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Lecture 2.1- Properties of Matter


A property is a quality or attribute.
          Is the property
       Intensive or Extensive?


         Is the property
       Physical or Chemical?
Describing Matter

Properties used to describe matter can be
 classified as extensive or intensive.
Describing Matter

Properties used to describe matter can be
 classified as extensive or intensive.

– An extensive property depends on the
  amount of matter in a sample.
Describing Matter

Properties used to describe matter can be
 classified as extensive or intensive.

– An extensive property depends on the
  amount of matter in a sample.
– An intensive property depends on the
  type of matter in a sample, not the
  amount of matter.
2.1
          Describing Matter
– Extensive properties depend on amount.
2.1
          Describing Matter
– Extensive properties depend on amount.

  • The mass of an object is a measure of the
    amount of matter the object contains.
2.1
          Describing Matter
– Extensive properties depend on amount.

  • The mass of an object is a measure of the
    amount of matter the object contains.

  • The volume of an object is a measure of
    the space occupied by the object.
2.1
          Describing Matter
– Extensive properties depend on amount.

  • The mass of an object is a measure of the
    amount of matter the object contains.

  • The volume of an object is a measure of
    the space occupied by the object.
2.1
          Describing Matter
– Extensive properties depend on amount.

  • The mass of an object is a measure of the
    amount of matter the object contains.

  • The volume of an object is a measure of
    the space occupied by the object.

                The big ball has more
                mass and volume than
                the little ball.
2.1
          Describing Matter
Intensive Properties
  The hardness of a
  bowling ball is an
  example of an
  intensive property.
Is flammability an extensive or intensive
property?
2.1
      Identifying Substances

Matter that has a uniform and definite
 composition is called a substance.
        A substance is pure.
2.1
      Identifying Substances
Every sample of a given substance has
identical intensive properties.
2.1
        Identifying Substances
 Every sample of a given substance has
 identical intensive properties.

Example- Every sample of pure water is a
 clear, odorless, liquid at room temperature.
 It will boil at 100ºC and freeze at 0ºC.
2.1
        Identifying Substances
 Every sample of a given substance has
 identical intensive properties.

Example- Every sample of pure water is a
 clear, odorless, liquid at room temperature.
 It will boil at 100ºC and freeze at 0ºC.

These properties are intensive because they do
 not depend on how big the sample is.
2.1
      Identifying Substances

• A physical property can be observed or
  measured without changing the
  substance’s composition.
• Hardness, color, and crystal shape are
  examples of physical properties.
2.1

      Identifying Substances
2.1     States of Matter




 Three states of matter are
 solid, liquid, and gas.
2.1
          States of Matter


A solid is a form of
 matter that has a
 definite shape and
 volume.
2.1
        States of Matter


A liquid is a form
 of matter that
 has an indefinite
 shape (it flows)
 but a definite
 volume.
2.1
        States of Matter

A gas is a form of
 matter that takes
 both the shape and
 volume of its
 container.
2.1
         States of Matter

A gas is a form of
 matter that takes
 both the shape and
 volume of its
 container.

The gas state is the
 only state of matter
 that is compressible.
2.1
            States of Matter


Vapor describes a
gas that is usually a
liquid or solid at
room temperature,
as in water vapor.
States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists
States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists

Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!
States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists

Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!
States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists

Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!

Liquid- particles are very close
but can move around each
other. Takes the shape of its
container, but has a fixed volume.
States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists

Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!

Liquid- particles are very close
but can move around each
other. Takes the shape of its
container, but has a fixed volume.
States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists

Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!

Liquid- particles are very close
but can move around each
other. Takes the shape of its
container, but has a fixed volume.

Gas- particles are far apart and
moving fast. Has no fixed shape or
volume.
States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists

Solid- particles are tightly
packed in a rigid structure.
Has a fixed shape and volume!

Liquid- particles are very close
but can move around each
other. Takes the shape of its
container, but has a fixed volume.

Gas- particles are far apart and
moving fast. Has no fixed shape or
volume.
Lecture 2.1- Properties of Matter
Substances go from solid to liquid to gas
as energy increases.
2.1      Physical Changes
During a physical change,
some properties of a
material change, but the
composition of the material
does not change.

As gallium melts in a person’s
hand, the shape of the sample
changes, but the composition of
the material does not change.
Homework
Read section 2.1 and complete section 2.1 problems
Homework
Read section 2.1 and complete section 2.1 problems

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Lecture 2.1- Properties of Matter

  • 1. Lecture 2.1- Properties of Matter A property is a quality or attribute. Is the property Intensive or Extensive? Is the property Physical or Chemical?
  • 2. Describing Matter Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive.
  • 3. Describing Matter Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive. – An extensive property depends on the amount of matter in a sample.
  • 4. Describing Matter Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive. – An extensive property depends on the amount of matter in a sample. – An intensive property depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter.
  • 5. 2.1 Describing Matter – Extensive properties depend on amount.
  • 6. 2.1 Describing Matter – Extensive properties depend on amount. • The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains.
  • 7. 2.1 Describing Matter – Extensive properties depend on amount. • The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains. • The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object.
  • 8. 2.1 Describing Matter – Extensive properties depend on amount. • The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains. • The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object.
  • 9. 2.1 Describing Matter – Extensive properties depend on amount. • The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains. • The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object. The big ball has more mass and volume than the little ball.
  • 10. 2.1 Describing Matter Intensive Properties The hardness of a bowling ball is an example of an intensive property.
  • 11. Is flammability an extensive or intensive property?
  • 12. 2.1 Identifying Substances Matter that has a uniform and definite composition is called a substance. A substance is pure.
  • 13. 2.1 Identifying Substances Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties.
  • 14. 2.1 Identifying Substances Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties. Example- Every sample of pure water is a clear, odorless, liquid at room temperature. It will boil at 100ºC and freeze at 0ºC.
  • 15. 2.1 Identifying Substances Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties. Example- Every sample of pure water is a clear, odorless, liquid at room temperature. It will boil at 100ºC and freeze at 0ºC. These properties are intensive because they do not depend on how big the sample is.
  • 16. 2.1 Identifying Substances • A physical property can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition. • Hardness, color, and crystal shape are examples of physical properties.
  • 17. 2.1 Identifying Substances
  • 18. 2.1 States of Matter Three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.
  • 19. 2.1 States of Matter A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
  • 20. 2.1 States of Matter A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape (it flows) but a definite volume.
  • 21. 2.1 States of Matter A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.
  • 22. 2.1 States of Matter A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container. The gas state is the only state of matter that is compressible.
  • 23. 2.1 States of Matter Vapor describes a gas that is usually a liquid or solid at room temperature, as in water vapor.
  • 24. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists
  • 25. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists Solid- particles are tightly packed in a rigid structure. Has a fixed shape and volume!
  • 26. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists Solid- particles are tightly packed in a rigid structure. Has a fixed shape and volume!
  • 27. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists Solid- particles are tightly packed in a rigid structure. Has a fixed shape and volume! Liquid- particles are very close but can move around each other. Takes the shape of its container, but has a fixed volume.
  • 28. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists Solid- particles are tightly packed in a rigid structure. Has a fixed shape and volume! Liquid- particles are very close but can move around each other. Takes the shape of its container, but has a fixed volume.
  • 29. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists Solid- particles are tightly packed in a rigid structure. Has a fixed shape and volume! Liquid- particles are very close but can move around each other. Takes the shape of its container, but has a fixed volume. Gas- particles are far apart and moving fast. Has no fixed shape or volume.
  • 30. States of matter- the 3 forms in which matter exists Solid- particles are tightly packed in a rigid structure. Has a fixed shape and volume! Liquid- particles are very close but can move around each other. Takes the shape of its container, but has a fixed volume. Gas- particles are far apart and moving fast. Has no fixed shape or volume.
  • 32. Substances go from solid to liquid to gas as energy increases.
  • 33. 2.1 Physical Changes During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change. As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.
  • 34. Homework Read section 2.1 and complete section 2.1 problems
  • 35. Homework Read section 2.1 and complete section 2.1 problems