma, incorporate preamplification
3. Isolate RNA: miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit + miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Spike-in Control
4. Reverse transcription: Perform miScript II RT reaction (using HiSpec Buffer)
Per intended 384-well plate, reverse transcribe 1.5 µl RNA eluate (1/10th prep)
5. (Optional) Preamplification: If the starting amount of serum or plasma is 50 µl (or less),
perform preamplification using the miScript PreAMP PCR Kit
6. Real-time PCR: Profile miRNA expression using chosen miScript miRNA PCR Array
Array recommendations:
– miRNome miScript miRNA PCR Array
– Serum & Plasma 384HC miScript miRNA PCR Array
– Serum & Plasma miScript miRNA PCR Array

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Biomarker discovery workflow
Concept
Phase I (determined expressed miRNAs):
Pooled sample profiling,
Maximal Assays (miRNome or 384HC)

Phase II (determine differentially expressed miRNAs):
Individual profiling of samples (that went into pools),
Only Expressed miRNAs (< 384-well plate)

Phase III (statistical power):
Individual profiling of all samples in study,
Differentially Expressed miRNAs from Phase II (multiple samples per 384-well plate)

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Special data analysis case
Serum & Plasma Samples

Serum or plasma total RNA samples: The snoRNA/snRNA panel of
targets does not exhibit robust expression and therefore should not be
selected as Normalization Controls.
Typical CT Values for miScript PCR Controls in Serum Samples
Control

Serum Sample 1

Serum Sample 2

Serum Sample 3

SNORD61

36.3

34.3

35.8

SNORD68

34.6

35.0

35.3

SNORD72

35.0

35.0

35.0

SNORD95

31.1

39.3

33.5

SNORD96A

33.6

34.5

35.4

RNU6-2

37.9

39.1

35.0

Step 1: Calibrate samples using cel-miR-39 CT mean
Step 2: Normalize serum or plasma sample data
Option 1: Normalize CT values to CT mean of all commonly expressed miRNAs
Option 2: Normalize CT values to CT mean of invariant miRNAs

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Anatomy of a miScript miRNA PCR Array
96-well Format: 84 miRNA + 12 controls

84 miRNAs

Cel-miR-39

SNORD61; SNORD68; SNORD72
SNORD95; SNORD96A; RNU6-2

miRTC

PPC

Spike in
Control

miScript PCR Controls for
Normalization

RT
Control

PCR
Control

Cel-miR-39
Alternative data normalization using exogenously spiked Syn-cel-miR-39 miScript miRNA Mimic

miScript PCR Controls
Data normalization using the ∆∆CT method of relative quantification

miRNA reverse-transcription control (miRTC)
Assessment of reverse transcription performance

Positive PCR control (PPC)
Assessment of PCR performance

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Serum or plasma sample data normalization

Sample & Assay Technologies

Calibrate samples using cel-miR-39 CT mean
Uncalibrated
Assay

Sample 1

Sample 2

hsa-miR-16

16.0

19.0

hsa-miR-21

20.0

24.0

hsa-miR-192

23.0

26.0

hsa-miR-103

23.0

23.0

hsa-miR-25

22.0

25.0

cel-miR-39

18.0

21.0

Compared to sample 1, all assays in sample 2 appear to have delayed CT values
Compared to sample 1, cel-miR-39 in sample 2 also has a delayed CT value
Conclusion: calibrate samples (cel-miR-39 CT values indicate a differential recovery)

Calibrated (Sample 1 CT values +3)
Assay

Sample 1

Sample 2

hsa-miR-16

19.0

19.0

hsa-miR-21

23.0

24.0

hsa-miR-192

26.0

26.0

hsa-miR-103

26.0

23.0

hsa-miR-25

25.0

25.0

cel-miR-39

21.0

21.0

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Serum or plasma sample data normalization
Option 1: CT values normalized to CT mean of expressed miRNAs

Calculate the CT mean for commonly expressed miRNAs
Those miRNAs with CT values < 30 (or 32, or 35) in all assessed samples
12

Fold-Regulation

8

4

0

-4

-8

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Serum or plasma sample data normalization
Option 2: CT values normalized to CT mean of invariant miRNAs

Calculate the CT mean for invariant miRNAs
Choose at least 4 to 6 miRNAs that exhibit little CT variation
12

Commonly Expressed miRNAs
hsa-miR-92a

hsa-let-7c

hsa-miR-93

hsa-miR-21

hsa-miR-103a

hsa-miR-22

hsa-miR-126

hsa-miR-23a

hsa-miR-145

hsa-miR-24

hsa-miR-146a

hsa-miR-25

hsa-miR-191

hsa-miR-26a

hsa-miR-222

hsa-miR-26b

8
Fold-Regulation

hsa-let-7a

hsa-miR-423-5p

4

0

-4

-8

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Serum or plasma sample data normalization
Comparison of normalization methods

Option 1:
Commonly Expressed miRNAs

Option 2:
Invariant Panel of miRNAs

(miRNome, 384HC)

(small panel screening)

8
Fold-Regulation

12

8
Fold-Regulation

12

4

0

4

0

-4

-4

-8

-8

Note 1: In this example, fold-regulation looks highly similar, irrespective of the
chosen normalization method. This is correct, as your results should be
independent of the chosen normalization method.
Note 2: For small panel screening, do not use a CT mean of all miRNAs, as this
array is biased (miRNA assays included on this array are not random)

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Sample & Assay Technologies

Serum or plasma sample data normalization
miRNA expression profiling
2-∆CT: Breast Cancer vs. Normal

Normal Serum

1.E+01

30
26
22
Serum Isolation 1

18

Serum Isolation 2
Serum Isolation 3

1.E-01
1.E-02
miR-34a

1.E-03
1.E-04
1.E-05
1.E+01

200 µl serum
50 µl total RNA 5 µl total RNA, HiSpec Buffer
miFinder miScript miRNA PCR Array

1.E+00

Workflow

-∆CT

1.E-01

2

1.E-02

1.E-03

miRNA

1.E-04

6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61

1.E-05

14
1

1.E+00

2

CT Value

34

-∆CT

: Breast Cancer Serum

38

: Normal Serum

one-half of cDNA used for 96-well

High reproducibility can be achieved using the miRNeasy Supplementary Protocol
Each isolation was from a different normal serum donor

Significant differences exist between the mature miRNA expression levels of the two tissue
types
± 2-fold [red lines] used as a cutoff for significance
Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

52
Sample & Assay Technologies

Where can I find miScript miRNA PCR Arrays?
www.sabiosciences.com/mirna_pcr_array.php

miRNA Overview
miScript PCR System
miScript miRNA PCR Arrays
Products for functional studies
miRNA purification options
Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

53
Sample & Assay Technologies

Where can I find miScript Primer Assays?
www.qiagen.com/GeneGlobe

Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

54
Sample & Assay Technologies

QIAGEN’s miRNA portfolio
Your miRNA workflow, from sample to results!

Quantification
and profiling

miRNeasy Mini Kit, miRNeasy Micro Kit
miRNeasy 96 Kit
miRNeasy FFPE Kit
miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit

Profiling

Isolation

Functionalization

miScript II RT Kit and PreAMP Kit

HiPerFect Transfection Reagent

miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit

Attractene Transfection Reagent

miScript miRNA PCR Arrays

miScript miRNA Mimics

miScript miRNA Data Analysis Tool

miScript miRNA Inhibitors

PAXgene Tissue miRNA Kit

miScript Primer Assay

Custom miScript miRNA Mimics

PAXgene Blood miRNA Kit

miScript Precursor Assay

miScript Target Protector

Supplementary protocol for miRNA from
Plasma and Serum

miScript PCR Starter Kit

miScript miRNA Inhibitor 96 and 384
Plates and Sets

QIAGEN Service Core

QIAcube
Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

QIAgility

Rotor-Gene Q
55
Sample & Assay Technologies

Upcoming webinars
Experimental Setup and miRNA Profiling webinars

Webinar 3: Profiling miRNA expression:
on the road to biomarker
development
Date:

April 24, 2013, 9:30 am EDT

Speaker:

Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D.

Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

56
Sample & Assay Technologies

Thank you for attending

Technical Support Contact Information
Monday through Friday
8:00AM to 6:00PM EST
Direct Phone: 888-503-3187
E-Mail: support@sabiosciences.com

http://www.sabiosciences.com/promotion/miscriptdemo.php
57
Sample & Assay Technologies

Questions?
Thank you for attending today’s webinar!

Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D.
Jonathan.Shaffer@qiagen.com
microRNA Technologies, R&D Americas

Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis

58

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Mi rna part ii_2013

  • 1. Sample & Assay Technologies Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis: From Experimental Design through Data Analysis Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D. Jonathan.Shaffer@qiagen.com microRNA Technologies, R&D Americas The products described in this webinar are intended for molecular biology applications. These products are not intended for the diagnosis, prevention or treatment of disease.
  • 2. Sample & Assay Technologies Three part webinar series miRNA and its role in human disease Webinar 1 : Speaker: Webinar 2 : Speaker: Webinar 3 : Speaker: Meeting the challenges of miRNA research: An introduction to microRNA biogenesis, function, and analysis Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D. Advanced microRNA expression analysis: From experimental design through data analysis Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D. Profiling miRNA expression in Cells, FFPE, and serum: On the road to biomarker development Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D. Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 2
  • 3. Sample & Assay Technologies Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis Agenda Overview miRNA Background miRNA expression profiling using a miScript miRNA PCR Array How to calculate fold-change using the ∆∆CT method of relative quantification Setting the Baseline and Threshold Data analysis example 1: Basic Experiment Using the free miScript miRNA PCR Array data analysis tools Data analysis example 2: Serum miRNA Experiment Summary of QIAGEN’s miRNA detection portfolio Current Promotion Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 3
  • 4. Sample & Assay Technologies Canonical pathway of miRNA biogenesis Transcribed by RNA Polymerase II as a long primary transcript (pri-miRNAs), which may contain more than one miRNA. In the nucleus, pri-miRNAs are processed to hairpin-like pre-miRNAs by RNAse III-like enzyme Drosha. Pre-miRNAs are then exported to the cytosol by exportin 5. In the cytosol RNAse III-like Dicer processes these precursors to mature miRNAs. These miRNAs are incorporated in RISC. miRNAs with high homology to the target mRNA lead to mRNA cleavage. miRNAs with imperfect base pairing to the target mRNA lead to translational repression and/or mRNA degradation. Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 4
  • 5. Sample & Assay Technologies Why quantify miRNAs? HighWire + PubMed Publications miRBase Entries Virtually every publication includes characterization by quantification. Changes in miRNA can be correlated with gene expression changes in development, differentiation, signal transduction, infection, aging, and disease. Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 5
  • 6. Sample & Assay Technologies miRNA expression profiling applications Mechanisms of gene regulation Developmental biology Novel miRNA discovery Studying miRNA–mRNA and miRNA–protein interactions Integrative analyses of miRNAs in the context of gene regulatory networks Biomarkers Tissue-based miRNA biomarkers Tissues of unknown origin Circulating biomarkers Forensics From Pritchard, C.C., et al, Nature Rev. Genet 2012, 13, 358-369 Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 6
  • 7. Sample & Assay Technologies miRNA quantification approaches Northern blotting Deep sequencing Microarrays Real-time PCR based approaches Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 7
  • 8. Sample & Assay Technologies miRNA quantification by real-time PCR Real-time PCR quantification of miRNAs Has been the gold standard for gene quantification Is the method of choice to confirm next-generation sequencing and microarray results Simple and easy to carry out High sensitivity, specificity High throughput compatible, automatable Needs very low amounts of template Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 8
  • 9. Sample & Assay Technologies miRNA expression profiling using real-time PCR Key considerations Scientific question Well-defined and testable Experimental sample set Statistically meaningful number of replicates (biological replicates) A minimum of three replicates recommended Additional replicates may enhance statistical power Inclusion of proper controls Experimental testing platform Simple, straightforward workflow High sensitivity and specificity When profiling expression: a variety of PCR arrays to meet your experimental needs Easy and simple data analysis tools Customizable solutions Availability of companion research tools Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 9
  • 10. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript PCR System Fully integrated, complete miRNA quantification system 1. miScript II RT Kit HiFlex Buffer: Unparalleled flexibility for quantification of miRNA and mRNA from a single cDNA preparation HiSpec Buffer: Unmatched specificity for mature miRNA profiling 2. miScript miRNA PCR Arrays miRNome Pathway-focused 3. miScript PreAMP Kit Optional step for small or precious samples Full miRNome profiling from as little as 1 ng RNA 4. Assays miScript Primer Assays miScript Precursor Assays QuantiTect Primer Assays 5. miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR Master Mix Universal Primer 6. miScript miRNA PCR Array data analysis software Straightforward, free data analysis Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 10
  • 11. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript II RT Kit A complete miRNA quantification solution miScript II RT Kit Mature miRNA quantification and profiling? Biogenesis studies? HiFlex Buffer HiSpec Buffer Flexible detection of all RNA molecules Patent-pending technology for the specific detection of mature miRNAs Note: Only HiSpec Buffer is recommended for use with miScript miRNA PCR Arrays Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 11
  • 12. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript II RT Kit Reverse transcription using HiSpec Buffer Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 12
  • 13. Sample & Assay Technologies miRNome miScript miRNA PCR Arrays Leading coverage and validated assays miRNome Arrays Human Mouse Rat Dog Rhesus macaque Species Assays (miRBase V16) Human 940 Rat 653 Dog 277 Rhesus macaque 469 (V18) 100% validated assays Each assay is bench validated Each array is quality controlled Leading miRNome coverage Customizable 1066 Mouse Benefits of miRNome Arrays Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis miRBase V17 and V18 assays are available! Contact us if you are interest in a different species! 13
  • 14. Sample & Assay Technologies Focused miScript miRNA PCR Arrays Biologically relevant, intelligently designed Focused Arrays miFinder Cancer PathwayFinder Brain Cancer Breast Cancer Ovarian Cancer Liver miFinder – New! Apoptosis Cell Differentiation & Development Immunopathology Inflammatory Response & Autoimmunity Diabetes Neurological Development & Disease T-Cell & B-Cell Activation Prostate Cancer Cardiovascular Disease Serum & Plasma Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis Benefits of Focused Arrays 100% validated assays Each assay is bench validated Each array is quality controlled Biological relevant and up-to-date Customizable Contact us if you are interest in a different species! 14
  • 15. Sample & Assay Technologies High Content (HC) miScript miRNA PCR Arrays Targeted miRNome profiling miFinder 384HC Serum & Plasma 384HC Cancer PathwayFinder 384HC Liver miFinder 384HC – New! Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 15
  • 16. Sample & Assay Technologies Anatomy of a miScript miRNA PCR Array 96-well Format: 84 miRNA + 12 controls 84 miRNAs Cel-miR-39 SNORD61; SNORD68; SNORD72 SNORD95; SNORD96A; RNU6-2 miRTC PPC Spike in Control miScript PCR Controls for Normalization RT Control PCR Control Cel-miR-39 Alternative data normalization using exogenously spiked Syn-cel-miR-39 miScript miRNA Mimic miScript PCR Controls Data normalization using the ∆∆CT method of relative quantification miRNA reverse-transcription control (miRTC) Assessment of reverse transcription performance Positive PCR control (PPC) Assessment of PCR performance Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 16
  • 17. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript PCR Controls Stable expression and excellent amplification efficiencies Tissue Expression 35 Mean CT 30 SNORD61 SNORD68 25 SNORD72 20 SNORD95 15 SNORD96A RNU6-2 10 5 Brain Kidney Liver Lung Skeletal Muscle Testis Thymus Amplification Efficiencies Primer Hsa Mmu Rno Cfa Mml SNORD61 103 99 95 99 101 SNORD68 101 100 93 97 99 SNORD72 94 100 93 91 97 SNORD95 102 103 98 100 106 SNORD96A 102 95 95 92 104 RNU6-2 98 98 95 99 103 Highly conserved across multiple species Human, Mouse, Rat, Dog, Rhesus macaque Relatively stable expression in many tissues Amplification efficiencies of these assays are 100% Consistent performance in both HiSpec and HiFlex Buffers Ideal normalizers for ∆∆CT method of relative quantification Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 17
  • 18. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript miRNA PCR Arrays Formats built to fit your cycler AND your experiment 96-well 384-well 384-well (4 x 96) Rotor-Disc 100 Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 18
  • 19. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript miRNA PCR Arrays Compatible with a wide range of instruments 96-Well: 7000, 7300, 7500, 7700, 7900HT, ViiA 7 FAST 96-Well: 7500, 7900HT, Step One Plus, ViiA 7 FAST 384-Well: 7900HT, ViiA 7 iCycler, MyiQ, MyiQ2, iQ5, CFX96, CFX384 Opticon, Opticon 2, Chromo 4 Mastercycler ep realplex 2/2S/4/4S LightCycler 480 Mx3000p, Mx3005p, Mx4000p TP-800 RotorGene Q Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 19
  • 20. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript miRNA PCR Arrays QIAGEN PCR Array Service Core Send your samples and receive results! Total RNA Isolation: miRNeasy Kits Reverse Transcription: miScript II RT Kit qPCR: miScript miRNA PCR Arrays Data analysis included! Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 20
  • 21. miScript miRNA PCR Arrays Rapid Workflow = Robust, Reproducible Performance 1st Time Array User 1 hour HiSpec Buffer 2 minutes 30 Mean CT: Biological Replicate 2 Sample & Assay Technologies 25 20 y = 1.0075x + 0.2891 2 hours 2 R = 0.989 15 15 20 25 30 Mean CT: Biological Replicate 1 15 minutes Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis Total HeLa S3 (miRNeasy) Pellet 1: Frozen June 2010 Pellet 2: Frozen April 2011 HiSpec Buffered cDNA miScript real-time PCR miFinder miScript miRNA PCR Array 21
  • 22. Sample & Assay Technologies Real-time PCR data analysis Absolute quantification Absolute input copies, based on a standard curve Relative quantification Comparative CT method: also known as the 2-∆∆CT method Selection of internal control Selection of calibrator (e.g. untreated control or normal sample) Assumes that the PCR efficiency of the target gene is similar to the internal control gene (and that the efficiency of the PCR is close to 100%) Fold change = 2-∆∆CT CT = 23.8 – ∆CT = CTGene - CTNormalizer – ∆∆CT = ∆CT (sample 2) – ∆CT (sample 1) where sample 1 is the control sample and sample 2 is the experimental sample (1) Schmittgen TD, Livak KJ.(2008):Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protoc.;3(6):1101-8 (2) Livak, KJ, and Schmittgen, TD.(2001): Analysis of Relative Gene Expression Data Using Real-Time Quantitative PCR and the 2-∆∆CT Method METHODS 25, 402–408 (3) www.Gene-Quantification.info Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 22
  • 23. Sample & Assay Technologies Data analysis workflow Steps 1 & 2: Set Baseline and Threshold to determine CT values Step 3: Export CT values Step 4: Analyze data using ∆∆CT method of relative quantification Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 23
  • 24. Sample & Assay Technologies Steps 1 & 2 Set Baseline and Threshold to determine CT values Baseline Definition: Noise level in early cycles where there is no detectable increase in fluorescence due to PCR products. How to Set: – – – – Observe amplification plot using the “Linear View” Determine the earliest visible amplification Set the baseline from cycle 2 to 2 cycles before the earliest visible amplification Note: The number of cycles used to calculate the baseline can be changed and should be reduced if high template amounts are used Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 24
  • 25. Sample & Assay Technologies Steps 1 & 2 Set Baseline and Threshold to determine CT values Threshold Purpose: Used to determine the CT (threshold cycle) value. The point at which the amplification curve intersects with the threshold line is called the CT. How to Set: – Observe amplification plot using the “Log View” – Place the threshold in the lower half of the log-linear range of the amplification plot, above the background signal – Note: Never set the threshold in the plateau phase Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 25
  • 26. Sample & Assay Technologies Setting the Baseline and Threshold Applied Biosystems® 7900HT Baseline: 3 to 15 Threshold: 0.2 Baseline: From cycle 2 (or 3) to 2 cycles before the earliest visible amplification. Threshold: Place in the lower half of the log-linear range of the amplification plot, above the background signal. Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 26
  • 27. Sample & Assay Technologies Setting the Baseline and Threshold QIAGEN Rotor-Gene® Q Baseline Threshold: 0.02 Always select “Dynamic Tube” Potentially select “Slope Correct” and/or “Ignore First” Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 27
  • 28. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript miRNA PCR Arrays on Roche® LightCycler® 480 Use the Second Derivative Maximum analysis method Select Second Derivative Maximum analysis method Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis Obtain CT Values 28
  • 29. Sample & Assay Technologies Step 3: Export CT values Normal Lung 40 36 32 32 28 28 CT Value 36 CT Value Lung Tumor 40 24 20 24 20 16 16 12 FFPE Isolation 1 12 FFPE Isolation 2 8 FFPE Isolation 1 FFPE Isolation 2 8 FFPE Isolation 3 FFPE Isolation 3 4 4 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 1 7 13 19 25 31 37 43 49 55 61 67 73 One 5 µM FFPE section used per FFPE isolation Each isolation is from a different section On average, each isolation provided enough total RNA for: – Two full human miRNome profiles – Ten pathway-focused PCR arrays RT: 125 ng total RNA, HiSpec Buffer qPCR: Human miFinder miScript miRNA PCR Array (0.5 ng cDNA per well) Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 29
  • 30. Sample & Assay Technologies Step 4: Analyze data ∆∆CT method of relative quantification Normal (N) Lung Total RNA N cDNA (Iso. 1) N cDNA (Iso. 2) Lung Tumor (T) total RNA N cDNA (Iso. 3) Exported CT values T cDNA (Iso. 1) Calculate ∆CT for each miRNA on each array ∆CT = CTmiRNA – AVG CTSN1/2/3/4/5/6 T cDNA (Iso. 2) T cDNA (Iso. 3) Exported CT values ∆CT = CTmiRNA – AVG CTSN1/2/3/4/5/6 Tip for choosing an appropriate snoRNA/snRNA controls for normalization Make sure that the selected controls are not influenced by the experimental conditions Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 30
  • 31. Sample & Assay Technologies Step 4: Analyze data (cont.) ∆∆CT method of relative quantification Normal (N) Lung Lung Tumor (T) Calculate ∆CT for each miRNA on each array ∆CT ∆CT ∆CT ∆CT ∆CT ∆CT Calculate Average ∆CT for each miRNA within group (N or T) ∆CT + ∆CT + ∆CT ∆CT + ∆CT + ∆CT 3 3 Calculate ∆∆CT for each miRNA between groups (T – N) ∆∆CT = Avg. ∆CT (T) – Avg. ∆CT (N) Calculate fold-change for each miRNA (T vs. N) 2-(∆∆CT) Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 31
  • 32. Sample & Assay Technologies Step 4: Analyze data (cont.) ∆∆CT method of relative quantification Fold-Regulation: Tumor vs. Normal Log2 Fold-Regulation (Tumor vs. Normal) 14 10 6 2 -2 -6 -10 -14 Significant differences exist between the mature miRNA expression levels of the two tissue types Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 32
  • 33. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript’s straightforward, data analysis workflow Incorporating the free miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Software Steps 1 & 2: Set Baseline and Threshold to determine CT values Step 3: Export CT values Step 4: Access the free data analysis tools at http://pcrdataanalysis.sabiosciences.com/mirna Step 5 & on: Automatic data using ∆∆CT method of relative quantification Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 33
  • 34. Sample & Assay Technologies Steps 1 & 2 Set Baseline and Threshold to determine CT values Baseline Definition: Noise level in early cycles where there is no detectable increase in fluorescence due to PCR products. How to Set: – – – – Observe amplification plot using the “Linear View” Determine the earliest visible amplification Set the baseline from cycle 2 to 2 cycles before the earliest visible amplification Note: The number of cycles used to calculate the baseline can be changed and should be reduced if high template amounts are used Threshold Purpose: Used to determine the CT (threshold cycle) value. The point at which the amplification curve intersects with the threshold line is called the CT. How to Set: – Observe amplification plot using the “Log View” – Place the threshold in the lower half of the log-linear range of the amplification plot, above the background signal – Note: Never set the threshold in the plateau phase Important: Ensure that baseline and threshold settings are the same across all PCR runs in the same analysis to allow comparison of results. Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 34
  • 35. Sample & Assay Technologies Steps 3 & 4 Export CT values and access free analysis tools Export CT values according to the manual supplied with the real-time PCR instrument Access the free miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Tools Website: http://sabiosciences.com/mirnaArrayDataAnalysis.php – Web-based – Excel-based Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 35
  • 36. Sample & Assay Technologies Step 5: Automatic data analysis miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Tools Web-based software No installation needed Tailored for each array Raw CT values to fold-change results Using ∆∆CT Method Multiple Analysis Formats Scatter Plot Volcano Plot Multi-Group Plot Clustergram Downloadable Excel analysis templates are also available Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 36
  • 37. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Step 5A Website dedicated for array data analysis http://pcrdataanalysis.sabiosciences.com/mirna 1. Choose Catalog Number 2. Upload exported CT values 3. Click Upload Upload Readout Tab This tab includes: Uploading instructions Data normalization instructions Instructions that walk you through the data analysis (right side of ‘Upload Readout’ Tab – not shown on this image) You can also Take a Test Run or Play Movie Guide for help with using the software What should you do at this page? 1. 2. 3. Choose array catalog number from ‘Catalog Number’ dropdown menu Upload exported CT values from computer Click Upload Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 37
  • 38. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Step 5B Readout Tab Basic Setup 3. Click Update All Changes 1. Choose ‘Control Genes’ This tab includes: All miRNAs and controls found on chosen array Column where Normalization RNA (control gene) can be selected All CT data uploaded to software 2. Designate CT values column groups What should you do at this page? 1. 2. 3. Click boxes next to desired ‘Control Genes’ (miScript PCR Controls are pre-selected) Designate columns of CT values as Control, Group 1, Group 2, etc. Click ‘Update All Changes’ Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 38
  • 39. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Step 5C Readout Tab View Housekeeping Genes Choose ‘Normalized By’ Readout Tab View Housekeeping Genes, Data Overview, & Data QC View Housekeeping Genes Tab Selected ‘Control Genes’ can be visualized and method of normalization can be chosen Data Overview Tab This tab provides an overview of all ∆∆CT calculations performed by the software Readout Tab Data QC Data QC Tab This tab provides an overview of QC data associated with the miRTC (reverse transcription control) and PPC (positive PCR control) Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 39
  • 40. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Step 5D Analysis Result Tab: this tab provides an overview of all ∆∆CT related calculations and provides a guide for you regarding the trust that you should place in your data (see red arrow) Comments on data quality Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 40
  • 41. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Step 5E Scatter Plot, Volcano Plot, Clustergram, and Multigroup Plot Tabs: When clicked, these tabs provide various statistical outputs that will open as new windows. The scatter plot is included as an example. Scatter Plot Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 41
  • 42. Sample & Assay Technologies miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis Step 5F Export Data Tab: When clicked, results calculated by the miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis software can be exported to Microsoft Excel. Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 42
  • 43. Sample & Assay Technologies Serum Sample analysis using the miScript PCR System Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 43
  • 44. Sample & Assay Technologies Workflow: Serum & plasma miRNA expression profiling 1. Collect whole blood and separate serum or plasma 2. Recommended starting amount of serum or plasma: 100–200 µl Note: If starting with 50 µl (or less) of serum or plasma, incorporate preamplification 3. Isolate RNA: miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit + miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Spike-in Control 4. Reverse transcription: Perform miScript II RT reaction (using HiSpec Buffer) Per intended 384-well plate, reverse transcribe 1.5 µl RNA eluate (1/10th prep) 5. (Optional) Preamplification: If the starting amount of serum or plasma is 50 µl (or less), perform preamplification using the miScript PreAMP PCR Kit 6. Real-time PCR: Profile miRNA expression using chosen miScript miRNA PCR Array Array recommendations: – miRNome miScript miRNA PCR Array – Serum & Plasma 384HC miScript miRNA PCR Array – Serum & Plasma miScript miRNA PCR Array Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 44
  • 45. Sample & Assay Technologies Biomarker discovery workflow Concept Phase I (determined expressed miRNAs): Pooled sample profiling, Maximal Assays (miRNome or 384HC) Phase II (determine differentially expressed miRNAs): Individual profiling of samples (that went into pools), Only Expressed miRNAs (< 384-well plate) Phase III (statistical power): Individual profiling of all samples in study, Differentially Expressed miRNAs from Phase II (multiple samples per 384-well plate) Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 45
  • 46. Sample & Assay Technologies Special data analysis case Serum & Plasma Samples Serum or plasma total RNA samples: The snoRNA/snRNA panel of targets does not exhibit robust expression and therefore should not be selected as Normalization Controls. Typical CT Values for miScript PCR Controls in Serum Samples Control Serum Sample 1 Serum Sample 2 Serum Sample 3 SNORD61 36.3 34.3 35.8 SNORD68 34.6 35.0 35.3 SNORD72 35.0 35.0 35.0 SNORD95 31.1 39.3 33.5 SNORD96A 33.6 34.5 35.4 RNU6-2 37.9 39.1 35.0 Step 1: Calibrate samples using cel-miR-39 CT mean Step 2: Normalize serum or plasma sample data Option 1: Normalize CT values to CT mean of all commonly expressed miRNAs Option 2: Normalize CT values to CT mean of invariant miRNAs Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 46
  • 47. Sample & Assay Technologies Anatomy of a miScript miRNA PCR Array 96-well Format: 84 miRNA + 12 controls 84 miRNAs Cel-miR-39 SNORD61; SNORD68; SNORD72 SNORD95; SNORD96A; RNU6-2 miRTC PPC Spike in Control miScript PCR Controls for Normalization RT Control PCR Control Cel-miR-39 Alternative data normalization using exogenously spiked Syn-cel-miR-39 miScript miRNA Mimic miScript PCR Controls Data normalization using the ∆∆CT method of relative quantification miRNA reverse-transcription control (miRTC) Assessment of reverse transcription performance Positive PCR control (PPC) Assessment of PCR performance Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 47
  • 48. Serum or plasma sample data normalization Sample & Assay Technologies Calibrate samples using cel-miR-39 CT mean Uncalibrated Assay Sample 1 Sample 2 hsa-miR-16 16.0 19.0 hsa-miR-21 20.0 24.0 hsa-miR-192 23.0 26.0 hsa-miR-103 23.0 23.0 hsa-miR-25 22.0 25.0 cel-miR-39 18.0 21.0 Compared to sample 1, all assays in sample 2 appear to have delayed CT values Compared to sample 1, cel-miR-39 in sample 2 also has a delayed CT value Conclusion: calibrate samples (cel-miR-39 CT values indicate a differential recovery) Calibrated (Sample 1 CT values +3) Assay Sample 1 Sample 2 hsa-miR-16 19.0 19.0 hsa-miR-21 23.0 24.0 hsa-miR-192 26.0 26.0 hsa-miR-103 26.0 23.0 hsa-miR-25 25.0 25.0 cel-miR-39 21.0 21.0 Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 48
  • 49. Sample & Assay Technologies Serum or plasma sample data normalization Option 1: CT values normalized to CT mean of expressed miRNAs Calculate the CT mean for commonly expressed miRNAs Those miRNAs with CT values < 30 (or 32, or 35) in all assessed samples 12 Fold-Regulation 8 4 0 -4 -8 Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 49
  • 50. Sample & Assay Technologies Serum or plasma sample data normalization Option 2: CT values normalized to CT mean of invariant miRNAs Calculate the CT mean for invariant miRNAs Choose at least 4 to 6 miRNAs that exhibit little CT variation 12 Commonly Expressed miRNAs hsa-miR-92a hsa-let-7c hsa-miR-93 hsa-miR-21 hsa-miR-103a hsa-miR-22 hsa-miR-126 hsa-miR-23a hsa-miR-145 hsa-miR-24 hsa-miR-146a hsa-miR-25 hsa-miR-191 hsa-miR-26a hsa-miR-222 hsa-miR-26b 8 Fold-Regulation hsa-let-7a hsa-miR-423-5p 4 0 -4 -8 Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 50
  • 51. Sample & Assay Technologies Serum or plasma sample data normalization Comparison of normalization methods Option 1: Commonly Expressed miRNAs Option 2: Invariant Panel of miRNAs (miRNome, 384HC) (small panel screening) 8 Fold-Regulation 12 8 Fold-Regulation 12 4 0 4 0 -4 -4 -8 -8 Note 1: In this example, fold-regulation looks highly similar, irrespective of the chosen normalization method. This is correct, as your results should be independent of the chosen normalization method. Note 2: For small panel screening, do not use a CT mean of all miRNAs, as this array is biased (miRNA assays included on this array are not random) Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 51
  • 52. Sample & Assay Technologies Serum or plasma sample data normalization miRNA expression profiling 2-∆CT: Breast Cancer vs. Normal Normal Serum 1.E+01 30 26 22 Serum Isolation 1 18 Serum Isolation 2 Serum Isolation 3 1.E-01 1.E-02 miR-34a 1.E-03 1.E-04 1.E-05 1.E+01 200 µl serum 50 µl total RNA 5 µl total RNA, HiSpec Buffer miFinder miScript miRNA PCR Array 1.E+00 Workflow -∆CT 1.E-01 2 1.E-02 1.E-03 miRNA 1.E-04 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 1.E-05 14 1 1.E+00 2 CT Value 34 -∆CT : Breast Cancer Serum 38 : Normal Serum one-half of cDNA used for 96-well High reproducibility can be achieved using the miRNeasy Supplementary Protocol Each isolation was from a different normal serum donor Significant differences exist between the mature miRNA expression levels of the two tissue types ± 2-fold [red lines] used as a cutoff for significance Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 52
  • 53. Sample & Assay Technologies Where can I find miScript miRNA PCR Arrays? www.sabiosciences.com/mirna_pcr_array.php miRNA Overview miScript PCR System miScript miRNA PCR Arrays Products for functional studies miRNA purification options Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 53
  • 54. Sample & Assay Technologies Where can I find miScript Primer Assays? www.qiagen.com/GeneGlobe Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 54
  • 55. Sample & Assay Technologies QIAGEN’s miRNA portfolio Your miRNA workflow, from sample to results! Quantification and profiling miRNeasy Mini Kit, miRNeasy Micro Kit miRNeasy 96 Kit miRNeasy FFPE Kit miRNeasy Serum/Plasma Kit Profiling Isolation Functionalization miScript II RT Kit and PreAMP Kit HiPerFect Transfection Reagent miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit Attractene Transfection Reagent miScript miRNA PCR Arrays miScript miRNA Mimics miScript miRNA Data Analysis Tool miScript miRNA Inhibitors PAXgene Tissue miRNA Kit miScript Primer Assay Custom miScript miRNA Mimics PAXgene Blood miRNA Kit miScript Precursor Assay miScript Target Protector Supplementary protocol for miRNA from Plasma and Serum miScript PCR Starter Kit miScript miRNA Inhibitor 96 and 384 Plates and Sets QIAGEN Service Core QIAcube Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis QIAgility Rotor-Gene Q 55
  • 56. Sample & Assay Technologies Upcoming webinars Experimental Setup and miRNA Profiling webinars Webinar 3: Profiling miRNA expression: on the road to biomarker development Date: April 24, 2013, 9:30 am EDT Speaker: Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D. Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 56
  • 57. Sample & Assay Technologies Thank you for attending Technical Support Contact Information Monday through Friday 8:00AM to 6:00PM EST Direct Phone: 888-503-3187 E-Mail: support@sabiosciences.com http://www.sabiosciences.com/promotion/miscriptdemo.php 57
  • 58. Sample & Assay Technologies Questions? Thank you for attending today’s webinar! Jonathan Shaffer, Ph.D. Jonathan.Shaffer@qiagen.com microRNA Technologies, R&D Americas Webinar 2: Advanced miRNA Expression Analysis 58