ELAICH - Educational Linkage Approach in Cultural Heritage. For more information and presentations, please visit: http://elaich.technion.ac.il/ Demonstration of density – porosity measurements

1. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
Educational Toolkit
Exercises
Basic Course
Cours
Module 2 Knowing the built heritage
Exercise 2 .A Demonstration of density – porosity measurements
Prof. Antonia Moropoulou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens

2. Educational Linkage Approach In Cultural Heritage
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Prof. Antonia Moropoulou - NTUA – National Technical University of Athens

3. The porous structure of
materials and the study of their
compatibility in relation to
water and soluble salts
transport phenomena
Prof. Antonia Moropoulou 3

4. DEMONSTRATION
OF DENSITY – POROSITY MEASUREMENTS
Prof. Antonia Moropoulou 4

5. [ Items needed: Pebbles of various sizes, water, beaker, ruler, balance]
Step 1. Separate pebbles into three or four similar sizes
d
Step 2. Weigh the empty beaker (Wo)
Measure the beaker’s diameter (d)
Prof. Antonia Moropoulou 5

6. Step 3. Fill the beaker with large
pebbles. Do not shake. Weigh
the beaker with the pebbles.
This is weight W1
H
Step 4. Slowly pour water into the
beaker until it just covers the
last top pebbles. Weigh the
beaker with the pebbles and
water. This is weight W2
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7. Step 5. Calculate the apparent density of the large pebbles
Weight of pebbles W1 − W0
ρb = =
Apparent volume of pebbles d2
π H
4
Step 6. Calculate the true density of the large pebbles
Weight of pebbles W1 − W0
ρs = =
True volume of pebbles d2
π H − (W2 − W1 ) ρ water
4
Step 7. Repeat steps 3-6 for all other pebble groups. Discuss the
density values obtained
Prof. Antonia Moropoulou 7

8. Step 8. Calculate the porosity of the “pebble cylinder” which emulates
the microstructure of a porous stone
Volume of pores (W2 − W1 ) ρ water
P = =
Total volume d2
π H
4
Step 9. Repeat step 8 for all other pebble groups. Discuss the
porosity values obtained
Step 10. MIX ALL PEBBLES TOGETHER
Step 11. Repeat steps 3-6 using the mixed collection of pebbles.
SHAKE when pouring them into beaker. Discuss the different
values of apparent density and true density obtained
Step 12. Repeat step 8 using the mixed collection of pebbles. Discuss
the different porosity value obtained
Prof. Antonia Moropoulou 8