EMC 3000 Lecture 3 - Within the Frame

EMC / JOUR 3000
INTRO TO MOTION
PICTURES

Edward Bowen

Lecture Three – Inside the Shot

Technology of Motion Pictures
Intrashot Communication
• Location - A real place chosen to shoot one or more
shots for a film. “Jaws” (1975)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cRpoMpUgC0

shots for a film. “Black Swan” (2010)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMOzjoC1n7Y

shots for a film. “Ana’s Playground” (2009)

• Set - A place built to specifications as an environment
for one of more shots in a film. “Phantom of the
Opera” (2004)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jAR54mNVh48

for one of more shots in a film. “Silent Hill” (2006)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vzu1JR1-RFs

for one of more shots in a film. “Sweeney Todd”
(2007)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xzKu_mSVXlU

for one of more shots in a film. “The Garbage Pail
Kids” (1987)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lXmuXVGidY

• Set Extension - Extending or replacing various
elements within through various special effects.
• Glass Shots and Hanging Miniatures.

• Foreground (hanging) miniatures. “Ben-Hur” (1925)

• Mattes. “Ben-Hur” (1959)

• Virtual extension.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=clnozSXyF4k

• Virtual Set - An environment created through digital
effects. “Tron: Legacy” (2010)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhyScbAZrFs

• Virtual Actors. “Sky Captain and the World of
Tomorrow” (2004) Laurence Olivier (1907-1989)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AqGBt0124bY

• Virtual Actors. “Terminator Salvation” (2009)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L7YYfgx_cHo

• Virtual Actors - The Uncanny Valley

• Virtual Actors - The Uncanny Valley

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNdAIPoh8a4

• Virtual Actors. “Sim0ne” (2002)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=salcZxwspxg

• Blocking - Placement of the actors and determination
of their movements within the location or set and
shot, in relation to the camera.

“Citizen Kane” (1941)

http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/11517/Citizen-Kane-Movie-Clip-The-Sacred-Cause.html


“Citizen Kane”
(1941)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8yuR_HjCLcw


“The Sound of Music” Robert Wise (1965)

http://www.facebook.com/video/video.php?v=10150301284860612


“Jaws” Steven Spielberg (1975)

• Framing - The perceived distance relationship of the
camera (viewer) to the subject

• Framing - Close-up: A shot framed to emphasize the
human head or face, or something of the same
approximate size of the human head. Abbreviated
CU.
• Variations: Extreme Close-up, Shoulder shot.

• Framing - Close-up

• Framing - Close-up. “La Passion de Jeanne D’Arc”
(1928) Carl Theodor Dreyer

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAqnUPqj3JY

• Framing - Close-up. “A Place in the Sun” (1951)
George Stevens

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nAqnUPqj3JY

Framing
Close-ups - Extreme Close-ups

• Framing - Extreme Close-up. “Blue Velvet” (1986)
David Lynch

http://youtu.be/nM975_Ld9S0
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wDEzzFtrCTs
http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/index/?o_cid=mediaroomlink&cid=282728

Framing
Close-ups - Shoulder Shot

Framing
Close-ups – “Jaws”

• Close-up: A shot framed to emphasize the human
head or face, or something of the same approximate
size of the human head. Abbreviated CU. Variations:
Extreme Close-up, Shoulder shot.
• Medium Shot (MS): Shows a person’s face and a
significant portion of the person’s body. Variations:
Waist shot, cowboy, knee shot.

Framing
Medium Shots - Waist Shots

Framing
Medium Shots - Cowboys

Framing
Medium Shots – “Jaws”

significant portion of the person’s body.m Variations:
• Full Shot (FS): Shows one or more full human forms
from just below the feet to just above the head.

Framing
Full Shots

“Top Hat (1935) ”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2poNEiVZNXQ

Framing
Full Shots – “Jaws”

significant portion of the person’s body.m Variations:
• Full Shot (FS): Shows one or more full human forms
from just below the feet to just above the head.
• Long Shot (LS): Includes more of the
environment, establishing more fully details of the
surrounding mise en scene. Variations: Extreme
long shot.

Framing
Long Shots - Extreme Long Shots

Framing
“Lawrence of Arabia” (1962) David Lean

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FvBcl40QOhQ

Framing
“Troy” (2004) Wolfgang Petersen

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cCg8Ku7C5eI

Framing
Long Shots – “Jaws

• Camera Angle - The position/perspective of the
camera (viewer) to the subject.

• Eye Level - Camera is placed face on to the subject

• Low Angle - Camera is below the subject looking up
on it. Since this is the child perspective of an
adult, the low angle is thought to strengthen the
subject. Anyone above your view is a
superior, threatening or dominant.

Perspective
Low Angle – “Jaws”

• Low Angle - Camera is below the subject looking up
on it. Since this is the child perspective of an
adult, the low angle is thought to strengthen the
subject. Anyone above your view is a
superior, threatening or dominant.
• High Angle - Camera is above the subject looking
down on it. Since this is the adult perspective of a
child, the high angle is thought to weaken the
subject. Anyone below your view is subordinate.

Perspective
High Angle
“Footlight Parade” (1933) Lloyd Bacon
Choreography by Busby Berkeley

Perspective
High Angle
“Golddiggers of 1935” (1935) Busby Berkeley


Perspective
High Angle
“Psycho” (1960) Alfred Hitchcock

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=--v0-I0waqs

Perspective
High Angle – “Jaws”

Perspective
Canted / Dutch / Oblique Angle

Perspective
“The Third Man” (1949) Carol Reed


Perspective
“Batman” (1966) Leslie H. Martinson

http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3016507337716192329#

Perspective
“Being Human” (2010)

Perspective
Point of View (POV)

Perspective
Point of View (POV)
Kuleshov Experiment (1910s)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4gLBXikghE0

Perspective
Point of View (POV)
“Rear Window” (1954) Alfred Hitchcock

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QLL8HY8MSPs

Perspective
Point of View (POV)
“Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” (1932) Rouben Mamoulian

http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/222833/Dr-Jekyll-and-Mr-Hyde-
Movie-Clip-What-is-it-Poole-.html

Perspective
Point of View (POV)
“The Lady in the Lake” (1946) Robert Montgomery

http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/34657/Lady-In-The-Lake-The-Original-Trailer-.html

Perspective
Point of View (POV)
“Doom” (2005) Andrzej Bartkowiak

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cpb13mDBP1I

Perspective
Point of View (POV)
“Jaws” (1975) Steven Spielberg

Intrashot Communication -Lenses
• Normal lens – A lens that creates an image similar to
way we normally see the world.

• Wide Angle Lenses – Provide a wider field of
view, deeper focus, and exaggerated depth.

• Wide Angle Lenses – Provide a wider field of
view, deeper focus, and exaggerated depth.
• Fish eye lens – Extreme wide angle.

• Telephoto Lenses – Provide a narrower, magnified
field of view, shallow focus, and compressed depth.

• Telephoto Lenses – Provide a narrower, magnified
field of view, shallow focus, and compressed depth.
• “The Graduate” (1967) Mike Nichols

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i9eIXN6Sp40

• Focus - An image that is sharp with details precisely
defined.

defined.
• Deep Focus -When everything, or almost
everything, in a shot is clearly in focus, deep focus is
achieved.

Focus
Deep Focus
“Citizen Kane” (1941) Orson Welles

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6UeqAXas-oA

defined.
achieved.
• Soft Focus - Certain creative situations call for
images that are not harsh and sharp but muted. Soft
focus is usually achieved by placing something in
front of the lens (gauze), something on the lens
(Vaseline), or slightly defocusing the lens. Older
actors used to insist on gauze shots in closeups in
order to hide the signs of their age.

Focus
Soft Focus

“Casablanca” (1942) Michael Curtiz

Focus
Soft Focus
“Vampyr” (1931) Carl Theodor Dreyer

http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/82463/Vampyr-Movie-Clip-Shadows.html
http://www.tcm.com/mediaroom/video/82468/Vampyr-Movie-Clip-Coffin.html

defined.
achieved.
• Soft Focus - Certain creative situations call for
images that are not harsh and sharp but muted. Soft
focus is usually achieved by placing something in
front of the lens (gauze), something on the lens
(Vaseline), or slightly defocusing the lens. Older
actors used to insist on gauze shots in closeups in
order to hide the signs of their age.
• Selective Focus - Deciding which elements in a shot
will be in and out of focus.
• Rack Focus - Shifting focus during a shot.

Focus
Selective Focus / Rack Focus

“The Young Victoria” (2010) Jean-Marc Vallee

Focus
Selective Focus / Rack Focus

“Apricot” (2009) Ben Briand

EMC 3000 Lecture 3 - Within the Frame

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