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Explore Memory Hierarchy to Boost Performance

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Chapter 5 Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
Memory Technology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Β§5.1 Introduction
Principle of Locality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Taking Advantage of Locality ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Memory Hierarchy Levels ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Cache Memory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Β§5.2 The Basics of Caches ,[object Object],[object Object]
Direct Mapped Cache ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” ,[object Object],[object Object]
Tags and Valid Bits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Cache Example ,[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Index V Tag Data 000 N 001 N 010 N 011 N 100 N 101 N 110 N 111 N
Cache Example Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Index V Tag Data 000 N 001 N 010 N 011 N 100 N 101 N 110 Y 10 Mem[10110] 111 N Word addr Binary addr Hit/miss Cache block 22 10 110 Miss 110
Cache Example Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Index V Tag Data 000 N 001 N 010 Y 11 Mem[11010] 011 N 100 N 101 N 110 Y 10 Mem[10110] 111 N Word addr Binary addr Hit/miss Cache block 26 11 010 Miss 010
Cache Example Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Index V Tag Data 000 N 001 N 010 Y 11 Mem[11010] 011 N 100 N 101 N 110 Y 10 Mem[10110] 111 N Word addr Binary addr Hit/miss Cache block 22 10 110 Hit 110 26 11 010 Hit 010
Cache Example Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Index V Tag Data 000 Y 10 Mem[10000] 001 N 010 Y 11 Mem[11010] 011 Y 00 Mem[00011] 100 N 101 N 110 Y 10 Mem[10110] 111 N Word addr Binary addr Hit/miss Cache block 16 10 000 Miss 000 3 00 011 Miss 011 16 10 000 Hit 000
Cache Example Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Index V Tag Data 000 Y 10 Mem[10000] 001 N 010 Y 10 Mem[10010] 011 Y 00 Mem[00011] 100 N 101 N 110 Y 10 Mem[10110] 111 N Word addr Binary addr Hit/miss Cache block 18 10 010 Miss 010
Address Subdivision Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Example: Larger Block Size ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Tag Index Offset 0 3 4 9 10 31 4 bits 6 bits 22 bits
Block Size Considerations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Cache Misses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Write-Through ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Write-Back ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Write Allocation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Example: Intrinsity FastMATH ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Example: Intrinsity FastMATH Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Main Memory Supporting Caches ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Increasing Memory Bandwidth Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Advanced DRAM Organization ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
DRAM Generations Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Year Capacity $/GB 1980 64Kbit $1500000 1983 256Kbit $500000 1985 1Mbit $200000 1989 4Mbit $50000 1992 16Mbit $15000 1996 64Mbit $10000 1998 128Mbit $4000 2000 256Mbit $1000 2004 512Mbit $250 2007 1Gbit $50
Measuring Cache Performance ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Β§5.3 Measuring and Improving Cache Performance
Cache Performance Example ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Average Access Time ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
Performance Summary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”

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Explore Memory Hierarchy to Boost Performance

  • 1. Chapter 5 Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
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  • 10. Cache Example Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Index V Tag Data 000 N 001 N 010 N 011 N 100 N 101 N 110 Y 10 Mem[10110] 111 N Word addr Binary addr Hit/miss Cache block 22 10 110 Miss 110
  • 11. Cache Example Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Index V Tag Data 000 N 001 N 010 Y 11 Mem[11010] 011 N 100 N 101 N 110 Y 10 Mem[10110] 111 N Word addr Binary addr Hit/miss Cache block 26 11 010 Miss 010
  • 12. Cache Example Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Index V Tag Data 000 N 001 N 010 Y 11 Mem[11010] 011 N 100 N 101 N 110 Y 10 Mem[10110] 111 N Word addr Binary addr Hit/miss Cache block 22 10 110 Hit 110 26 11 010 Hit 010
  • 13. Cache Example Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Index V Tag Data 000 Y 10 Mem[10000] 001 N 010 Y 11 Mem[11010] 011 Y 00 Mem[00011] 100 N 101 N 110 Y 10 Mem[10110] 111 N Word addr Binary addr Hit/miss Cache block 16 10 000 Miss 000 3 00 011 Miss 011 16 10 000 Hit 000
  • 14. Cache Example Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Index V Tag Data 000 Y 10 Mem[10000] 001 N 010 Y 10 Mem[10010] 011 Y 00 Mem[00011] 100 N 101 N 110 Y 10 Mem[10110] 111 N Word addr Binary addr Hit/miss Cache block 18 10 010 Miss 010
  • 15. Address Subdivision Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
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  • 23. Example: Intrinsity FastMATH Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€”
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  • 27. DRAM Generations Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy β€” Year Capacity $/GB 1980 64Kbit $1500000 1983 256Kbit $500000 1985 1Mbit $200000 1989 4Mbit $50000 1992 16Mbit $15000 1996 64Mbit $10000 1998 128Mbit $4000 2000 256Mbit $1000 2004 512Mbit $250 2007 1Gbit $50
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Editor's Notes

  1. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  2. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  3. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  4. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  5. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  6. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  7. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  8. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  9. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  10. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  11. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  12. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  13. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  14. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  15. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  16. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  17. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  18. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  19. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  20. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  21. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  22. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  23. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  24. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  25. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  26. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  27. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  28. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  29. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  30. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy
  31. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers 9 March 2010 Chapter 5 β€” Large and Fast: Exploiting Memory Hierarchy