1. WASTE MANAGEMENT & DISPOSAL
COMPILED BY : EKRAKENE PETER
HSE REP
OLUTEE ENG. NIG LTD

2. OBJECTIVES
At the end of this Presentation, you will be able to
 know the benefits of waste management process
Identify the different waste streams
Understand the need to segregate waste from the
source
Know the merits and demerits of various waste
management process
Know your responsibility in the NMA/EGTL project
waste management plan
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

3. Make a choice of the method
of waste management you
prefer
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

4. Waste Management
Activities that deal with waste before and after it is
produced, including its minimization, transfer, storage,
separation, recovery, recycling, and final disposal. All
wastes materials, whether they are solid, semi-solid,
liquid, gaseous or radioactive fall within the remit of
waste management
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

5. Waste Management Hierarchy
The steeper the pyramid becomes the better
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

6. DEFINITION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
Waste management is the collection, transportation,
processing or disposal of waste materials usually
produced by human activities, in an effort to reduce
their effect on human health or local amenities. These
processes is regulated throughout the world and it
requires the waste operator to be licensed or given
permission by the local regulatory agency. Waste
management can involve solid, semi-solid, liquid or
gaseous waste, with different methods and field of
expertise for each.
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

7. Importance of Waste
Management
Waste that is not properly managed can create serious
health or social problems in a community. Examples of
such problems are;
Pests and disease: Food waste attracts
pests and vermin, like feral pigs and rats. These pests
and vermin can start or spread disease in the
community. Piles of old garden waste and pieces of old
furniture left in yards can shelter vermin and help them
to breed. Dengue fever can be spread by mosquitoes
that breed in anything that can hold water, like inside
old car tyres, cans, bottles, etc.
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

8. Poison and pollution: Illegally dumped pesticides, motor oil
and other chemicals can contaminate land, creeks, and water
supplies. People drinking or swimming in polluted water can
get sick.
Human waste and diseases: It is very important to keep
human waste out of water supplies. Human waste (faeces,
poo, ,urine, wee) contains diseases that make people sick.
Human waste can get into the local water supplies from leaking
septic tanks, releasing contaminated water from sewage
treatment plants, dirty nappies, leaking sewage pipes and
people using local creeks as a toilet.
Injury and disease: People can get diseases like tetanus and
leptospirosis if they cut or scratch themselves on pieces of
metal, nails or glass. Children can be seriously hurt by playing
with old car batteries or household cleaners that they find lying
around.
Importance of Waste Management Con’t
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

9. Litter: Litter can be a problem in any community. Broken
bottles and tins, for example, can cause injury if people don’t
put them into bins. Mosquitoes and other vectors can breed in
water trapped in old tyres and bottles. People are more likely to
drop litter in places that already have litter lying around. If they
see litter on the ground, they may think it is OK for them to also
throw their litter on to the ground.
Social and economic problems : Messy yards and streets can
have a bad effect on the attitudes of local people. It can also be
hard to get people to work or live in a community where the
environment looks untidy or unsafe. People can get seriously
sick from badly managed waste problems. If they have to leave
the community to spend time in hospital, the patient and their
families can be badly affected by the separation.
Importance of Waste Management Con’t
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

10. Waste management
Responsibilities
All persons in the NMA/EGTL project has responsibilities towards
effective waste management.
Contractor:
Preparing the project Waste Management Plan (WMP)
Providing sufficient and adequate resources to enable waste
control
Ensuring environmental objectives are met
Identify and quantify all waste streams, etc
Sub-contractors:
Ensuring waste segregation at source
Collection and transportation of solid waste to the WMA
Provision and clear labelling of waste bins / skips to identify the
waste stream
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

11. Methods of Waste Disposal
Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused quarries
, mining voids or borrow pits. A properly designed and well-
managed landfill can be a hygienic and relatively inexpensive
method of disposing of waste materials. Older, poorly designed or
poorly managed landfills can create a number of adverse
environmental impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of
vermin, and generation of liquid leachate. Another common
product of landfills is gas (mostly composed of methane and
carbon dioxide), which is produced as organic waste breaks down
anaerobically. This gas can create odour problems, kill surface
vegetation, and is a greenhouse gas.
Landfills
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

12. Design characteristics of a modern landfill include
methods to contain leachate such as clay or plastic
lining material. Deposited waste is normally compacted
to increase its density and stability, and covered to
prevent attracting vermin (such as mice or rats). Many
landfills also have landfill gas extraction systems
installed to extract the landfill gas. Gas is pumped out
of the landfill using perforated pipes and flared off or
burnt in a gas engine to generate electricity
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

13. Incineration
EGTL Incinerators are mainly uses for incineration
of food wastes
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

14. Incineration con’t
Incineration of waste also known as thermal treatment" is a disposal
method in which solid organic wastes are subjected to combustion so
as to convert them into residue , heat, gas, steam and ash . This
process reduces the volumes of solid waste to 20 to 30 percent of the
original volume . It is recognized as a practical method of disposing
certain hazardous waste materials such as biological medical waste.
Merits:
requires minimum land
can be operated in any weather
produces stable odour-free residue
refuse volume is reduced by half
Demerits
expensive to build and operate
high energy requirement
requires skilled personnel and continuous maintenance
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

15. Recycling
Recycling is a resource recovery practice that refers to the collection and reuse
of waste materials such as empty beverage containers. The materials from
which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products. Material for
recycling may be collected separately from general waste using dedicated bins
and collection vehicles are sorted directly from mixed waste streams and are
known as kerb-side recycling, it requires the owner of the waste to separate it
into various different bins (typically wheelie bins) prior to its collection.
The most common consumer products recycled include aluminium, copper
such as wire, steel, or equipment, polyethylene and PET bottles, glass bottles
and jars, paperboard cartons, newspapers, magazines etc.
Merit
key to providing a liveable environment for the future
Demerits
expensive
some wastes cannot be recycled
technological push needed
separation of useful material from waste difficult
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

16. Biological ReprocessingBiological reprocessing
An active compost heap.
Recoverable materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food scraps, and
paper products, can be recovered through composting and digestion processes to
decompose the organic matter. The resulting organic material is then recycled as mulch or
compost for agricultural or landscaping purposes. In addition, waste gas from the process
(such as methane) can be captured and used for generating electricity and heat maximising
efficiencies. The intention of biological processing in waste management is to control and
accelerate the natural process of decomposition of organic matter.
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

17. Energy Recovery
Anaerobic digestion component plant
The energy content of waste products can be harnessed directly by using them as a direct
combustion fuel, or indirectly by processing them into another type of fuel. Thermal treatment
ranges from using waste as a fuel source for cooking or heating and the use of the gas fuel (see
above), to fuel for boilers to generate steam and electricity in a turbine. Pyrolysis and gasification
are two related forms of thermal treatment where waste materials are heated to high temperatures
with limited oxygen availability. The process usually occurs in a sealed vessel under high pressure.
Pyrolysis of solid waste converts the material into solid, liquid and gas products. The liquid and gas
can be burnt to produce energy or refined into other chemical products (chemical refinery). The
solid residue (char) can be further refined into products such as activated carbon
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

18. Avoidance and reduction methods
An important method of waste management is the
prevention of waste material being created, also known
as waste reduction. Methods of avoidance include reuse
of second-hand products, repairing broken items
instead of buying new, designing products to be
refillable or reusable (such as use of refillable water
cans instead going around with disposable water cans),
encouraging consumers to avoid using disposable
products (such as disposable cutlery), removing any
food/liquid remains from cans, packaging, and
designing products that use less material to achieve the
same purpose.
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

19. Do’s of waste management
DO package chemical waste, contaminated sharps
and other piercing objects in appropriate containers.
Do label waste bins/skips with appropriate visible
marking.
DO select a container that is compatible with the
type and amount of waste generated.
DO store all chemical wastes within secondary
containment and ensure MSDS is available.
Do ensure that bins/skips are evacuated daily to
reduce microscopic activities.
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

20. Don’ts of waste management
Do not litter the environment with waste, use
bins/skips
Do not overfill waste bins/skips
Do not pour chemical wastes down the drain
Do not place medical waste and/or food waste in
general waste bins/skips
Do not burn waste
Do not place breakable materials such as bottles,
glasses, etc in waste bins/ skips
Do not handle waste without the necessary
vaccination
Do not handle waste without using the required PPESafety Is Your Personal Responsibility

21. Conclusion
If waste is well managed, the cost of fixing
problems does not become a burden on the
individual or company finances. A good waste
management process makes the environment
clean, safe and tidy.
Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility

22. Safety Is Your Personal Responsibility