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Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage



Educational Toolkit
Teaching Material

Basic Course
Adopt a Site
Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students

   Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

      Copyright
      ©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012
      This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the project ELAICH –
      Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4
      Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to the ELAICH Beneficiaries.

      This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational toolkit for the
      educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education, by any means at all times and
      on any downloads, copies and or, adaptations, clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making
      reference to these terms.

      Use of the material amounting to a distortion or mutilation of the material or is otherwise prejudicial to the honor or
      reputation of ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011 is forbidden.

      Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than intended (2)
      copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in any publication of any kind (4)
      used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless prior written permission of the ELAICH
      Beneficiaries has been obtained.

      Disclaimer
      This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this
      document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as
      reflecting the position of the European Union.

      Photographs: Courtesy of Anna Lobovikov-Katz


Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology



                                                                                                                                Slide 2
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

Abstract Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for
         eLAICH students are specifically targeted to prepare the
           students for the on-site educational activity upon the
           completion of study of all 6 Modules.




      Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology



                                                                           Slide 3
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

 Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
                   for eLAICH students
                             Aim
The in-situ survey project is intended to reinforce and
apply the theoretical knowledge accumulated during the
previous teaching sessions in the framework of eLAICH
through the in-situ survey and analysis of a historic site,
which is focused on the deterioration of building materials
used on a (portion of a) historic building/site. The second
aim of this work is to collect data, to understand it, and to
shape the results of your analysis and conclusions in a way
understandable by other people.
       Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 4
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

  Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
                    for eLAICH students
                          What is most important?
•Accuracy: In this work you will have to be as accurate as possible, both in
graphic and verbal description.
•Application of knowledge that you have acquired through the
ELAICH classes related to various conservation issues, such as: types
of deterioration, degrees of deterioration, possible causes of decay, different
building materials, different types of structures and their elements, etc.
•Please keep in mind that you are not a professional conservation expert (that
would need a much longer period of study). However, you may make a real
contribution to preservation of cultural heritage – you just need to look,                         see,
describe. You may not know what type of deterioration you’ve just discovered,
but if you describe it accurately, you may help a conservation expert/ historic site
manager in preserving your cultural heritage.
          Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site    Slide 5
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

 Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
                   for eLAICH students
                                   Important note
You are requested to examine and document the
texture and color of stone, mortars, etc. as accurately as
possible. Please pay attention even to slight differences
in color, texture, thickness of layer, etc.




      Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 6
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

  Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
                    for eLAICH students
              Guidelines for observation and analysis
It is recommended to summarize the preliminary analysis performed in-
situ, such as:
a. What is the location of each specific type of deterioration? (Each
type of deterioration of a certain visual appearance.)

b. What is special about this location (e.g. close to the ground / roof / close to
the water source / unique location / recurring feature in different sections of
the building which are characterised by . . ., etc.)
c. Is a building material unique for your section (e.g. – specific stone
color, texture, shape or deterioration type appears only in the
section where your team is working? (Collaborate with other teams consulting
data collected by them.)
         Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 7
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

  Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
                    for eLAICH students
              Guidelines for observation and analysis
d. What might be the causes of deterioration which you discovered?
e. What do you think should be performed as part of a "monitoring" process?
What should be done to prevent future decay, as
part of "preventive conservation”?
f. In consultation with your ELAICH local conservation expert, create ​a legend
shared for all teams. In case you cannot get the consultation – try to compare it
to the material studied in the eLAICH Modules; you might find helpful Glossaries
on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, available on the Internet.
There should be a separate legend for
        Types of building materials
               Types of deterioration
                       Grades (degrees) of deterioration
         Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 8
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
                  for eLAICH students
                                       What is it?

Documentation of built heritage comprises collecting on site and
processing precise data on historic buildings and sites, both in written and
two-dimensional images. Documentation involves different types and
techniques of documentation and measurements, from photography and
sketches to precise drawings and sophisticated advanced techniques, like
photogrammetry and laser scanning.




       Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 9
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
                  for eLAICH students
                                          Mapping

Documentation of built heritage comprises collecting on site and
processing precise data on historic buildings and sites, both in written and
two-dimensional images, which involves different types and techniques of
documentation and measurements, from photography and sketches to
precise drawings and sophisticated advanced techniques, like
photogrammetry and laser scanning (see Module 1: Topic 1.5.).




       Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 10
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

  Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
                    for eLAICH students
Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site
Level “A”              Photographs taken by eLAICH students;
Level “B”              Sketches made by eLAICH students;
Level “C”              Measurements to be elaborated in precise drawings to be
                       produced by eLAICH students.
Level “A” is the basic level, which doesn’t demand any sketching ability
or background of students.

Level “B” is based on basic sketching ability or background of students.

Level “C” is the advanced level, which includes producing simple
precise drawings by the students, and taking measurements on site.

            Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 11
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

 Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
                   for eLAICH students
Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site




      Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 12
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

 Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
                   for eLAICH students
Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site




      Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 13
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

 Principles of study and documentation of a historic site
                   for eLAICH students
Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site




      Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 14
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “A”:                  Photographs



                                                      Step I
                                                      Photographic survey


                                                    From students’ work in the course “Documentation of
                                                    historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and
                                                    Town Planning, Technion,
                                                    (supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011.
                                                    Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit
                                                    Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll;




Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site             Slide 15
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “A”:                  Photographs


                                                     Step II
                                                     Mapping on photograph:
                                                     Studying stones

                                                    From students’ work in the course “Documentation of
                                                    historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and
                                                    Town Planning, Technion,
                                                    (supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011.
                                                    Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit
                                                    Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll;




Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site             Slide 16
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “A”:                  Photographs


                                                      Step II
                                                      Mapping on
                                                      photograph:
                                                      Different degrees of
                                                      deterioration
                                                    From students’ work in the course “Documentation of
                                                    historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and
                                                    Town Planning, Technion,
                                                    (supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011.
                                                    Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit
                                                    Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll;




Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site             Slide 17
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “A”:                  Photographs



                                                      Step II
                                                      Mapping on
                                                      photograph:
                                                      Cracks, plaster, cement
                                                    From students’ work in the course “Documentation of
                                                    historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and
                                                    Town Planning, Technion,
                                                    (supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011.
                                                    Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit
                                                    Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll;




Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site             Slide 18
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                            Documentation on site


                                                                                           From students’
                                                                                           work in the course
                                                                                           “Documentation of
                                                                                           historic building
                                                                                           and sites” Faculty
                                                                                           of Architecture
                                                                                           and Town
                                                                                           Planning,
                                                                                           Technion,
                                                                                           (supervised by
                                                                                           Anna Lobovikov-
                                                                                           Katz) 2011.
                                                                                           Work by Yanai
                                                                                           Apelbaum, Zahi
                                                                                           Zafrani, Ronit
                                                                                           Negrea, Daniel
                                                                                           Koppel, Ori Roll;




Level “A”: Example of Steps I & II: Mapping on photograph
      Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site         Slide 19
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                            Documentation on site


                                                                                           From students’
                                                                                           work in the course
                                                                                           “Documentation of
                                                                                           historic building
                                                                                           and sites” Faculty
                                                                                           of Architecture
                                                                                           and Town
                                                                                           Planning, Technio
                                                                                           n,
                                                                                           (supervised by
                                                                                           Anna Lobovikov-
                                                                                           Katz) 2011.
                                                                                           Work by Yanai
                                                                                           Apelbaum, Zahi
                                                                                           Zafrani, Ronit
                                                                                           Negrea, Daniel
                                                                                           Koppel, Ori Roll;




Level “A”: Example of Steps I & II: Mapping on photograph
      Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site         Slide 20
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                            Documentation on site


                                                          Level “B”:                Sketches


                                                                               From students’ work in the
                                                                               ELAICH Pilot course, the
                                                                               Hebrew Reali School, Haifa,
                                                                               (Supervisor: Anna Lobovikov-
                                                                               Katz) 2010.




Correct                             Incorrect (in perspective distortion)
      Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site        Slide 21
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “B”:                Sketches


                                                                         From students’ work in the
                                                                         ELAICH Pilot course, the
                                                                         Hebrew Reali School, Haifa,
                                                                         (Supervisor: Anna Lobovikov-
                                                                         Katz) 2010.


                                                                  Step I
                                                                  Making free hand
                                                                  sketch on site
                                                                  (as precise
                                                                  as possible)
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site        Slide 22
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “B”:                Sketches


                                                                         From students’ work in the
                                                                         ELAICH Pilot course, the
                                                                         Hebrew Reali School, Haifa,
                                                                         (Supervisor: Anna Lobovikov-
                                                                         Katz) 2010.


                                                                    Step II
                                                                    Mapping visual
                                                                    information on
                                                                    sketch on site:
                                                                    Building materials


Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site        Slide 23
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                              Documentation on site


                                                            Level “C”:      Measurements
                                                            & precise drawings




                                                               Step I
                                                               Taking measurements
Due to its “rigid”                                             on site
form triangular is
currently used as a
basis for
measurements.

        Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 24
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “C”:      Measurements
                                                    & precise drawings


                                                     Step I
                                                     Taking measurements
                                                     on site
                                                     Triangular measurements of
                                                     arches, curves, any shape.




Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 25
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “C”:      Measurements
                                                    & precise drawings


                                                     Step I
                                                     Taking measurements
                                                     on site
                                                     Triangular measurements of
                                                     arches, curves, any shape.
                                                     Example: measuring “green line”. You
                                                     should check with level that meter is
                                                     horizontal.


Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 26
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “C”:      Measurements
                                                    & precise drawings

                                                                 Step I
                                                                 Taking
                                                                 measurements on
                                                                 site
                                                                 Triangular
                                                                 measurements of
                                                                 arches, curves, any
                                                                 shape.
                                                                 Example: measuring arch

Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 27
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “C”:      Measurements
                                                    & precise drawings

                                                                 Step I
                                                                 Taking
                                                                 measurements on
                                                                 site
                                                                 Triangular
                                                                 measurements of
                                                                 arches, curves, any
                                                                 shape.
                                                                 Example: measuring arch

Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 28
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “C”:      Measurements
                                                    & precise drawings


                                                     Step I
                                                     Taking measurements
                                                     on site
                                                     Measurements’ results can
                                                     be marked on a photograph,
                                                     or more commonly – on a
                                                     sketch, produced specially
                                                     for this purpose.
Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 29
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                      Documentation on site


                                                    Level “C”:      Measurements
                                                    & precise drawings
                                                     Step I
                                                     Taking measurements
                                                     on site


                                    Page from field book, which contains all
                                    notes, measurements and sketches
                                    taken on site. It is the original document
                                    of an on-site survey.


Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 30
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                             Documentation on site


                                                           Level “C”:      Measurements
                                                           & precise drawings

                                                                        Step I
                                                                        Taking
                                                                        measurements on
                                                                        site
                                         Triangular
                                         measurements of
http://www.elaich.technion.ac.il/index.php?option=com_conte
                                         arches, curves, any
             nt&view=article&id=73&Itemid=106
                                         shape.
                                                                        Example: measuring arch

       Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site   Slide 31
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
              techniques and results

    Documentation methods and techniques
           Photographic survey
                                                                 Photography can provide
                                                               data regarding the shape of
                                                                       the building, its
                                                                  conservation state, and
                                                                different materials used in
                                                                  its construction/ repair/
                                                                   previous restorations.
                                                                Photographic surveys can
                                                                be focused on general info
                                                               – general view of a building,
                                                                    as well as document
                                                               systematically every single
                                                                            detail.
     Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage   Slide 32
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
              techniques and results

    Documentation methods and techniques
           Photographic survey
                                                                  Photography can provide
                                                                  data regarding the shape
                                                                       of the building, its
                                                                   conservation state, and
                                                                   different materials used
                                                                      in its construction.
                                                                    Photographic surveys
                                                                      can be focused on
                                                                    general info – general
                                                                    view of a building, as
                                                                       well as document
                                                                     systematically every
                                                                          single detail.
     Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage   Slide 33
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
              techniques and results

    Documentation methods and techniques
           Photographic survey
                                                                 Photographic survey
                                                                 From students’ work in the course
                                                                 “Documentation of historic building
                                                                 and sites” Faculty of Architecture and
                                                                 Town Planning, Technion,
                                                                 (supervised by author) 2011.
                                                                 Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi
                                                                 Zafrani, Ronit Negrea, Daniel Koppel,
                                                                 Ori Roll; Boaz Barr, Ben Coen, Omer
                                                                 Cohen




     Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage            Slide 34
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
              techniques and results

    Documentation methods and techniques
             Precise drawings
                                                             Precise drawings: façade –
                                                             shows a view (projection) of a
                                                             wall, in accordance with a set
                                                             of requirements applied in
                                                             precise drawing (drafting).
                                                             Students’ work in the course “Documentation
                                                             of historic building and sites” Faculty of
                                                             Architecture and Town
                                                             Planning, Technion, (supervised by author)
                                                             2011. Work by Uri Kfir, Yael Itzkin, Na'ama
                                                             Sivan, Reut Shpatz




     Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage           Slide 35
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

           From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
                         techniques and results

                    Documentation methods and techniques
                             Precise drawings




Precise drawings: plan – shows a view (projection) of a floor from above, in
accordance with a set of requirements applied in precise drawing (drafting).
Student’s work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion
(supervised by author) 2003. Precise drawing coordination by Anna Shiffman, Vladimir Feigin, Yulia Podolsky

                       Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage                 Slide 36
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
              techniques and results

    Documentation methods and techniques
                  Mapping
                                                            The results of the
                                                            documentation and
                                                            measurements undertaken on
                                                            a historic building/ site can be
                                                            processed and combined in a
                                                            graphic representation of the
                                                            analysis of building materials
                                                            used in a building, and its
                                                            conservation state. This is
                                                            called “mapping”. Students’ work in
                                                            the course “Documentation of historic building
                                                            and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town
                                                            Planning, Technion, (supervised by author)
                                                            2011. Work by Uri Kfir, Yael Itzkin, Na'ama
                                                            Sivan, Reut Shpatz

     Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage             Slide 37
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
              techniques and results

    Documentation methods and techniques
                 Equipment
                                  Equipment developed for geodetic survey is
                                  widely used in conservation and varies from
                                  simple to sophisticated. Here a simple level
                                  (leveling instrument) allows establishment of a
                                  virtual horizontal plane, to enable the surveyor
                                  to collect data about relative height, e.g. of
                                  different parts and elements of this courtyard of
                                  a “Khan” (inn) built at the end of 18th century in
                                  Acre. Are you sure the floor is horizontal?
                                  Columns are of equal height? You can check it
                                  with a level. Nothing should be “assumed” by a
                                  conservation surveyor - everything should be
                                  measured and documented.
                                   n
     Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage   Slide 38
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

      From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation
                    techniques and results

           Documentation methods and techniques
                                                                                       Text
 A few examples of advanced documentation techniques can be
   accessed on the Advanced Topics section of Module 1, e.g.
                      regarding laser scanner:
Digital Documentation of Heritage. Queen’s University, Belfast, School
of Geography, Archaeology, and Palaeoecology - funded by Engineering
            and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC)
         http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6PMcP8BkWE.



             Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage      Slide 39
Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage

                Thank you for your attention




                                                           © Anna Lobovikov-Katz



© Anna Lobovikov-Katz


                            Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.                           Slide 40

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Elaich_adopt_site_principles_compressed

  • 1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Educational Toolkit Teaching Material Basic Course Adopt a Site Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology
  • 2. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Copyright ©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2012 This material is an integral part of the “ELAICH – educational toolkit” and developed as part of the project ELAICH – Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage within the framework of EuroMed Cultural Heritage 4 Programme under grant agreement ENPI 150583. All rights reserved to the ELAICH Beneficiaries. This material, in its entirety only, may be used in "fair use" only as part of the ELAICH – educational toolkit for the educational purposes by non-profit educational establishments or in self-education, by any means at all times and on any downloads, copies and or, adaptations, clearly indicating “©ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011” and making reference to these terms. Use of the material amounting to a distortion or mutilation of the material or is otherwise prejudicial to the honor or reputation of ELAICH Beneficiaries 2009-2011 is forbidden. Use of parts of the material is strictly forbidden. No part of this material may be: (1) used other than intended (2) copied, reproduced or distributed in any physical or electronic form (3) reproduced in any publication of any kind (4) used as part of any other teaching material in any framework; unless prior written permission of the ELAICH Beneficiaries has been obtained. Disclaimer This document has been produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The contents of this document are the sole responsibility of the ELAICH Consortium and can under no circumstances be regarded as reflecting the position of the European Union. Photographs: Courtesy of Anna Lobovikov-Katz Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Slide 2
  • 3. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Abstract Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students are specifically targeted to prepare the students for the on-site educational activity upon the completion of study of all 6 Modules. Dr. Anna Lobovikov-Katz -Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Slide 3
  • 4. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students Aim The in-situ survey project is intended to reinforce and apply the theoretical knowledge accumulated during the previous teaching sessions in the framework of eLAICH through the in-situ survey and analysis of a historic site, which is focused on the deterioration of building materials used on a (portion of a) historic building/site. The second aim of this work is to collect data, to understand it, and to shape the results of your analysis and conclusions in a way understandable by other people. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 4
  • 5. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students What is most important? •Accuracy: In this work you will have to be as accurate as possible, both in graphic and verbal description. •Application of knowledge that you have acquired through the ELAICH classes related to various conservation issues, such as: types of deterioration, degrees of deterioration, possible causes of decay, different building materials, different types of structures and their elements, etc. •Please keep in mind that you are not a professional conservation expert (that would need a much longer period of study). However, you may make a real contribution to preservation of cultural heritage – you just need to look, see, describe. You may not know what type of deterioration you’ve just discovered, but if you describe it accurately, you may help a conservation expert/ historic site manager in preserving your cultural heritage. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 5
  • 6. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students Important note You are requested to examine and document the texture and color of stone, mortars, etc. as accurately as possible. Please pay attention even to slight differences in color, texture, thickness of layer, etc. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 6
  • 7. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students Guidelines for observation and analysis It is recommended to summarize the preliminary analysis performed in- situ, such as: a. What is the location of each specific type of deterioration? (Each type of deterioration of a certain visual appearance.) b. What is special about this location (e.g. close to the ground / roof / close to the water source / unique location / recurring feature in different sections of the building which are characterised by . . ., etc.) c. Is a building material unique for your section (e.g. – specific stone color, texture, shape or deterioration type appears only in the section where your team is working? (Collaborate with other teams consulting data collected by them.) Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 7
  • 8. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students Guidelines for observation and analysis d. What might be the causes of deterioration which you discovered? e. What do you think should be performed as part of a "monitoring" process? What should be done to prevent future decay, as part of "preventive conservation”? f. In consultation with your ELAICH local conservation expert, create ​a legend shared for all teams. In case you cannot get the consultation – try to compare it to the material studied in the eLAICH Modules; you might find helpful Glossaries on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, available on the Internet. There should be a separate legend for Types of building materials Types of deterioration Grades (degrees) of deterioration Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 8
  • 9. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students What is it? Documentation of built heritage comprises collecting on site and processing precise data on historic buildings and sites, both in written and two-dimensional images. Documentation involves different types and techniques of documentation and measurements, from photography and sketches to precise drawings and sophisticated advanced techniques, like photogrammetry and laser scanning. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 9
  • 10. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students Mapping Documentation of built heritage comprises collecting on site and processing precise data on historic buildings and sites, both in written and two-dimensional images, which involves different types and techniques of documentation and measurements, from photography and sketches to precise drawings and sophisticated advanced techniques, like photogrammetry and laser scanning (see Module 1: Topic 1.5.). Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 10
  • 11. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site Level “A” Photographs taken by eLAICH students; Level “B” Sketches made by eLAICH students; Level “C” Measurements to be elaborated in precise drawings to be produced by eLAICH students. Level “A” is the basic level, which doesn’t demand any sketching ability or background of students. Level “B” is based on basic sketching ability or background of students. Level “C” is the advanced level, which includes producing simple precise drawings by the students, and taking measurements on site. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 11
  • 12. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 12
  • 13. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 13
  • 14. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Principles of study and documentation of a historic site for eLAICH students Optional levels of recording in students’ study on site Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 14
  • 15. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “A”: Photographs Step I Photographic survey From students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011. Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll; Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 15
  • 16. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “A”: Photographs Step II Mapping on photograph: Studying stones From students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011. Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll; Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 16
  • 17. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “A”: Photographs Step II Mapping on photograph: Different degrees of deterioration From students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011. Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll; Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 17
  • 18. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “A”: Photographs Step II Mapping on photograph: Cracks, plaster, cement From students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by Anna Lobovikov-Katz) 2011. Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll; Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 18
  • 19. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site From students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by Anna Lobovikov- Katz) 2011. Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll; Level “A”: Example of Steps I & II: Mapping on photograph Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 19
  • 20. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site From students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technio n, (supervised by Anna Lobovikov- Katz) 2011. Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll; Level “A”: Example of Steps I & II: Mapping on photograph Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 20
  • 21. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “B”: Sketches From students’ work in the ELAICH Pilot course, the Hebrew Reali School, Haifa, (Supervisor: Anna Lobovikov- Katz) 2010. Correct Incorrect (in perspective distortion) Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 21
  • 22. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “B”: Sketches From students’ work in the ELAICH Pilot course, the Hebrew Reali School, Haifa, (Supervisor: Anna Lobovikov- Katz) 2010. Step I Making free hand sketch on site (as precise as possible) Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 22
  • 23. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “B”: Sketches From students’ work in the ELAICH Pilot course, the Hebrew Reali School, Haifa, (Supervisor: Anna Lobovikov- Katz) 2010. Step II Mapping visual information on sketch on site: Building materials Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 23
  • 24. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “C”: Measurements & precise drawings Step I Taking measurements Due to its “rigid” on site form triangular is currently used as a basis for measurements. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 24
  • 25. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “C”: Measurements & precise drawings Step I Taking measurements on site Triangular measurements of arches, curves, any shape. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 25
  • 26. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “C”: Measurements & precise drawings Step I Taking measurements on site Triangular measurements of arches, curves, any shape. Example: measuring “green line”. You should check with level that meter is horizontal. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 26
  • 27. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “C”: Measurements & precise drawings Step I Taking measurements on site Triangular measurements of arches, curves, any shape. Example: measuring arch Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 27
  • 28. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “C”: Measurements & precise drawings Step I Taking measurements on site Triangular measurements of arches, curves, any shape. Example: measuring arch Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 28
  • 29. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “C”: Measurements & precise drawings Step I Taking measurements on site Measurements’ results can be marked on a photograph, or more commonly – on a sketch, produced specially for this purpose. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 29
  • 30. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “C”: Measurements & precise drawings Step I Taking measurements on site Page from field book, which contains all notes, measurements and sketches taken on site. It is the original document of an on-site survey. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 30
  • 31. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Documentation on site Level “C”: Measurements & precise drawings Step I Taking measurements on site Triangular measurements of http://www.elaich.technion.ac.il/index.php?option=com_conte arches, curves, any nt&view=article&id=73&Itemid=106 shape. Example: measuring arch Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Principles of study and documentation of a historic site Slide 31
  • 32. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Documentation methods and techniques Photographic survey Photography can provide data regarding the shape of the building, its conservation state, and different materials used in its construction/ repair/ previous restorations. Photographic surveys can be focused on general info – general view of a building, as well as document systematically every single detail. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 32
  • 33. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Documentation methods and techniques Photographic survey Photography can provide data regarding the shape of the building, its conservation state, and different materials used in its construction. Photographic surveys can be focused on general info – general view of a building, as well as document systematically every single detail. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 33
  • 34. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Documentation methods and techniques Photographic survey Photographic survey From students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by author) 2011. Work by Yanai Apelbaum, Zahi Zafrani, Ronit Negrea, Daniel Koppel, Ori Roll; Boaz Barr, Ben Coen, Omer Cohen Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 34
  • 35. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Documentation methods and techniques Precise drawings Precise drawings: façade – shows a view (projection) of a wall, in accordance with a set of requirements applied in precise drawing (drafting). Students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by author) 2011. Work by Uri Kfir, Yael Itzkin, Na'ama Sivan, Reut Shpatz Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 35
  • 36. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Documentation methods and techniques Precise drawings Precise drawings: plan – shows a view (projection) of a floor from above, in accordance with a set of requirements applied in precise drawing (drafting). Student’s work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion (supervised by author) 2003. Precise drawing coordination by Anna Shiffman, Vladimir Feigin, Yulia Podolsky Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 36
  • 37. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Documentation methods and techniques Mapping The results of the documentation and measurements undertaken on a historic building/ site can be processed and combined in a graphic representation of the analysis of building materials used in a building, and its conservation state. This is called “mapping”. Students’ work in the course “Documentation of historic building and sites” Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion, (supervised by author) 2011. Work by Uri Kfir, Yael Itzkin, Na'ama Sivan, Reut Shpatz Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 37
  • 38. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Documentation methods and techniques Equipment Equipment developed for geodetic survey is widely used in conservation and varies from simple to sophisticated. Here a simple level (leveling instrument) allows establishment of a virtual horizontal plane, to enable the surveyor to collect data about relative height, e.g. of different parts and elements of this courtyard of a “Khan” (inn) built at the end of 18th century in Acre. Are you sure the floor is horizontal? Columns are of equal height? You can check it with a level. Nothing should be “assumed” by a conservation surveyor - everything should be measured and documented. n Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 38
  • 39. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage From: 1.5.3. Selected examples of documentation techniques and results Documentation methods and techniques Text A few examples of advanced documentation techniques can be accessed on the Advanced Topics section of Module 1, e.g. regarding laser scanner: Digital Documentation of Heritage. Queen’s University, Belfast, School of Geography, Archaeology, and Palaeoecology - funded by Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h6PMcP8BkWE. Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch.– Topic 1.5: Documentation of cultural heritage Slide 39
  • 40. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage Thank you for your attention © Anna Lobovikov-Katz © Anna Lobovikov-Katz Dr. A. Lobovikov-Katz, Arch. Slide 40