This document analyzes the speech acts used in the movie script for Changeling. It finds that the most dominant speech act is representative, which commits the speaker to the truth of what they are saying. There are 88 instances of direct speech acts and 4 instances of indirect speech acts. Representative speech acts make up the largest portion with 40 instances. The study concludes that representative speech acts are most frequently used by the main character, Christine, to state what she believes to be true. It suggests future studies could analyze speech acts in other media like advertisements or speeches.

1. AN ANALYSIS OF SPEECH ACT IN
CHANGELING MOVIE SCRIPT
By:
Elly Fina Muthohar
(2008- 32- 205)
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH EDUCATION
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
THE UNIVERSITY OF MURIA KUDUS
2011/ 2012

2. I. Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
1.2 Statement of the problem
1. What is the most dominant function of speech acts used in the Changeling
movie script?
2. How are the speech act realized in the Changeling movie script?
1.3 Objective of the Study
1.4 Significance of the Study
1.5 Scope of the Study
1.6 Definition of Key Terms

3. II. Review of Related to Literature
2.1 Language
“Language is a systemic sound sign and words about namely things
to make a social media communication among the people on the rule fixed
area.”
2.2 Pragmatics
“Pragmatic is a branch of linguistics which concerns with the study
of meaning related to the context or situation of language it use.”
2.3 Speech Act
Speech acts are the act of utterances (with saying something and doing
something).
For example: (1) “The boy felt difficult to do his homework!”.
The statement is not only gives information of the speaker to the listener
about “the boy condition”, but also requests the listener to help “the boy
condition”

4. SPEECH ACTS

5. 2.7 Movie Script
2.7.1 Changeling Movie
Changeling is a 2008 American drama film directed by Clint
Eastwood and written by J. Michael Straczynski and stared by Angelina
Jolie. Changeling released based on real- life events in 1928 Los Angeles,
as a woman who is reunited with her missing son
2.7.2 Synopsis of Changeling Movie
Changeling explores female disempowerment, political corruption,
child endangerment, and the repercussions of violence.
2.8 Previous Research
Lutfiana (2010) has conducted a research entitled “A Pragmatics
Study on Speech Act in The Main Character of Twilight film Script by
Melissa Rosenberg”. She explains the types and the classification function
of speech acts in the main character of twilight film script
2.9 Theoretical Framework
This research conducted using theory proposed in Yule (1996: 53)
that set up the following classification function of speech acts:
declarations, representatives, expressive, directives, and commisives.

6. III. RESEARCH METHODE
3.1 Design of the Research
3.2 Data and Data Source
3.3 Procedures of Collecting the Data
a. Collecting the Changeling movie script.
b. Watching the Changeling movie to compare between the film and script,
and to understand about the story.
c. Reading script of Changeling movie which contain of utterances.
d. Writing down the utterances produced by the main character Christine
Collins in the Changeling movie script.
3.4 Techniques of Analyzing the Data
a. Identifying the data in Changeling movie script.
b. Categorizing speech act into each classification functions of speech acts
are produced by the main character (Christine Collins).
c. Categorizing speech acts into each structure of speech acts are produced
by the main character (Christine Collins).

7. IV FINDINGS OF THE RESEARCH
4.1 Research Findings
4.1.1 Classification Function of Speech Act Found in Changeling Movie
Script
The researcher found that there are 5 classification functions of
speech acts found in the 92 utterances. The totals of each classification are:
Declarative: 2, Representative: 40, Directive: 38, Commissive: 3, and
Expressive: 9.
4.1.2 The Structure of Speech Act Found in Changeling Movie Script
The researcher found that there are two ways of speech act realized
in the Changeling movie script in 92 utterances produced by Christine,
they are: Direct Speech Acts: 88 utterances, and Indirect Speech Act: 4
utterances.

8. V. DISCUSSION
5.1 Classification Functions of Speech Act Found in Changeling Movie Script Produced by
Christine
1. Declaration : “are those kinds of speech acts that change the world via
their utterance.” Ex: declare
2. Representative :” speech acts that commit a speaker to the truth of the
expressed proposition. Ex: believing, denying, stating,
explaining, telling, rejecting.
3. Directive : “speech acts that are to cause the hearer to take a particular
action. Ex: requesting, begging, calling, asking, advising,
offering, warning, commanding.
4. Commissive : “speech acts that commit a speaker to some future action.” Ex:
predicting, promising.
5. Expressive : “speech acts that express the speaker's attitudes and emotions
towards the proposition.” Ex: thanking, appreciating,
apologizing.

9. VI. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
6.1 Conclusion
1. The dominan classification function used by Christine is Representative. It may
means that representative as the classification functions of speech act produced by
Christine that state what the speaker believes to be the case or not.
2. There are two ways of speech acts realized in Changeling movie script in
utterances produced by the main character (Christine Collins), they are: direct
speech act and indirect speech acts. Here, direct speech act has more percentages
than indirect speech acts. It means that the utterance shows there is a direct
relationship between a structure and a function form are communicated.
6.2 Suggestion
1. The students of English Education Department can discuss or analyze of speech acts
particularly on the play script, advertisement, speech and any other media.
2. The lecturer should give more lessons about pragmatics (speech acts) in order to
give more understanding about the sentences not only in the structure itself, but
also in the contextual meaning.
3. The readers can analyze the meaning of utterance by pragmatics and speech acts
because pragmatics is a study of meaning and speech acts is a study of utterance.

10. Thank You