1. Goodwins theory
the 7 key principles of goodwins theory
- the lyrics and visuals are linked
-the music and visuals are linked
- genre conventions
-voyeurisms
-representation of music or artist
-performance based, narrative based, concept based
-intertextual references

2. the lyrics and visuals are linked
• One of the parts of this theory is that the lyrics and the
visuals are linked. A perfect example of this is stan by
Eminem. Almost all of the songs lyrics are presented on
screen. For example, the lyrics are being spoken at
almost all times by either stan or Eminem, allowing for
a constant link
• Another song that has a strong link between a songs
lyrics and visuals is again and again by the bird and the
bee. Every lyric either appears in text form or is spoken
by a character, making the link between lyrics and
visuals a constant one.

3. Stan, eminem
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gOMhN-
hfMtY
Again and again, bird and the bee
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6kxDxLAjk
O8

4. The music and visuals are linked
• One video that excellently demonstrates how visuals
and music are linked is the song ignorance, by
Paramore. For the majority of the song, the music is
fast paced. This is represented in the music video by
cutting the footage frequently, which helps increase the
pace of the video visually. However, when the song
slows down in tempo, the cuts become less frequent.
This is done to reflect the change in pace of the music.
When the songs tempo becomes faster again (when it
hits the chorus) the cuts become faster again. To
further represent the link between visuals and music,
the filming style adopts a ‘shaky cam’ style for the fast
part of the song, which also increases the pace of the
video and makes it seem more kinetic.

5. • Intertextuality
according to Goodwin’s theory, one of his key
principles was intertextual references to other forms of
media, whether it be films, other artists of videos, TV
or videogames. As many film directors began their
directing careers by making music videos, intertextual
references to films are the most apparent. One
example is California love by 2pac. It features
references to the film mad max. This is apparent from
the costumes that the characters wear in the video, as
well as the reference to the thunder dome from the
film, where the majority of this video takes place.

6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uL
LKbWqUqts

7. Genre conventions
• A definition of genre is any type of discourse, whether written
or spoken, audio or visual, based on some set of stylistic
criteria. Genres are formed by conventions that change over
time as new genres are invented and the use of old ones are
discontinued. Some conventions of the indie genre are:
• The artist is shown performing.
Lyrics of the song influence the representation of the
narrative and images shown within the video.
The editing fits in with the pace of the song
the clothing represents the genre
typical rock instruments e.g. guitars, and many indie bands
use synthesizers and keyboards to add a psychedelic/weird
tone to their music which makes it so distinctive from other
music genres. X ray, by the macabees fits these conventions
very well in there video.
The macabees: x ray
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNXcHJFtVeI

8. • Representation of music or artist
this is usually done to give the artist a motif or trademark,
or to have lots of close ups in the video to make their face
recognizable and distinct. One video that does this very
well is bad romance by lady gaga. It features lots of close
ups, making her more recognizable and selling her as an
artist. It also features her unique costumes. These have
become her trademark, as she wears lots of different one in
the same video. This can be coupled with her strange dance
moves which accompany the video. Dance moves, as well
as the art direction her video takes, which is very odd. A
combination of men with metal beards and charred
skeletons make for a quirky, unforgettable video.

10. Voyeurism
• Voyeurism can be defined as where viewers (the voyeur) are
granted an intimate perspective with a subject group or
individual, often without them knowing. This can is often to
gain a form of pleasure, and it is often a man’s controlling
gaze towards women that have been sexually objectified.
This is a concept that is part of Goodwin’s theory, and is
present in music videos. An example of this is call on me by
Eric prydz. It features women wearing tight and revealing
clothes performing an aerobics workout. There are many
close up shots and slow moving pans that linger on the
women as they work. This is a prime example of voyeurism.
• In some instances however, the voyeurism isn't sexual, but is
still about a woman. In rockferry by Duffy, we (as the voyeur)
witness Duffy’s sadness.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0YKwL2Q5n4

11. Applying Goodwin’s theory to our
work
• The lyrics and visuals are linked
• In our video raincloud vs. sunshine, we do frequently link the song’s
lyrics to the visual we present in the presentation. For example, in
our 1st scene we have the lyrics” You are a sad frown, and I am a
smile, you are tearful, and I am laughter” these lyrics are associated
with each of our characters. When the lines you are a sad frown
and you are tearful” are sung, we will show the sad female
character with a sad frown and a tearful eye, repectively. For the
lines and I am a smile and I am laughter, we will show the male
character smiling and laughing respectively. In scene 2 we have the
lyrics “and I will help you climb this hill”. We visualize this by having
our male character walk over to the female character and offer her
a hand to help her onto her feet so she can climb the hill.

12. • Music and visuals are linked
we also link the music and visuals. In one shot we see the
narrator playing his guitar in time with the guitar solo in the
song.
• Intertextuality
we do have one intertextual reference in our music video. In
scene 2, the hill where the scene takes place is a reference to
the nursery rhyme, jack and Jill. We even have a well at the
top of the hill, as referenced by the line in the rhyme jack and
Jill went up the hill to fetch a pale of water”.

13. • Genre conventions
• Our video does show genre conventions. For example,
one shot shows the stories narrator playing the guitar,
when the guitar part of the song plays. The lyrics of the
song also have an effect on the narrative and the
images that we show during the video. An example of
this is how the line “I will help you climb this hill”. In the
video the male character does help her climb the hill.
The hill can also be a metaphor for the female
characters depression.

14. • Representation of music or artist
• As our artist, lion o Brien isn't a big name in the music industry; we
can’t represent him with various trademarks. We can represent
the genre of music though (indie). We do this with performance
shots and genre conventions, such as lyrics having an effect on
narrative.
• Voyeurism
• We have also incorporated voyeurism into our video. An example
of this would be in the opening scene, where we witness both of
the characters lives through the windows on their house. We (as
the audience) are essentially spying on them and their relationship
issues.