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Comparative Constitutional Law The Indian Constitution: Origins and Structure Class 15: October 14, 2008

India: Compare to Canada, U.S., Germany ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Diversity: 24 official languages ,[object Object]

Diversity: 24 official languages (see Part XVII Constitution) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

22 other official languages ,[object Object],[object Object]

Diversity: Many religions and ethnicities

Diversity: Many religions and ethnicities ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Caste system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Caste system ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dalits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Dalits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Article 46. Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections. – (A Directive Principle) ,[object Object]

Origins of Indian Constitution ,[object Object]

Indian Independence from Britain ,[object Object]

Indian Independence from Britain ,[object Object],[object Object]

1947 Indian Independence Act (UK statute) Partition

Indian Independence from Britain: Partition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Indian Independence from Britain ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

First PM Nehru signing Indian Constitution Jan 24, 1950 ,[object Object]

Main Features ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Indian Parliament ,[object Object],[object Object]

House of the People Lok Sabha ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Council of States Rajya Sabha ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

President of India ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Pratiba Patil Elected in 2007

Prime Minister ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dr Manmohan Singh First Sikh PM and first Member of Rajya Sabha

Amendment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How many times has the Indian Constitution been amended?

Limits on amendment ,[object Object]

Art 13(2) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Golak Nath v. Punjab (1967) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Keshvanand Bharat v. Kerala (1973) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Basic Structure Doctrine ,[object Object],[object Object]

What is the Basic Structure? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narayan (1975) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Minerva Mills v. India (1981) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Court in Minerva Mills ,[object Object],[object Object]

S.R. Bommai v. India (1994) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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