2. Unit outline
Objectives
By the end of the unit participants will be able to:
• Explain the current global and local tourism market
• List and describe types of tourism and tourists
• List and describe positive and negative
social, economic and environmental impacts of
tourism
• Explain the principles of Responsible Tourism and the
triple bottom line objectives of sustainable
development
• List and describe the benefits of Responsible Tourism
for business, tourists and local residents
• Explain the importance of the Cape Town Declaration
and its principles on Responsible Tourism
Topics
1. Tourism today
2. Impacts of tourism
3. Principles of
responsible tourism
4. Benefits of
responsible tourism
5. Practices in
responsible tourism:
The Cape Town
Declaration
4. Tourism…
…entails movement of people to
countries or places outside their
usual environment…
…for at least one night…
…for personal or business /
professional purposes.
5. The UNWTO definition of tourism
“Tourism is a social, cultural
and economic phenomenon
which entails the movement
of people to countries or
places outside their usual
environment for personal or
business / professional
purposes. These people are
called visitors and tourism
has to do with their
activities, some of which
imply tourism expenditure”
6. Tourism involves many goods and services
Food & drink
Natural attractions
Cultural attractions
10. Information
and
reservation
Travel to and
getting there
Unpack and
orientate
Eat and drink
Rest and
sleep
Activity and
sport
Play and fun
Entertainmen
t and culture
Sightseeing
and shopping
Pack and
leave
The tourism cycle
11. The global tourism market
• Export income from
inbound tourism = US$
3 billion / day
• Almost 1/3 of the
world’s exports of
commercial services are
from tourism
• Tourism is the 4th
largest industry in the
world
International tourist arrivals (UNWTO)
YEAR TOURIST ARRIVALS
1950 25 million
1980 277 million
1990 435 million
2000 675 million
Today 940 million
Tomorrow …?!
13. World Tourism Council forecasts for tourism
2011 2020
Global GDP 9%; US$ 6 trillion 10%; US$ 10 trillion
Employment 255 million jobs 328 million jobs; 1 in 10
14. Tourism in Vietnam
• International visitor arrivals:
2.1m in 2000 to 6.8m in
2012
• Domestic tourism: 11.7m in
2000 to 23m in 2009
• International arrivals
growth rate: 8.9% over past
decade
• By 2023, travel and tourism
will:
– Directly support 2.3m jobs in
Vietnam
– Directly and indirectly
support 4.6m jobs in Vietnam
15. Top tourism source markets to Vietnam
RANK COUNTRY ARRIVALS
1. China 1,428,693
2. South Korea 700,917
3. Japan 576,386
4. USA 443,826
5. Taiwan 409,385
6. Cambodia 331,939
7. Malaysia 299,041
8. Australia 289,844
9. Thailand 225,866
10. France 219,721
Vietnam General Statistics Office, in 2013
16. Vietnam Government’s Strategy for Tourism
Development (Vision to 2020)
• Tourism revenue will increase to
US$18-19 bn
• Tourism contribution to GDP
will increase by 6.5-7.0%
• Tourism will attract an
additional US$42.5billion in
investment
17. TOPIC 2. IMPACTS OF TOURISM
UNIT 1. PRINCIPLES OF RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
18. Potential positive social impacts of tourism
Demand for local
products
Employment of
women and youth
Revival of local
customs and traditions
Historical preservation
Improvement in
education & lifestyles
Others?
19. Potential negative social impacts of tourism
Social tension resulting from
shifts in domestic arrangements
and gender roles
Commodification of cultures
and traditions
Exacerbation of existing social
inequalities and creation of new
ones
Cultural conflict Loss of traditional values & skills Others?
20. Potential positive environmental impacts of
tourism
Improved management of
sensitive habitats
Increased awareness of
natural values and
importance
Strengthening of natural
heritage
Stimulation of funding for
natural heritage conservation
Others?
21. Potential negative environmental impacts of
tourism
Over development
Destruction of
environment
Disturbance to
wildlife
Overconsumption
of natural resources
Pollution Others?
22. Potential positive economic impacts of tourism
Strengthens local
economy
Employment and
income
Entrepreneurialism
Stimulates local
business growth
Generates investment
in infrastructure
Others?
23. Potential negative economic impacts of tourism
Inadequate sharing of
tourism benefits
Tension from wage and
income disparities
Increased economic
dependency on one sector
Inflated land and housing
prices, and living costs
Economic leakage Others?
24. What should we do?
• Tourism has many benefits…
• …but also many significant
challenges.
• Do we give up or find a way
forward – and if so, what?
• What would be the long term
consequences of inaction?
Negative
impacts
of
tourism
Positive
impacts
of
tourism
25. TOPIC 3. PRINCIPLES OF RESPONSIBLE
TOURISM
UNIT 1. PRINCIPLES OF RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
26. What is responsible tourism?
• An approach to the managing
and doing of tourism that
minimises negative impacts
and enhances positive impacts
• A continual process
• Outcome is better places for
people to live in, and for
people to visit
• Measure of success is higher
incomes, more satisfying
jobs, and improved
social, cultural and natural
facilities.
27. The core of responsible tourism: sustainable
tourism development
•Make optimal use of
environmental resources - a
key element in tourism
development
•Maintain essential ecological
processes and help conserve
natural heritage and
biodiversity
Environmental
•Respect and conserve socio-
cultural authenticity and
heritage
•Respect traditional values
•Contribute to inter-cultural
understanding and tolerance
Social
•Ensure viable, long term
economic benefits to all
•Ensure fair distribution of
economic benefits including
social services
•Contribute to poverty
alleviation
Economic
Progress in tourism that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their needs
29. Some measures of responsible tourism
Host
communities
• Access
• Involvement /
beneficiaries
• Quality of life
• Heritage management
Visitors
• Volume
• Activities
• Attitudes
• Spend
Businesses
• Sustainable practices /
management
• Interaction with local
community / destination
• Labour
Government
• Goals / targets
• Policies
• Jurisdiction
• Infrastructure
• Amenities
• Heritage management
RESPONSIBLE
TOURISM
30. Dublin Institute of Technology, 2014
http://dit.ie/dit-achiev/dit-achievmodel/dit-achievmodeldiagram/
The DIT-ACHIEV model for sustainable tourism
management
31. The key to responsible tourism
• Understand and accept responsibility:
every decision and action has
an impact
Be
accountable
• Acquire the knowledge, skills and
resources to take action based upon sound
ethics, morals and the laws of our society
Have capacity
• Make decisions that will have the most
positive benefit on the people,
environment and economy around us
Respond to
make positive
change
32. TOPIC 4. BENEFITS OF RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
UNIT 1. PRINCIPLES OF RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
33. Benefits of responsible tourism for business
Meets consumer
demand
Adds value to the
product
Generates
community support
Creates positive
media attention
Saves money
Retains staff
34. Benefits of responsible tourism for visitors
Responsible tourism meets
growing lifestyle trends of
travellers such as:
• Increasing environmental
and social consciousness
• Increasing demand to get
back to nature
• Increasing demand for
authentic experiences
• Increasing demand for
green experiences
• Increasing demand for
deeper meaning in travel
35. Benefits of responsible tourism for host
communities
• Stimulates business
• Creates economic
opportunities
• Supports
community based
tourism
• Increases value of
cultural &
environmental heritage
• Generates revenue for
heritage protection
• Promotes enhancement
of infrastructure
• Promotes gender
empowerment
36. TOPIC 5. PRACTICES IN RESPONSIBLE
TOURISM: THE CAPE TOWN DECLARATION
UNIT 1. PRINCIPLES OF RESPONSIBLE TOURISM
37. The Cape Town Declaration
• Tourism sector representatives from
20 countries, plus the UNWTO and
UNEP
• 1st International Conference on
Responsible Tourism in
Destinations, Cape Town, South
Africa, 2002
• Participants agreed on a number of
guiding principles for the
implementation of responsible
tourism
• Guidelines have became the
founding principles of responsible
tourism today
38. Responsible tourism…
1. …minimises negative economic, environmental, and social
impacts;
2. …generates greater economic benefits for local people and
enhances the well-being of host communities, improves working
conditions and access to the industry;
3. …involves local people in decisions that affect their lives and life
chances;
4. …makes positive contributions to the conservation of natural and
cultural heritage, to the maintenance of the world's diversity;
5. …provides more enjoyable experiences for tourists through more
meaningful connections with local people, and a greater
understanding of local cultural, social and environmental issues;
6. …provides access for physically challenged people; and
7. …is culturally sensitive, engenders respect between tourists and
hosts, and builds local pride and confidence
39. Sustainable development “triple bottom line”:
The core areas of action in responsible tourism
• Make optimal use of
environmental
resources
• Respect the socio-
cultural authenticity of
host communities
• Ensure viable, long term
economic benefits to all
stakeholders
Economic
EnvironmentalSocial
40. Environmental guiding principles
• Assess environmental impacts
• Use local resources
sustainably, avoid waste & over-
consumption
• Maintain and encourage natural
diversity
• Promote education and
awareness for sustainable
development
• Raise the capacity of all
stakeholders
41. Economic guiding principles
• Assess economic impacts before
developing tourism
• Maximise local economic benefits by
increasing linkages and reducing
leakages
• Ensure communities are involved in
and benefit from tourism
• Assist with marketing and product
development
• Promote equitable business
practices
42. Social guiding principles
• Involve the local community in
planning and decision-making
• Assess social impacts of tourism
activities
• Maintain and encourage social
and cultural diversity
• Be sensitive to the host culture
43. Tourism for all
FOCUS AREA PROVISIONS
Tourism information and
publicity
Clear indication of accessible services and facilities…
Preparation of staff Training in communicating with and providing assistance to customers with
disabilities and services and facilities available…
Tourism facilities and sites Provision of goods and services that cater for visitors with disabilities…
Accommodation facilities Allocation of specially designed rooms for people in a wheelchair or mobility
impaired…
Catering facilities Ease of internal and external access to restaurants, cafes and bars…
Museums and other
buildings of tourist interest
Ease of internal and external access, staff training, interpretation for vision and
hearing impaired…
Excursions Tour buses accommodate tourists with physical disabilities, interpretation for
vision and hearing impaired, one or more staff trained in sign language…
44. The outcome of responsible tourism
“Better places for people
to live in and better places
to visit”
Better places
to live in
Better places
to visit
Virtuous cycle
45. Being a responsible traveller: environment
• Don’t litter
• Carry your own bag
• Avoid excessive waste
• Leave nature as it is
• Don’t disturb wildlife
• Put out cigarettes properly
• Reduce, re-use and recycle
• Carbon offset
• Save energy
• Do not purchase or eat endangered species
• Others?
46. Being a responsible traveller: economy
• Use accredited operators
• Buy locally made souvenirs
• Eat at local restaurants
• Stay in locally-owned places
• Purchase fair trade products
• Support responsible tourism organisations
• Others?
47. Being a responsible traveller: social
• Be considerate of the communities you visit
• Donate via reputable institutions
• Don’t give money to children and beggars
• Respect cultural difference
• Don’t support the illegal drug or sex trade
• Use responsible travel providers
• Use operators with responsible tourism policies
• Others?
