Sociolinguistics is the study of the relationship between language and society. It examines how factors like region, social status, and ethnicity can impact language use between groups and individuals. Code-switching occurs when speakers fluidly switch between two or more languages or language varieties during conversation. Code-mixing is similar but involves integrating elements of other languages into sentences. Sociolinguistic concepts like diglossia, bilingualism, and language interference help explain language variation and use within multilingual communities and societies.

1. Introduction to Linguistics
(Session 14: Sociolinguistics)
Edi Brata
Mathla’ul Anwar University

2. What is Sociolinguistics?
It is the study of the relationship between
language and society.

3. The British Vs. The America
• Do they use different language?
• Which one is better, British English or
American English?

4. Malaysia Vs. Indonesia
Indonesia Malaysia
Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Kementerian Tuduh Menuduh
Kementerian Agama Kementerian Tak Berdosa
Angkatan Laut Angkatan Basah Kuyup
Merayap Bersetubuh Dengan Bumi
Purnawirawan Militer Pasukan Tak Berguna
Rumah Sakit Bersalin Hospital Korban Lelaki
Menteri Kehutanan Menteri Semak Belukar
Belok Kiri, Belok Kanan Pusing Kiri, Pusing Kanan
Buldozer Setrika Bumi

5. Malaysia Vs. Indonesia
• Do they use different language?
• Which one is better, Indonesian or
Malaysian?

6. Idiolect, Dialect, and Accent
• The language of an individual speaker with its
unique characteristics is referred to as the
speaker's idiolect.
• Dialect is the variety of a language spoken in a
region includes particular or unique regional
vocabulary, grammar, usage, syntax and accent.
• Accent is the way that words are pronounced
when spoken by individuals in a region.

7. Regionally
Dialect Socially
Phonologically Accent

8. Verbal Repertoire and
Language Society
• Verbal repertoire is defined as the ability to
communicate in a variety of languages ​to
others in a variety of speech.
• Language society is a group of people who
have the same relative verbal repertoire.

9. Language Variety
• User-related varieties:
 Slang  characterized by temporary new terms
 Jargon/Argot/Ken  terms used and
understood by definite community
• Use-related varieties  Register/Style
The use of language based on the situation  job
interview/ academic presentation/ joking/ talking
to small children/ talking to parent

10. Language in Contact
Lingua Franca:
A language that often used by common agreement in such areas
among speakers of other languages for social or commercial
communication.
Pidgin:
A language develops when two native speakers of different language
groups are trying to create a means of communication.
Creole:
A pidgin language develops when language becomes the native language
for the community and the children begin to learn as their first language.

11. Bilingualism and Diglossia
• An individual who speaks two languages,
usually with equal ease, is bilingual.
• Diglossia is used for a speech community
where two languages or dialects are spoken.

12. Speech Event
•Setting/ Scene (time, place)
•Participants
•Ends (Goals)
•Act Sequences (content)
•Key (tone, mood, manner)
•Instrumentalities (spoken, written)
•Norms of Interaction (politeness)
•Genres (poem, story, conversation)

13. Speech Act
• The acts that may be performed by a speaker in
making an utterance as
stating, asking, requesting, advising, warning, or
persuading.
• It considers the terms of content of the message, the
intention of the speaker, and the effect on the
listener.

14. Interference and Integration
• Interference is norm deviations occur in bilingual
speech because of its familiarity to more than one
language, which is due to language contact.
• Integration occurs when elements of other
languages used in a particular language are
accepted become member of that language.

15. Interference
• Grammatical Interference
1. She very loves her brother.
2. He read with slow.
3. As long as holiday, I was very bored.
• Phonological Interference
/mBandung/

16. Code Switching

17. Adopted from Cinta Laura Kiehl's official blog:
How are you all?? At last I'm posting again!!
Blog ini rusak 1 bulan.

18. Adopted from Cinta Laura Kiehl's official blog:
How are you all?? At last I'm posting again!!
Blog ini rusak 1 bulan.

19. Code Switching is switching between two or
more languages, or language varieties, in the
context of a single conversation

20. Code Mixing

21. Quoted from a student blog:
Skip intro yang terlalu pahit untuk pagi seindah ini,
kita mulai hari Senin ini dengan kata "I'm ready for
today".

22. Quoted from a student blog:
Skip intro yang terlalu pahit untuk pagi seindah ini,
kita mulai hari Senin ini dengan kata "I'm ready for
today".

23. Taken from President SBY’s speech:
Inilah yang mendongkrak perekonomian kita
sekarang ini, dan insya Allah growth itu akan
menjadi lebih sustain.

24. Taken from President SBY’s speech:
Inilah yang mendongkrak perekonomian kita
sekarang ini, dan insya Allah growth itu akan
menjadi lebih sustain.

25. Penjual : Monggo mas
Pembeli : Ono pembungkus tas mas?
Penjual : Pembungkus tas? O… cover to sing
dimaksud
Pembeli : Iyo, sing anti air
Penjual : Sing tas karier apa yang day pac?
Pembeli : Tas ransel
Penjual : Sing selawe liter lagi kosong mas, kari
warna pink
Pembeli : Wahaha, yo gak lucu koyo cewek ae. Kapan
ono anek maneh mas?
Penjual : InsyaAllah Minggu ngarep, soale Minggu
iki lagi blonjo.

26. Code Mixing refers to the mixing of two
or more languages or language
varieties in speech.