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English Speaking Club (ESC)   Presenter: Nguyễn Đức Minh Khôi
                              Presentation Day: January 3, 2012
TRAINING:
HOW TO WRITE A
GOOD ESSAY
OUTLINE:
            Introduction to writing essay

               Step by step writing

                Make your essay more coherent

               Practice writing an essay

            Question and answer



Training: How to write a good essay             Slide 2
Part 1:
INTRODUCTION TO WRITING
ESSAY

Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 3
                                                                    3
Section preview:

            The important of writing essay


            Structure of an essay


            Special concept


            Some useful grammar points




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 4
                                                                    4
The importance of writing essay
 • Develop your own skills
 • Do your academic writing in your
   university/college
 • Get Scholarship & apply for job in
   the future



 Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                 Training:                       Slide 5
                                                                     5
Structure of an essay




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 6
                                                                    6
Special concept

   Brainstorming
   Thesis statement
   Topic sentence
   Supporting details
   Unity, progression and coherent



Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 7
                                                                    7
Grammar points and useful tips

 Do not use grammar structures and
  vocabulary you do not know well
 Use variety of short and long sentences
 Avoid common sentence error
 Use appropriate word choice and word form




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 8
                                                                    8
Useful conjunction, subordinates,
and conjunctive Adverbs




  Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                  Training:                       Slide 9
                                                                      9
Some useful words




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 10
                                                                      10
Samples of choosing
appropriate words




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 11
                                                                      11
Part 2:
STEP BY STEP WRITING


Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 12
                                                                      12
The process of writing
    Reading and thinking about the question


         Brainstorming , thesis and outlining

                   Writing based on outline:
     Introduction                      Body                     Conclusion


                     Reviewing and correcting

Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                                    Slide 13
                                                                                   13
Reading and thinking about
the question


 What is the topic?
 Teachers are responsible for motivating students to learn
    -> The responsibility of teachers to their students

 What is the task?
               Do you agree or disagree with?
       Use specific reasons and examples to support !!!

Training: How to write a good essayHow to write a good essay
                              Training:                        Slide 14
                                                                     14
Understanding question (cont’)

    Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful
    thought. In your experience, are decisions made quickly better or
     worse than decisions made after careful thought? Use specific
              details and examples to support your answer.


  What is the topic?
  What is the task?

            Make decision quickly or after careful thought
               Your own experience about that topic.
               Give examples and details to support.

 Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                 Training:                         Slide 15
                                                                         15
Brainstorming, thesis
and outlining
Brainstorming:
 is quickly generating ideas (examples,
  reasons, personal experiences, other details)
  in the form of notes, a list, or a diagram.
 is writing down as many ideas as possible in a
  short amount of time.




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 16
                                                                      16
Examples of brainstorming


In a list form:                    In a diagram form
                                                                S not motivated,
                                                                   T can’t help
                                     Self-motivated
                                                                People naturally
                                                                     learn
                  disagree

                                        Parent                    Learning no
                                      responsible                   teacher




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                                          Slide 17
                                                                                         17
Thesis

• state that you agree with a given statement; or
• state that you disagree with a given statement; or
• state which of two positions you hold on a give issue.




Example of thesis:
Although many people believe it is the teacher's
responsibility to motivate students to learn, students will
not learn much unless they are self-motivated
Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 18
                                                                      18
Outlining


 is a simple plan of your essay.
Step: of outlining:
Examples
 choose ideas from your brainstorming that
   will support this position.
 choose two to four of your best examples or
   reasons and discard the rest.
 decide the most effective order for arranging
   these ideas, and write your outline
Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 19
                                                                      19
Examples of Brainstorming,
thesis and outline:
  Some people like to spend their leisure time doing activities with a lot
     of people. Others prefer to spend their leisure in quiet ways by
    themselves or with one other person. Which do you prefer? Use
         specific reasons and examples to support your answer.




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                              Slide 20
                                                                             20
Understanding more how to
structure your essay
 Click here to see the video




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 21
                                                                      21
Writing based on outline



Introduction (intro)
 tells your readers what the essay is about.
 restates the question in your own words and
  expresses the main idea (thesis)
 Thesis often the last sentence of the
  introductory paragraph.

Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 22
                                                                      22
Examples of writing intro



    Sample intro:



     Society is often divided on major issues involving government
     spending. One group believes that we should spend as much money as
     possible on space exploration, while another group thinks that we
     should spend this money on solving basic social problems on Earth. I
     believe there are strong reasons for spending on space technology
     because this leads to knowledge that will benefit society on Earth.




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                             Slide 23
                                                                            23
Analysis of the sample intro
 The first sentence introduces the general topic of the essay: how the
    government should spend money

         Society is often divided on major issues involving government
                                    spending.

 The next sentence restates the question in the writer's own words

         One group believes that we should spend as much money as
       possible on space exploration, while another group thinks that we
      should spend this money on solving basic social problems on Earth.

 The last sentence states the writer's opinion. This is the thesis
    statement. The rest of the essay must support this idea.
     I believe there are strong reasons for spending on space technology
     because this leads to knowledge that will benefit society on Earth.



Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                                  Slide 24
                                                                                 24
Writing body paragraphs
 Body = developmental paragraphs because they
  contain ideas that develop the thesis.
 Each body paragraph should have a topic sentence
  that expresses the main point of the paragraph.
 The topic sentence of the paragraph should also
  directly support the thesis => supporting point.
 The rest of the sentences in the paragraph should
  give appropriate examples, reasons, facts, personal
  experiences, or other supporting details.




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 25
                                                                      25
Examples of topic sentences and
supporting details




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 26
                                                                      26
Example of body paragraphs (cont’)
 Spending money on space technology can lead to better ways to produce food and
 clothing. Space travel requires special ways to preserve and store food for a long
 journey. Scientists also work on ways to grow vegetables and fruits in space so that
 astronauts can have fresh food. Scientists must develop new types of clothing made
 from new materials. Many of these new methods of food and clothing production
 also benefit people on Earth.

 Space exploration has led to important developments in communications
 technology. One of the first government projects in space technology was for
 satellite communications. Today, this technology benefits everyone who uses
 satellite television or telephones.


 The most important reason for spending money on space technology is that it
 promotes international cooperation. When the governments of several different
 countries work together on space projects, there is better communication between
 countries. The international space station is a good example of international
 cooperation that benefits everyone on Earth. Not only does it lead to scientific
 progress, but it also promotes international understanding.

   Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                   Training:                                    Slide 27
                                                                                      27
Analysis of a body paragraph
Spending money on space technology can lead to better ways to produce food and
clothing. Space travel requires special ways to preserve and store food for a long
journey. Scientists also work on ways to grow vegetables and fruits in space so that
astronauts can have fresh food. Scientists must develop new types of clothing made
from new materials. Many of these new methods of food and clothing production
also benefit people on Earth.

               • Is the topic sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph
               • Supports the thesis of the essay

               Provide specific examples, reasons, or other details that support
               the topic sentence


               Provide additional details that support the topic sentence



                                    Training: How to write a good essay             28
 Training: How to write a good essay                                          Slide 28
Writing conclusion

 is often very short and may contain only one or two sentences.
 should leave your readers with a feeling of completion.
 We can do one or more of the following:
    restate your thesis in different words (paraphrase)
    summarize your supporting points
    draw a conclusion
    make a prediction
    make a recommendation




 Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                 Training:                       Slide 29
                                                                       29
Examples of conclusion and
analysis
 In conclusion, several developments in space technology have already helped
 society on Earth. If we spend money on space programs, we may discover even
 greater knowledge that will improve our life and promote world peace.



                                            Restate the thesis




                                            Make a prediction




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay           Slide 30
                                Training:                                      30
Reviewing and correcting

 Checking:
        Sentence structures
        Sentence variety
        Word choice
        Spelling
 Your essay will be more interesting, more
    effective if you:
      Use variety of short and long sentence
      Avoid common sentence errors
      Use appropriate word choice and word forms
Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 31
                                                                      31
Example of reviewing


Can you identify the errors in the following paragraph?
The same paragraph without errors:
Children must learning about lifeain a comfortable place. If a child is no safe,
                learn about life in comfortable place. If a child is not safe,
the child can't learn nothing. I I want to have children in the future. My duty
                      anything. wanna have children in the future. My duty is
will be to keep my children and protection from bad experiences. I gonna
for keep my children safetysafe and protect them from bad experiences. I
am going to give my children food, other stuffs. Because my If my children
give my children food, clothes, and clothes, and other things.child is
are comfortable, they learn alot of things about life. life. Therefore, I
comfortable, they will will learn a lot of things about On the contrary, I
disagree with the statement.




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                                          Slide 32
                                                                                         32
Review part II
Topic:



 Intro



Body 1



Body 2



Body 3


Conclu-
 sion
  Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                  Training:                       Slide 33
                                                                        33
Answer the following questions
1. How many parts does the question have? What does each
part ask you to do?
2. Does the essay address all parts of the question?
3. How is the essay organized?
4. What does the writer do in the introduction?
5. What is the thesis or main idea of the essay?
6. How does the writer support the thesis?
7. What is the topic sentence of each body paragraph?
8. What specific examples, reasons, and other details does
the writer give? What is their purpose?
9. What does the writer do in the conclusion?
10. Does the essay effectively address the topic and task?
Why or why not?
Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 34
                                                                      34
Part 3:
MAKE YOUR ESSAY MORE
COHERENT

Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 35
                                                                      35
Section preview:



 Preview                       Some key                         Practice
 example                       points                           review
 • Sample                      • Unity                          • Sample
 • Analyze                     • Coherent                       • Questions
                               • Transition


Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                                  Slide 36
                                                                                 36
Preview example
 Read the topic and a paragraph follow:
 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
 The things we learn from our friends are more important than what we
 learn from family.
 Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.


 Sample paragraph
  While my friends have taught me to enjoy my life, my family has taught me
  to be strong. My friends have taught me how to feel independent. They have
  encouraged me to be myself, to have a lot of fun, and to find happiness in
  life. On the other hand, my mother has taught me to be independent in a
  very different way. When I was a child, she gave me advice such as "Fight
  your own battles." She said that so I would be strong because she could not
  always protect me. Sometimes this was very difficult for me when I wanted
  my mother to help me, even though I knew her advice was important.

Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:
                                                                          Slide 37
                                                                                37
Analyze the example:
 This paragraph is easy to read and understand. What
   makes it so? Check all of the statements that are true:
    All of the sentence in the paragraph are simple.
    The topic sentence is stated clearly at the beginning.
    The sentences are written in a logical order.
    All of the ideas in the paragraph support the topic
      sentence.
    The writer uses appropriate transitions to connect ideas.
 Comments:
The paragraph is well organized and coherent. When a piece
of writing is coherent, it is easy for reader to understand.

Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 38
                                                                      38
Some key points
    Unity:
 A well-organized essay has an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.
 Each body paragraph contains one major point that is developed with examples,
  reasons, and other supporting details.
 Each body paragraph supports the thesis of the essay.
 When all of the ideas and information in the essay support the thesis, the essay is
  said to have unity.


    Coherent:
• The body paragraphs should be arranged in the order that will best support the
  thesis.
• Sometimes the body paragraphs are best arranged from the most important
  point to the least important point.
• Sometimes it is more effective to put the most important point last, just before
  the conclusion.
• Sometimes the points are previewed in the introduction.
• When the body paragraphs are arranged effectively and logically, the essay is said
  to have coherence.
  Training: How to write a good essay                                          Slide 39
Some useful transitions




Training: How to write a good essay   Slide 40
Practice example
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The things we learn from our friends are more important than what we
learn from family.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

When I think about the lessons I have learned in my life, I find many
similarities in what I learned from my friends and from my family. There are
also differences. Both kinds of lessons have been very important to me.
However, when I consider them carefully, I know that the lessons from my
family are more important.


 While my friends have taught me to enjoy my life, my family has taught me
 to be strong. My friends have taught me how to feel independent. They have
 encouraged me to be myself, to have a lot of fun, and to find happiness in
 life. On the other hand, my mother has taught me to be independent in a
 very different way. When I was a child, she gave me advice such as "Fight
 your own battles." She said that so I would be strong because she could not
 always protect me. Sometimes this was very difficult for me when I wanted
 my mother to help me, even though I knew her advice was important.
Training: How to write a good essay                                            Slide 41
Practice example (cont’)
 Furthermore, my family has taught me compassion and forgiveness. My
 younger brother taught me these qualities. I will never forget that once I was
 cruel to him because I was angry. My brother was afraid of the dark, but I
 turned off the lights to scare him. He was only six years old, and he was
 afraid and cried. But later he asked to read a book to him until he fell asleep.
 It was his way to forgive me. I can never forget how my little brother taught
 me how to forgive.


 I believe that our family teaches us the most important things because the
 lessons from family last longer. My family has taught me to be independent
 and strong, and this will help me during my whole life. Moreover, they have
 taught me how to forgive, which is necessary for getting along with other
 people. In short, the lessons from my family were not always enjoyable, yet
 the are deeper in my heart.


Training: How to write a good essay                                            Slide 42
Questions review
 Answer the following questions about the example above:
  1. What does the question ask you to do?
  2. What does the writer do in the introduction?
  3. What is the thesis or main idea of the essay?
  4. How is the essay organized?
  5. What is the topic sentence of each body paragraph?
  6. Does the essay have unity? Why or why not?
  7. What transitions help give the essay coherence?
  8. Does the essay effectively address the topic and task? Why or why
  not?



   Training: How to write a good essay                            Slide 43
Part 4:
PRACTICE WRITING AN ESSAY


Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 44
                                                                      44
Topic for writing
Some people learn by reading about things. Others learn by doing
things. Which of these methods of learning is better for you? Use
specific reasons and examples to support your choice. (limited words:
400 words)

 Step by step doing the following tasks:
      Read the question carefully and answer:
        What is the topic?
        What is the tasks?
      In 5 minutes, quickly brainstorm about the topic
       and write down on your draft.
      Now, decide which point of view do you prefer
       and why? Write down the thesis statement.

Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 45
                                                                      45
Writing practice continue

   Choose appropriate details, examples, reasons you have
    listed in brainstorming step to support the thesis, write
    down the outline of your writing.
   Now, review your notes, you are ready to write your own
    essay.
      Based on the thesis statement, in 5 minutes write down the
       introductory paragraph.
      Next, you will have 15 minutes to write your body paragraphs
       depend on your outline. Remember to conclude your topic
       sentences.
      At present, you nearly completed your essay, you will write
       your conclusion paragraph in 5 min. Summary what you have
       written before and … (make prediction, give comments…)

Training: How to write a good essay                          Slide 46
Completing your essay

     Read again your essay, and check the following
      things:
        Your grammar uses and vocabulary
        Are your sentences fragmented?
        Are your body and conclusion paragraphs support
         for the thesis statement?
        Do you give concrete examples and details to
         support?
        In all, is your essay unity and coherent?
     Do any corrections if possible?

Training: How to write a good essay                    Slide 47
Sample response:
 There are a lot of different was for people to learn new things. People can learn
 by reading, or they can learn by doing things. For some people, learning is
 better either one way or the other. I prefer to learn by doing things because
 when I do something myself it becomes more real than when I read about it.

 I learned how to ride a bicycle and drive a car by experience. I rode a bicycle
 when I was six years old. Because I could not read about it, I had to get on the
 bicycle and use my feet and hands. I could also learn from my mistake when I
 fell off my bicycle. Similarly, I learned to drive a car by doing it. Although I had to
 study a driving manual and take a test on a computer, I could not learn driving
 well until I practiced driving in a car.

 Learning mathematics is another example of learning by doing things. When I
 was in sixth grade, my teacher made me students measure our classroom. We
 measured the length and width of the room. Therefore, we learned how to
 calculate the area of our classroom or any other room. This experience made
 mathematics become real for me.


Training: How to write a good essay                                               Slide 48
Sample response continue

Finally, I learned how to use a computer by doing it. I tried to read the computer
manual, but this was difficult for me because the book was very complex. I
learned more when I sat at the keyboard and tried using several keys. Of
course, my teacher explained some things about the computer. However, I
could learn best when I experienced it.

It is true that I have to learn some things by reading, such as history and
literature. Reading gives me important knowledge. However, for most skills
that I need for my life, such as driving a car and using a computer, I must
experience using them in order to learn the skills well. Therefore, I prefer to
learn through action.




 Training: How to write a good essay                                              Slide 49
SUMMARY TODAY TRAINING




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 50
Homework:
Choose one of five topics to write an essay:
 1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All high school
 students should be required to have three years of studying a foreign
 language. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

 2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
 The automobile is destroying our quality of life.
 Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

 3. Some people like to be the leader of a group. Others like to be a
 member of a group in which another person is the leader. Which do you
 prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

 4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Employers should
 be required to provide smoking areas for their employees who smoke
 cigarettes. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

 5. Some students prefer to study at a large university that has several
 thousand students. Other students prefer studying at a small school that
 has only a few hundred students. Which of these two types of schools do
 you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Training: How to write a good essay                                          Slide 51
Part 5:
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS


Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 52
                                                                      52
Appendix: Evaluating the essay
  Your essay may be evaluated based on:
       Organization
       Thesis and support
       Unity and coherence
       Grammar and vocabulary
  Description of Score Levels:




 Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                 Training:                       Slide 53
                                                                       53
Evaluating continue




Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 54
                                                                      54
Reference
 Writing section - Delta's Key to the Next
    Generation TOEFL® Test Advanced Skill
    Practice for the iBT.
   Writing section – Mastering for the TOEFL ®
    iBT Advanced – Compact Test.
   Writing section – The official guide to
    TOEFL® iBT Test, Second Edition – ETS.
   http://toeflessays.com
   http://english-test.net

Training: How to write a good essay           Slide 55
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING


Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay
                                Training:                       Slide 56
                                                                      56

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English Writing Skills

  • 1. English Speaking Club (ESC) Presenter: Nguyễn Đức Minh Khôi Presentation Day: January 3, 2012 TRAINING: HOW TO WRITE A GOOD ESSAY
  • 2. OUTLINE: Introduction to writing essay Step by step writing Make your essay more coherent Practice writing an essay Question and answer Training: How to write a good essay Slide 2
  • 3. Part 1: INTRODUCTION TO WRITING ESSAY Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 3 3
  • 4. Section preview: The important of writing essay Structure of an essay Special concept Some useful grammar points Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 4 4
  • 5. The importance of writing essay • Develop your own skills • Do your academic writing in your university/college • Get Scholarship & apply for job in the future Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 5 5
  • 6. Structure of an essay Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 6 6
  • 7. Special concept  Brainstorming  Thesis statement  Topic sentence  Supporting details  Unity, progression and coherent Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 7 7
  • 8. Grammar points and useful tips  Do not use grammar structures and vocabulary you do not know well  Use variety of short and long sentences  Avoid common sentence error  Use appropriate word choice and word form Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 8 8
  • 9. Useful conjunction, subordinates, and conjunctive Adverbs Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 9 9
  • 10. Some useful words Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 10 10
  • 11. Samples of choosing appropriate words Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 11 11
  • 12. Part 2: STEP BY STEP WRITING Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 12 12
  • 13. The process of writing Reading and thinking about the question Brainstorming , thesis and outlining Writing based on outline: Introduction Body Conclusion Reviewing and correcting Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 13 13
  • 14. Reading and thinking about the question  What is the topic? Teachers are responsible for motivating students to learn -> The responsibility of teachers to their students  What is the task? Do you agree or disagree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support !!! Training: How to write a good essayHow to write a good essay Training: Slide 14 14
  • 15. Understanding question (cont’) Decisions can be made quickly, or they can be made after careful thought. In your experience, are decisions made quickly better or worse than decisions made after careful thought? Use specific details and examples to support your answer.  What is the topic?  What is the task? Make decision quickly or after careful thought Your own experience about that topic. Give examples and details to support. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 15 15
  • 16. Brainstorming, thesis and outlining Brainstorming:  is quickly generating ideas (examples, reasons, personal experiences, other details) in the form of notes, a list, or a diagram.  is writing down as many ideas as possible in a short amount of time. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 16 16
  • 17. Examples of brainstorming In a list form: In a diagram form S not motivated, T can’t help Self-motivated People naturally learn disagree Parent Learning no responsible teacher Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 17 17
  • 18. Thesis • state that you agree with a given statement; or • state that you disagree with a given statement; or • state which of two positions you hold on a give issue. Example of thesis: Although many people believe it is the teacher's responsibility to motivate students to learn, students will not learn much unless they are self-motivated Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 18 18
  • 19. Outlining  is a simple plan of your essay. Step: of outlining: Examples  choose ideas from your brainstorming that will support this position.  choose two to four of your best examples or reasons and discard the rest.  decide the most effective order for arranging these ideas, and write your outline Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 19 19
  • 20. Examples of Brainstorming, thesis and outline: Some people like to spend their leisure time doing activities with a lot of people. Others prefer to spend their leisure in quiet ways by themselves or with one other person. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 20 20
  • 21. Understanding more how to structure your essay  Click here to see the video Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 21 21
  • 22. Writing based on outline Introduction (intro)  tells your readers what the essay is about.  restates the question in your own words and expresses the main idea (thesis)  Thesis often the last sentence of the introductory paragraph. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 22 22
  • 23. Examples of writing intro Sample intro: Society is often divided on major issues involving government spending. One group believes that we should spend as much money as possible on space exploration, while another group thinks that we should spend this money on solving basic social problems on Earth. I believe there are strong reasons for spending on space technology because this leads to knowledge that will benefit society on Earth. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 23 23
  • 24. Analysis of the sample intro  The first sentence introduces the general topic of the essay: how the government should spend money Society is often divided on major issues involving government spending.  The next sentence restates the question in the writer's own words One group believes that we should spend as much money as possible on space exploration, while another group thinks that we should spend this money on solving basic social problems on Earth.  The last sentence states the writer's opinion. This is the thesis statement. The rest of the essay must support this idea. I believe there are strong reasons for spending on space technology because this leads to knowledge that will benefit society on Earth. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 24 24
  • 25. Writing body paragraphs  Body = developmental paragraphs because they contain ideas that develop the thesis.  Each body paragraph should have a topic sentence that expresses the main point of the paragraph.  The topic sentence of the paragraph should also directly support the thesis => supporting point.  The rest of the sentences in the paragraph should give appropriate examples, reasons, facts, personal experiences, or other supporting details. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 25 25
  • 26. Examples of topic sentences and supporting details Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 26 26
  • 27. Example of body paragraphs (cont’) Spending money on space technology can lead to better ways to produce food and clothing. Space travel requires special ways to preserve and store food for a long journey. Scientists also work on ways to grow vegetables and fruits in space so that astronauts can have fresh food. Scientists must develop new types of clothing made from new materials. Many of these new methods of food and clothing production also benefit people on Earth. Space exploration has led to important developments in communications technology. One of the first government projects in space technology was for satellite communications. Today, this technology benefits everyone who uses satellite television or telephones. The most important reason for spending money on space technology is that it promotes international cooperation. When the governments of several different countries work together on space projects, there is better communication between countries. The international space station is a good example of international cooperation that benefits everyone on Earth. Not only does it lead to scientific progress, but it also promotes international understanding. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 27 27
  • 28. Analysis of a body paragraph Spending money on space technology can lead to better ways to produce food and clothing. Space travel requires special ways to preserve and store food for a long journey. Scientists also work on ways to grow vegetables and fruits in space so that astronauts can have fresh food. Scientists must develop new types of clothing made from new materials. Many of these new methods of food and clothing production also benefit people on Earth. • Is the topic sentence that states the main idea of the paragraph • Supports the thesis of the essay Provide specific examples, reasons, or other details that support the topic sentence Provide additional details that support the topic sentence Training: How to write a good essay 28 Training: How to write a good essay Slide 28
  • 29. Writing conclusion  is often very short and may contain only one or two sentences.  should leave your readers with a feeling of completion.  We can do one or more of the following:  restate your thesis in different words (paraphrase)  summarize your supporting points  draw a conclusion  make a prediction  make a recommendation Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 29 29
  • 30. Examples of conclusion and analysis In conclusion, several developments in space technology have already helped society on Earth. If we spend money on space programs, we may discover even greater knowledge that will improve our life and promote world peace. Restate the thesis Make a prediction Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Slide 30 Training: 30
  • 31. Reviewing and correcting  Checking:  Sentence structures  Sentence variety  Word choice  Spelling  Your essay will be more interesting, more effective if you:  Use variety of short and long sentence  Avoid common sentence errors  Use appropriate word choice and word forms Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 31 31
  • 32. Example of reviewing Can you identify the errors in the following paragraph? The same paragraph without errors: Children must learning about lifeain a comfortable place. If a child is no safe, learn about life in comfortable place. If a child is not safe, the child can't learn nothing. I I want to have children in the future. My duty anything. wanna have children in the future. My duty is will be to keep my children and protection from bad experiences. I gonna for keep my children safetysafe and protect them from bad experiences. I am going to give my children food, other stuffs. Because my If my children give my children food, clothes, and clothes, and other things.child is are comfortable, they learn alot of things about life. life. Therefore, I comfortable, they will will learn a lot of things about On the contrary, I disagree with the statement. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 32 32
  • 33. Review part II Topic: Intro Body 1 Body 2 Body 3 Conclu- sion Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 33 33
  • 34. Answer the following questions 1. How many parts does the question have? What does each part ask you to do? 2. Does the essay address all parts of the question? 3. How is the essay organized? 4. What does the writer do in the introduction? 5. What is the thesis or main idea of the essay? 6. How does the writer support the thesis? 7. What is the topic sentence of each body paragraph? 8. What specific examples, reasons, and other details does the writer give? What is their purpose? 9. What does the writer do in the conclusion? 10. Does the essay effectively address the topic and task? Why or why not? Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 34 34
  • 35. Part 3: MAKE YOUR ESSAY MORE COHERENT Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 35 35
  • 36. Section preview: Preview Some key Practice example points review • Sample • Unity • Sample • Analyze • Coherent • Questions • Transition Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 36 36
  • 37. Preview example  Read the topic and a paragraph follow: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The things we learn from our friends are more important than what we learn from family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.  Sample paragraph While my friends have taught me to enjoy my life, my family has taught me to be strong. My friends have taught me how to feel independent. They have encouraged me to be myself, to have a lot of fun, and to find happiness in life. On the other hand, my mother has taught me to be independent in a very different way. When I was a child, she gave me advice such as "Fight your own battles." She said that so I would be strong because she could not always protect me. Sometimes this was very difficult for me when I wanted my mother to help me, even though I knew her advice was important. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 37 37
  • 38. Analyze the example:  This paragraph is easy to read and understand. What makes it so? Check all of the statements that are true:  All of the sentence in the paragraph are simple.  The topic sentence is stated clearly at the beginning.  The sentences are written in a logical order.  All of the ideas in the paragraph support the topic sentence.  The writer uses appropriate transitions to connect ideas.  Comments: The paragraph is well organized and coherent. When a piece of writing is coherent, it is easy for reader to understand. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 38 38
  • 39. Some key points  Unity:  A well-organized essay has an introduction, a body, and a conclusion.  Each body paragraph contains one major point that is developed with examples, reasons, and other supporting details.  Each body paragraph supports the thesis of the essay.  When all of the ideas and information in the essay support the thesis, the essay is said to have unity.  Coherent: • The body paragraphs should be arranged in the order that will best support the thesis. • Sometimes the body paragraphs are best arranged from the most important point to the least important point. • Sometimes it is more effective to put the most important point last, just before the conclusion. • Sometimes the points are previewed in the introduction. • When the body paragraphs are arranged effectively and logically, the essay is said to have coherence. Training: How to write a good essay Slide 39
  • 40. Some useful transitions Training: How to write a good essay Slide 40
  • 41. Practice example Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The things we learn from our friends are more important than what we learn from family. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. When I think about the lessons I have learned in my life, I find many similarities in what I learned from my friends and from my family. There are also differences. Both kinds of lessons have been very important to me. However, when I consider them carefully, I know that the lessons from my family are more important. While my friends have taught me to enjoy my life, my family has taught me to be strong. My friends have taught me how to feel independent. They have encouraged me to be myself, to have a lot of fun, and to find happiness in life. On the other hand, my mother has taught me to be independent in a very different way. When I was a child, she gave me advice such as "Fight your own battles." She said that so I would be strong because she could not always protect me. Sometimes this was very difficult for me when I wanted my mother to help me, even though I knew her advice was important. Training: How to write a good essay Slide 41
  • 42. Practice example (cont’) Furthermore, my family has taught me compassion and forgiveness. My younger brother taught me these qualities. I will never forget that once I was cruel to him because I was angry. My brother was afraid of the dark, but I turned off the lights to scare him. He was only six years old, and he was afraid and cried. But later he asked to read a book to him until he fell asleep. It was his way to forgive me. I can never forget how my little brother taught me how to forgive. I believe that our family teaches us the most important things because the lessons from family last longer. My family has taught me to be independent and strong, and this will help me during my whole life. Moreover, they have taught me how to forgive, which is necessary for getting along with other people. In short, the lessons from my family were not always enjoyable, yet the are deeper in my heart. Training: How to write a good essay Slide 42
  • 43. Questions review  Answer the following questions about the example above: 1. What does the question ask you to do? 2. What does the writer do in the introduction? 3. What is the thesis or main idea of the essay? 4. How is the essay organized? 5. What is the topic sentence of each body paragraph? 6. Does the essay have unity? Why or why not? 7. What transitions help give the essay coherence? 8. Does the essay effectively address the topic and task? Why or why not? Training: How to write a good essay Slide 43
  • 44. Part 4: PRACTICE WRITING AN ESSAY Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 44 44
  • 45. Topic for writing Some people learn by reading about things. Others learn by doing things. Which of these methods of learning is better for you? Use specific reasons and examples to support your choice. (limited words: 400 words)  Step by step doing the following tasks:  Read the question carefully and answer:  What is the topic?  What is the tasks?  In 5 minutes, quickly brainstorm about the topic and write down on your draft.  Now, decide which point of view do you prefer and why? Write down the thesis statement. Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 45 45
  • 46. Writing practice continue  Choose appropriate details, examples, reasons you have listed in brainstorming step to support the thesis, write down the outline of your writing.  Now, review your notes, you are ready to write your own essay.  Based on the thesis statement, in 5 minutes write down the introductory paragraph.  Next, you will have 15 minutes to write your body paragraphs depend on your outline. Remember to conclude your topic sentences.  At present, you nearly completed your essay, you will write your conclusion paragraph in 5 min. Summary what you have written before and … (make prediction, give comments…) Training: How to write a good essay Slide 46
  • 47. Completing your essay  Read again your essay, and check the following things:  Your grammar uses and vocabulary  Are your sentences fragmented?  Are your body and conclusion paragraphs support for the thesis statement?  Do you give concrete examples and details to support?  In all, is your essay unity and coherent?  Do any corrections if possible? Training: How to write a good essay Slide 47
  • 48. Sample response: There are a lot of different was for people to learn new things. People can learn by reading, or they can learn by doing things. For some people, learning is better either one way or the other. I prefer to learn by doing things because when I do something myself it becomes more real than when I read about it. I learned how to ride a bicycle and drive a car by experience. I rode a bicycle when I was six years old. Because I could not read about it, I had to get on the bicycle and use my feet and hands. I could also learn from my mistake when I fell off my bicycle. Similarly, I learned to drive a car by doing it. Although I had to study a driving manual and take a test on a computer, I could not learn driving well until I practiced driving in a car. Learning mathematics is another example of learning by doing things. When I was in sixth grade, my teacher made me students measure our classroom. We measured the length and width of the room. Therefore, we learned how to calculate the area of our classroom or any other room. This experience made mathematics become real for me. Training: How to write a good essay Slide 48
  • 49. Sample response continue Finally, I learned how to use a computer by doing it. I tried to read the computer manual, but this was difficult for me because the book was very complex. I learned more when I sat at the keyboard and tried using several keys. Of course, my teacher explained some things about the computer. However, I could learn best when I experienced it. It is true that I have to learn some things by reading, such as history and literature. Reading gives me important knowledge. However, for most skills that I need for my life, such as driving a car and using a computer, I must experience using them in order to learn the skills well. Therefore, I prefer to learn through action. Training: How to write a good essay Slide 49
  • 50. SUMMARY TODAY TRAINING Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 50
  • 51. Homework: Choose one of five topics to write an essay: 1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All high school students should be required to have three years of studying a foreign language. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The automobile is destroying our quality of life. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 3. Some people like to be the leader of a group. Others like to be a member of a group in which another person is the leader. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Employers should be required to provide smoking areas for their employees who smoke cigarettes. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. 5. Some students prefer to study at a large university that has several thousand students. Other students prefer studying at a small school that has only a few hundred students. Which of these two types of schools do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Training: How to write a good essay Slide 51
  • 52. Part 5: QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 52 52
  • 53. Appendix: Evaluating the essay  Your essay may be evaluated based on:  Organization  Thesis and support  Unity and coherence  Grammar and vocabulary  Description of Score Levels: Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 53 53
  • 54. Evaluating continue Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 54 54
  • 55. Reference  Writing section - Delta's Key to the Next Generation TOEFL® Test Advanced Skill Practice for the iBT.  Writing section – Mastering for the TOEFL ® iBT Advanced – Compact Test.  Writing section – The official guide to TOEFL® iBT Test, Second Edition – ETS.  http://toeflessays.com  http://english-test.net Training: How to write a good essay Slide 55
  • 56. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING Training: How to write a good essay How to write a good essay Training: Slide 56 56

Hinweis der Redaktion

  1. 1. Learn to control yourselfThe first advantage of essay writing is that it helps you cope with your own emotions and understand patterns of life. The difficulties you face while writing an essay harden you, help you understand that life is far from being easy and smooth and that sometimes you need to pluck up all your courage in order to overcome obstacles and become a winner in the battle named "life."2. A proven way to become organizedSecondly, writing essays is a proven way to become a self-disciplined person. You learn to decipher the major from the minor and accomplish the tasks according to the plan. Apart from that, you learn the basic principles of time management, so as to be able to accomplish the tasks you set for yourself at the right time. The skill of time management is vital to live effective life and keep things under control. Therefore, the deadline pressure should be of great help to attain the useful skills for the future. 3. The best way to develop your skills and abilities.The initial purpose of essay writing is to develop your skills and abilities. Writing an essay also helps developing creative, analytical, scientific and all sorts of thinking. You must have heard it from your teacher million times and thought it is a rubbish just to make you write an essay. But this time your teacher tells the truth.You see, writing an essay involves coming across a great deal of information that needs to be 1. contemplated, 2. understood, 3. analysed, 4. interpreted, and 5. evaluated. You also have to use the feedback, understand the relationships between evidence and concepts and come out with your own conclusion. Consequently, the process of writing an essay involves great will power, mind work and efforts on your part. Every single time you get down to writing an essay, you develop certain head muscles that are conductive to the development of creative, analytical, and scientific thinking. By the way, in your attempt to learn the subject by heart you come to understand the initial meaning of essays, for the verb Essayer, which is of French origin, means "to try" and an essai (also French) is an attempt. So, an essay is something you write trying to figure something out. Do your best to achieve the set purpose.4. The step to further educationWriting an essay at school is the first proven step to further education, for you develop writing skills, acquire the research thinking communication and skills that are necessary for good academic writing at college or university. And writing an essay at college will be a good basis for your professional career. Moreover, proficiency in writing essays is not only important to pass the test, it is an essential first-tool-basic for research paper writing for all levels of schooling, and a simplified mainstay basic in writing reports within the professional world. Bear in mind that mastering this form is a first step to success.Now it is clear why essay writing is a chosen vehicle for measuring a student's writing proficiency: it helps to develop basic writing and research skills, promotes the evolution of intellectual facilities, and develops personal skills you will need in the future.
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  3. Find transitions