1. Kontra saKontra sa
Benevolent AssimilationBenevolent Assimilation
 Aguinaldo’s manifesto Protesting theAguinaldo’s manifesto Protesting the
United States Claim of SovereigntyUnited States Claim of Sovereignty

2.  Mahigpit na tumutol si Hen EmilioMahigpit na tumutol si Hen Emilio
Aguinaldo sa pagpapasailalim saAguinaldo sa pagpapasailalim sa
Pilipinas sa kapangyarihan ngPilipinas sa kapangyarihan ng
estados Unidos sapagkat naniniwalaestados Unidos sapagkat naniniwala
siya sa kakayahan ng mga Pilipinongsiya sa kakayahan ng mga Pilipinong
lider na mapamahalaan nang maayoslider na mapamahalaan nang maayos
ang Pilipinas. Ipinahayag niya angang Pilipinas. Ipinahayag niya ang
kaniyang pagtutol sa pamamagitankaniyang pagtutol sa pamamagitan
ng isang manipestong isang manipesto

3.  January 5, 1899January 5, 1899
 General Otis styles himself Military Governor of these Islands,General Otis styles himself Military Governor of these Islands,
and I protest one and a thousand times and with all the energy ofand I protest one and a thousand times and with all the energy of
my soul against such authority. I proclaim solemnly that I havemy soul against such authority. I proclaim solemnly that I have
not recognized either Singapore or in Hong Kong or in thenot recognized either Singapore or in Hong Kong or in the
Philippines, by word or in writing, the sovereignty of America overPhilippines, by word or in writing, the sovereignty of America over
this beloved soil. On the contrary, I say that I returned to thesethis beloved soil. On the contrary, I say that I returned to these
Islands on an American warship on the 19th of May last for theIslands on an American warship on the 19th of May last for the
express purpose of making war on the Spaniards to regain ourexpress purpose of making war on the Spaniards to regain our
liberty and independence. I stated this in my proclamation of theliberty and independence. I stated this in my proclamation of the
24th of May last, and I publish it in my Manifesto addressed to the24th of May last, and I publish it in my Manifesto addressed to the
Philippine people on the 12th of June. Lastly, all this wasPhilippine people on the 12th of June. Lastly, all this was
confirmed by the American General Merritt himself, predecessor ofconfirmed by the American General Merritt himself, predecessor of
General Otis, in his Manifesto to the Philippine people some daysGeneral Otis, in his Manifesto to the Philippine people some days
before he demanded the surrender of Manila from the Spanishbefore he demanded the surrender of Manila from the Spanish
General Jaudenes. In that Manifesto it is distinctly stated that theGeneral Jaudenes. In that Manifesto it is distinctly stated that the
naval and field forces of the United States had come to give us ournaval and field forces of the United States had come to give us our
liberty, by subverting the bad Spanish Government, And I herebyliberty, by subverting the bad Spanish Government, And I hereby
protest against this unexpected act of the United States claimingprotest against this unexpected act of the United States claiming
sovereignty over these Islands. My relations with the United Statessovereignty over these Islands. My relations with the United States
did not bring me over here from Hong Kong to make war on thedid not bring me over here from Hong Kong to make war on the
Spaniards for their benefit, but for the purpose of our own libertySpaniards for their benefit, but for the purpose of our own liberty

4. GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:
1. Sino ang may-akda ng manipesto?
A. PANGULONG WILLIAM
MC KINLEY
B. PANGULONG EMILIO
AGUINALDO
C. HENERAL ELWELL OTIS
D. GOV. HEN. FERMIN
JAUDENES

5. GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:
1. Sino ang may-akda ng manifesto?
A. PANGULONG WILLIAM
MC KINLEY
B. PANGULONG EMILIO
AGUINALDO
C. HENERAL ELWELL OTIS
D. GOV. HEN. FERMIN
JAUDENES

6. GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:
2. KAILAN ISINULAT ANG
MANIPESTO?
A. DISYEMBRE 21,1898 B. MAYO 24, 1898
C. HUNYO 12, 1898 D. ENERO 5, 1899

7. GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:
2. KAILAN ISINULAT ANG
MANIPESTO?
A. DISYEMBRE 21,1898 B. MAYO 24, 1898
C. HUNYO 12, 1898 D. ENERO 5, 1899

8. GAWAIN 1; Sagutin:GAWAIN 1; Sagutin:
3. ANO ANG NAIS ILAHAD NG
MAY-AKDA SA KANIYANG
MANIPESTO?
A. SANG-AYON SIYA SA PAGKA-
KAHIRANG KAY HEN. OTIS
BILANG GOB.MIL. NG
PILIPINAS
B. TINUTULAN NIYA NA MAPA-
SAILALIM ANG PILIPINAS SA
KAPANGYARIHAN NG
ESTAOS UNIDOS
C. HINDI SIYA SANG-AYON NA
PALITAN SIYA NI HEN. OTIS
BILANG PANGULO NG
PILIPINAS
D. TINANGGAP NIYA NA MAPA-
SAILALIM ANG BANSA SA
PAMAMAHALA NG
ESTADOS UNIDOS

9. GAWAIN1; Sagutin:GAWAIN1; Sagutin:
3. ANO ANG NAIS ILAHAD NG
MAY-AKDA SA KANIYANG
MANIPESTO?
A. SANG-AYON SIYA SA PAGKA-
KAHIRANG KAY HEN. OTIS
BILANG GOB.MIL. NG
PILIPINAS
B. TINUTULAN NIYA NA MAPA-
SAILALIM ANG PILIPINAS SA
KAPANGYARIHAN NG
ESTADOS UNIDOS
C. HINDI SIYA SANG-AYON NA
PALITAN SIYA NI HEN. OTIS
BILANG PANGULO NG
PILIPINAS
D. TINANGGAP NIYA NA MAPA-
SAILALIM ANG BANSA SA
PAMAMAHALA NG
ESTADOS UNIDOS

10. GAWAIN 1; Sagutin:GAWAIN 1; Sagutin:
4. ALIN SA MGA SUMUSUNOD ANG
DALAWANG PATUNAY NA KAYA SIYA
BUMALIK SA PILIPINAS UPANG MAKI-
DIGMA SA ESPANYOL AT MAKAMIT
ANG KALAYAAN NG BANSA?
A. ANG KANIYANG PROKLAMASYON
NOONG MAYO 24, 1898
B. ANG PAGKALUPIG
NG HUKBONG ESPANYOL
SA MGA AMERIKANO
NOONG MAYO 1, 1898
C. ANG PAGLATHALA NG MANIPESTO
NOONG HUNYO 12,1898
D. ANG PAGTALAGA KAY HEN.
OTIS BILANG GOBERNADOR
MILITAR

11. GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:
4. ALIN SA MGA SUMUSUNOD ANG
DALAWANG PATUNAY NA KAYA SIYA
BUMALIK SA PILIPINAS UPANG MAKI-
DIGMA SA ESPANYOL AT MAKAMIT
ANG KALAYAAN NG BANSA?
A. ANG KANIYANG PROKLAMASYON
NOONG MAYO 24, 1898
B. ANG PAGKALUPIG
NG HUKBONG ESPANYOL
SA MGA AMERIKANO
NOONG MAYO 1, 1898
C. ANG PAGLATHALA NG MANIPESTO
NOONG HUNYO 12,1898
D. ANG PAGTALAGA KAY HEN.
OTIS BILANG GOBERNADOR
MILITAR

12. GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:GAWAIN 1: Sagutin:
5. ANO ANG HINDI INAASAHAN NI
PANGULONG AGUINALDO NA
GAGAWING HAKBANG NG MGA
AMERIKANO SA PILIPINAS NOONG
PANAHONG IYON?
A. IPAGKALOOB NG ESTADOS UNIDOS
ANG KALAYAAN NG PILIPINAS
B. IPAHAYAG ANG KALAYAAN NG
PILIPINAS SA KAWIT CAVITE
C. IPOPROKLAMA ANG PAGSA-
SAILALIM NG PILIPINAS SA
KAPANGYARIHAN
NG ESTADOS UNIDOS
D. PATATALSIKIN NG MGA
AMERIKANO ANG MGA
ESPANYOL SA PILIPINAS

13. Gawain 1:Sagutin:Gawain 1:Sagutin:
5. ANO ANG HINDI INAASAHAN NI
PANGULONG AGUINALDO NA
GAGAWING HAKBANG NG MGA
AMERIKANO SA PILIPINAS NOONG
PANAHONG IYON?
A. IPAGKALOOB NG ESTADOS UNIDOS
ANG KALAYAAN NG PILIPINAS
B. IPAHAYAG ANG KALAYAAN NG
PILIPINAS SA KAWIT CAVITE
C. IPOPROKLAMA ANG PAGSA-
SAILALIM NG PILIPINAS SA
KAPANGYARIHAN
NG ESTADOS UNIDOS
D. PATATALSIKIN NG MGA
AMERIKANO ANG MGA
ESPANYOL SA PILIPINAS

14. GAWAIN 2:GAWAIN 2:
-Happy face-kung damdamin ni Aguinaldo-Happy face-kung damdamin ni Aguinaldo
-sad face –kung hindi,pagkaraan ipaliwanag ang-sad face –kung hindi,pagkaraan ipaliwanag ang
sagotsagot
“General Otis styles himself Military Governor of these Islands,
and I protest one and a thousand times and with all the energy
of my soul against such authority. “
Paliwanag
“And I hereby protest against this unexpected act of the United
States claiming sovereignty over these Islands.”
Paliwanag
Paliwanag
“My relations with the United States did not bring me over here
from Hong Kong to make war on the Spaniards for their benefit,
but for the purpose of our own liberty and independence. . . “

15. GAWAIN 3: Ipalagay mo na ikaw si Aguinaldo, Ano angGAWAIN 3: Ipalagay mo na ikaw si Aguinaldo, Ano ang
mangyayari sa iyo at sa bansa batay sa sumusunod namangyayari sa iyo at sa bansa batay sa sumusunod na
sitwasyon?sitwasyon?
Kung tinanggap ko ang
Pamamahala ng mga
Amerikano?
Kung hindi ko
tinanggap ang
pamamahala ng mga
Amerikano

17. ANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUEANTI-IMPERIALIST LEAGUE
 -Sa pagtatapos ng buwan ng Pebrero1899,-Sa pagtatapos ng buwan ng Pebrero1899,
napakalaking bilang ng mga Pilipino angnapakalaking bilang ng mga Pilipino ang
nagbuwis ng buhay sa panahon ng pananakop ngnagbuwis ng buhay sa panahon ng pananakop ng
Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas.Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas.
 -Sa gitna ng mga trahedyang naganap sa buhay-Sa gitna ng mga trahedyang naganap sa buhay
nating mga Pilipino , may mga tanyag na tao nanating mga Pilipino , may mga tanyag na tao na
bumuo ngbumuo ng American Anti-Imperialist LeagueAmerican Anti-Imperialist League
katulad ninakatulad nina Mark Twain, William JamesMark Twain, William James atat
Andrew CarnegieAndrew Carnegie na nagpahayag ng pagtutol sana nagpahayag ng pagtutol sa
ginawang pananakop ng Estados Unidos saginawang pananakop ng Estados Unidos sa
Pilipinas .Pilipinas .

18.  Address to the People of the United States Issued by the Anti-Address to the People of the United States Issued by the Anti-
Imperialist League November 19, 1898 -----Imperialist League November 19, 1898 -----
 A true republic of free men must rest upon the principles that allA true republic of free men must rest upon the principles that all
its citizens are equal under the law, that a government derives itsits citizens are equal under the law, that a government derives its
just powers from the consent of the governed, and that therejust powers from the consent of the governed, and that there
must be no taxation without representation. These principlesmust be no taxation without representation. These principles
abandoned, a republic exists but in name, and its people lose theirabandoned, a republic exists but in name, and its people lose their
rights as free men.rights as free men.
 Planting itself upon these lasting truths, the people of the UnitedPlanting itself upon these lasting truths, the people of the United
States solemnly declared in their Constitution that the citizens ofStates solemnly declared in their Constitution that the citizens of
each State should have the privileges and immunities of citizens ofeach State should have the privileges and immunities of citizens of
the several States; that all persons born or naturalized in thethe several States; that all persons born or naturalized in the
United States and subject to its jurisdiction should be citizens ofUnited States and subject to its jurisdiction should be citizens of
the United States and of the several States; and that the rights ofthe United States and of the several States; and that the rights of
none should be abridged on account of race, color, or previousnone should be abridged on account of race, color, or previous
conditions of servitude. The Constitution gives to the Unitedconditions of servitude. The Constitution gives to the United
States, no more than to the individual, the right to hold slaves orStates, no more than to the individual, the right to hold slaves or
vassals, and recognizes no distinction between classes ofvassals, and recognizes no distinction between classes of
citizens,--one with full rights as free men, and another as subjectscitizens,--one with full rights as free men, and another as subjects
governed by military force.governed by military force.

19. We are in full sympathy with the heroic struggles for liberty of theWe are in full sympathy with the heroic struggles for liberty of the
people in the Spanish Islands, and therefore we protest againstpeople in the Spanish Islands, and therefore we protest against
depriving them of their rights by an exchange of masters. Only bydepriving them of their rights by an exchange of masters. Only by
recognizing their rights as free men are all their interests protected.recognizing their rights as free men are all their interests protected.
Expansion by natural growth in thinly-settled contiguous territory,Expansion by natural growth in thinly-settled contiguous territory,
acquired by purchase for the expressed purpose of ultimateacquired by purchase for the expressed purpose of ultimate
statehood, cannot be confounded with, or made analogous to, foreignstatehood, cannot be confounded with, or made analogous to, foreign
territory conquered by war and wrested by force from a weak enemy.territory conquered by war and wrested by force from a weak enemy.
A beaten foe has no right to transfer a people whose consent has notA beaten foe has no right to transfer a people whose consent has not
been asked, and a free republic has no right to hold in subjection abeen asked, and a free republic has no right to hold in subjection a
people so transferred.people so transferred.
No American, until today, has disputed these propositions; it remains for theNo American, until today, has disputed these propositions; it remains for the
new Imperialism to set up the law of might and to place commercial gain andnew Imperialism to set up the law of might and to place commercial gain and
a false philanthropy above the sound principles upon which the Republic wasa false philanthropy above the sound principles upon which the Republic was
based. In defence of its position it has already urged the fallacy of thebased. In defence of its position it has already urged the fallacy of the
Declaration of Independence and proclaimed a wisdom superior to that of theDeclaration of Independence and proclaimed a wisdom superior to that of the
framers of the Constitution. As solemnly as a people could, we announced theframers of the Constitution. As solemnly as a people could, we announced the
war to be solely for humanity and freedom, without a thought, desire, orwar to be solely for humanity and freedom, without a thought, desire, or
purpose of gain to ourselves; all that we sought has been accomplished inpurpose of gain to ourselves; all that we sought has been accomplished in
Cuba's liberation. Shall we now prove false to our declaration and seize byCuba's liberation. Shall we now prove false to our declaration and seize by
force islands thousands of miles away whose peoples have not desired ourforce islands thousands of miles away whose peoples have not desired our
presence and whose will we have not asked?presence and whose will we have not asked?

20.  Whatever islands we take must be annexed or held in vassalage toWhatever islands we take must be annexed or held in vassalage to
the Republic. Either course is dangerous to the physical and moralthe Republic. Either course is dangerous to the physical and moral
safety of the nation, inconsistent with our professions, and mustsafety of the nation, inconsistent with our professions, and must
result in foreign complications which will imperil and delay theresult in foreign complications which will imperil and delay the
settlement of pressing financial, labor, and administrativesettlement of pressing financial, labor, and administrative
questions at home.questions at home.
 Impressed with the importance of these views, and recalling theImpressed with the importance of these views, and recalling the
declaration of the President that the war with Spain could neverdeclaration of the President that the war with Spain could never
degenerate into a war of conquest, we have deferred action until itdegenerate into a war of conquest, we have deferred action until it
has become apparent that pressure was being brought to bearhas become apparent that pressure was being brought to bear
upon the President, to convince him that public opinion demandsupon the President, to convince him that public opinion demands
the inclusion of alien territory and great masses of alien peoplethe inclusion of alien territory and great masses of alien people
into the territory of the United States.into the territory of the United States.
 We stand by the President's declaration, and in order to giveWe stand by the President's declaration, and in order to give
evidence of the opposition to a foreign expansion policy by a vastevidence of the opposition to a foreign expansion policy by a vast
body of our people, have organized an Anti-Imperialist League,body of our people, have organized an Anti-Imperialist League,
upon the following general plan:upon the following general plan:
 1. The centre of the movement to be at Washington, with a local1. The centre of the movement to be at Washington, with a local
secretary there for executive work.secretary there for executive work.

21.  2. Committees of correspondence to conduct the work in such2. Committees of correspondence to conduct the work in such
manner as to bring together the united efforts of men of reputemanner as to bring together the united efforts of men of repute
throughout the country, without regard to party, to deal with thethroughout the country, without regard to party, to deal with the
subject in all its aspects, as follows: The moral iniquity of convertingsubject in all its aspects, as follows: The moral iniquity of converting
a war for humanity into a war for conquest; the physicala war for humanity into a war for conquest; the physical
degeneration, the corruption of the blood, and all the evils ofdegeneration, the corruption of the blood, and all the evils of
militarism which will ensue if troops are to be kept in the Philippinesmilitarism which will ensue if troops are to be kept in the Philippines
and elsewhere longer than absolutely necessary to enableand elsewhere longer than absolutely necessary to enable
government to be established which will protect life and property;government to be established which will protect life and property;
the political evils and the necessity of preserving the Union upon thethe political evils and the necessity of preserving the Union upon the
principles of its framers; the clear necessity of large increase ofprinciples of its framers; the clear necessity of large increase of
taxes for the support of armies and navies, with a great probabilitytaxes for the support of armies and navies, with a great probability
that voluntary enlistment will have to be supplemented by drafts.that voluntary enlistment will have to be supplemented by drafts.
Committees of correspondence have begun work under the name ofCommittees of correspondence have begun work under the name of
the Anti-Imperialist League, the first measure being to organize thethe Anti-Imperialist League, the first measure being to organize the
moral forces of the country, for purpose of presenting the followingmoral forces of the country, for purpose of presenting the following
protest to the President and to the Congress of the United States:--protest to the President and to the Congress of the United States:--
To the President and to the Congress of the United States: TheTo the President and to the Congress of the United States: The
undersigned, citizens of __________, in the State of _________,undersigned, citizens of __________, in the State of _________,
protest against any extension of the sovereignty of the Unitedprotest against any extension of the sovereignty of the United
States over the Philippine Islands, in any event, or other foreignStates over the Philippine Islands, in any event, or other foreign
territory, withoutterritory, without

22.  the free consent of the people thereof, believing suchthe free consent of the people thereof, believing such
action would be dangerous to the Republic, wasteful ofaction would be dangerous to the Republic, wasteful of
its resources, in violation of constitutional principles,its resources, in violation of constitutional principles,
and fraught with moral and physical evils to our people.and fraught with moral and physical evils to our people.
 Name and residence. Occupation.Name and residence. Occupation.
 Every citizen believing in the above is urged to copy it,Every citizen believing in the above is urged to copy it,
obtain immediately as many signatures as possible andobtain immediately as many signatures as possible and
send forward the signed protest to the secretary of thesend forward the signed protest to the secretary of the
Anti-Imperialist League, Washington, D.C., where theAnti-Imperialist League, Washington, D.C., where the
names will be enrolled, without liability to assessment,names will be enrolled, without liability to assessment,
as members of the League, and the protest presentedas members of the League, and the protest presented
to the President and Congress.to the President and Congress.
 Submitted on behalf of the Executive Committee of theSubmitted on behalf of the Executive Committee of the
Anti-Imperialist League, of which Hon. G. S. Boutwell isAnti-Imperialist League, of which Hon. G. S. Boutwell is
President. Erving Winslow, Secretary. Boston,President. Erving Winslow, Secretary. Boston,
November 19, 1898.November 19, 1898.

23. Sagutin:Sagutin:
 1. Batay sa sipi, Ano ang kahulugan1. Batay sa sipi, Ano ang kahulugan
ng Imperyalismo?ng Imperyalismo?
 2. Sa panahong iyon, ano ang isang2. Sa panahong iyon, ano ang isang
sitwasyon na nagpapakita ngsitwasyon na nagpapakita ng
kaisipang imperyalismo ng mgakaisipang imperyalismo ng mga
AMERIKANO?AMERIKANO?
 3. Tungkol saan ang Anti-Imperialist3. Tungkol saan ang Anti-Imperialist
League?League?
 4. Sang-ayon ba ang mga kasapi ng4. Sang-ayon ba ang mga kasapi ng
Anti-Imperialist League sa balak naAnti-Imperialist League sa balak na
pananakop ng Estados Unidos sapananakop ng Estados Unidos sa
Pilipinas? Bakit mo nasabi?Pilipinas? Bakit mo nasabi?

24.  5. Aling pahayag sa sipi ang5. Aling pahayag sa sipi ang
nagpapatunay sa pagtanggi ng Anti-nagpapatunay sa pagtanggi ng Anti-
Imperialist League na pangasiwaan ngImperialist League na pangasiwaan ng
Amerikano ang Pilipinas?Amerikano ang Pilipinas?
 6. Kung isa ka sa mga Amerikanong6. Kung isa ka sa mga Amerikanong
nabuhay sa panahong iyon, nais mo bangnabuhay sa panahong iyon, nais mo bang
maging kasapi ng Anti-Imperialistmaging kasapi ng Anti-Imperialist
League? Bakit?League? Bakit?
 7. Kung isa ka sa mga Pilipinong nabuhay7. Kung isa ka sa mga Pilipinong nabuhay
sa panahong iyon, ano ang nais mongsa panahong iyon, ano ang nais mong
sabihin sa mga kasapi ng Anti-Imperialistsabihin sa mga kasapi ng Anti-Imperialist
League?League?

25. Pahayag ni Mark TwainPahayag ni Mark Twain
October 15,1900October 15,1900
(The New York Herald)(The New York Herald)
 I wanted the American eagle to go screaming into the Pacific ...I wanted the American eagle to go screaming into the Pacific ...
Why not spread its wings over the Philippines, I asked myself? ... IWhy not spread its wings over the Philippines, I asked myself? ... I
said to myself, Here are a people who have suffered for threesaid to myself, Here are a people who have suffered for three
centuries. We can make them as free as ourselves, give them acenturies. We can make them as free as ourselves, give them a
government and country of their own, put a miniature of thegovernment and country of their own, put a miniature of the
American ConstitutionAmerican Constitution afloat in the Pacific, start a brand newafloat in the Pacific, start a brand new
republic to take its place among the free nations of the world. Itrepublic to take its place among the free nations of the world. It
seemed to me a great task to which we had addressed ourselves.seemed to me a great task to which we had addressed ourselves.
But I have thought some more, since then, and I have readBut I have thought some more, since then, and I have read
carefully thecarefully the treaty of Paristreaty of Paris [which ended the[which ended the
Spanish-American WarSpanish-American War], and I have seen that we do not intend to], and I have seen that we do not intend to
free, but to subjugate the people of the Philippines. We have gonefree, but to subjugate the people of the Philippines. We have gone
there to conquer, not to redeem. It should, it seems to me, be ourthere to conquer, not to redeem. It should, it seems to me, be our
pleasure and duty to make those people free, and let them dealpleasure and duty to make those people free, and let them deal
with their own domestic questions in their own way. And so I amwith their own domestic questions in their own way. And so I am
an anti-imperialist. I am opposed to having the eagle put its talonsan anti-imperialist. I am opposed to having the eagle put its talons
on any other landon any other land

26. Sagutin:Sagutin:
 1. Saan inihalintulad ang Estados1. Saan inihalintulad ang Estados
 Unidos?Unidos?
 2. Ano ang ginawa ng Estados2. Ano ang ginawa ng Estados
 Unidos?Unidos?
 3. Ano ang gusto niyang gawin ng3. Ano ang gusto niyang gawin ng
 Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas?Estados Unidos sa Pilipinas?
 4. bakit gusto niyang gawing malaya4. bakit gusto niyang gawing malaya
Ang Pilipinas?Ang Pilipinas?
 5. Bakit niya sinabing “Great Task”5. Bakit niya sinabing “Great Task”
 ang gusto niyang mangyari?ang gusto niyang mangyari?