Going by the Rules - We're racing

Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

We‟re racing!

Main Menu Section Start 1

Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Let‟s assume we‟ve started. Wind
We‟re getting close to another boat.


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

If one of us doesn‟t do
something, we‟ll collide.


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!


Let‟s invent a rule: “Every boat shall avoid contact with every other boat”.


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

If one of us doesn‟t do something,
we‟ll collide.

Kerrunch!



Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!


Kerrunch!

Perhaps that’s not going to work…so we need some better rules.


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Safety when two boats meet
• One of them must keep clear

• The other has right of way, but her freedom to manoeuvre is
restricted

• But if the keep-clear boat does not avoid contact, the right-of-way
boat must try to do so

• Applies to both
• the Racing Rules of Sailing (RRS) and …
• the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea
(IRPCAS)


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

When boats meet – it has to be easy for both to know which one
must keep clear. Just three criteria:

1. Which tack is each boat on?
2. Are they on the same tack or on opposite tacks?
3. Are they overlapped?

Italics
mean
a
define
d word
or term


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

How do you decide which tack a boat is on?

Tack is a defined term

Tack, Starboard or Port
A boat is on the tack, starboard or port, corresponding to her
windward side.

Leeward and Windward
A boat‟s leeward side is the side that is or, when she is head to
wind, was away from the wind. However, when sailing by the lee
or directly downwind, her leeward side is the side on which her
mainsail lies. The other side is her windward side…


We’re racing!
Definitions, Leeward and Windward, and Tack, Starboard or Port

Which are the windward and leeward
sides of the boat?

W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

sides of the boat?
And so which tack is she on?

W

L

W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

sides of the boat?

W
Port
L

W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

sides of the boat?

Head to wind W L
but still on
same tack W
Port
L

W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

sides of the boat?

W L
Port
W
Port
L

W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

sides of the boat? W
L
W L
Port
W
Port
L

W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

Port
L
W L
Port
W
Port
L

W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

Port
L
W L L W
Port
W
Port
L

W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

Port
L Port
W L L W
Port
W
Port
L

W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

Port
L Port
W L L By the
W
lee, but
Port
W still on
Port the
L L same
W tack

W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

Port
L Port
W L L W
Port
W
Port Port
L L
W

W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

Port
L Port
W L L W
Port
W
Port Port
L L
W

W
L
W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

Port
L Port
W L L W
Port
W
Port Port
L L
W

W Starboard
L
W - windward
L - leeward


We’re racing!

Port
L Port
W L L W
Port
W
Port Port
L L
W

W Starboard
W L
W - windward
L - leeward L

We’re racing!

Port
L Port
W L L W
Port
W
Port Port
L L
W

W Starboard
W L
W - windward
Starboard
L - leeward L

We’re racing!

Port
L Port
W L L W
Port
W
Port Port
L L
W
Head to wind
but still on L W Starboard
same tack W
W L
W - windward
Starboard
L - leeward L

We’re racing!

Port
L Port
W L L W
Port
W
Port Port
L L
W
L W Starboard
W
Starboard W L
W - windward
Starboard
L - leeward L

We’re racing!

Port
L Port
Head to wind W L L W
but still on
Port
same tack W
Port Port
L L
W
L W Starboard
W
Starboard W L
W - windward
Starboard
L - leeward L

We’re racing!

Port
L Port
Head to wind W L L By the
W
but still on lee, but
Port
same tack W still on
Port Port the
L L same
W tack

L W Starboard
W
Starboard W L
W - windward
Starboard
L - leeward L

We’re racing!

Port
L Port
Head to wind W L L By the
W
but still on lee, but
Port
same tack W still on
Port Port the
L L same
W tack
Head to wind
but still on L W Starboard
same tack W
Starboard W L
W - windward
Starboard
L - leeward L

Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

When boats meet – it has to be easy for both to know which one
must keep clear. Just three criteria:
1. Which tack is each boat on?
2. Are they on the same tack or on opposite tacks?
3. Are they overlapped?
Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap
One boat is clear astern of another when her hull and equipment
in normal position are behind a line abeam from the aftermost
point of the other boat‟s hull and equipment in normal position.
The other boat is clear ahead. They overlap when neither is clear
astern. However, they also overlap when a boat between them
overlaps both. These terms always apply to boats on the same
tack. They do not apply to boats on opposite tacks unlesss rule 18
applies or both boats are sailing more than ninety degrees from
the true wind.


Start show We’re racing!
Definition, Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap

Is one of these same-tack boats clear astern of the other?

Clear
astern

Clear
ahead




YES – All of Blue is behind Yellow‟s „transom line.
So they are not overlapped
Clear
astern

Clear
ahead



Is one of these same-tack boats still clear astern of the other?

Clear
astern

Clear
ahead



No, some of Blue is ahead of Yellow‟s „transom line‟.
So they are overlapped.
Clear
astern

Clear
ahead



No, some of Blue is ahead of Yellow‟s „transom line‟.
So they are overlapped.
Clear
astern

Technically, a line
Overlapped abeam from the
aftermost point of
hull AND
equipment, which
Clear
would include a
ahead
transom-mounted
rudder.



Clear
astern

Overlapped

Clear
ahead



No, some of Yellow is ahead of Blue‟s „transom line‟.
So they are still overlapped.

Clear
astern

Overlapped Overlapped

Clear
ahead




Clear Clear
astern ahead


Clear Clear
ahead astern



Yes, all of Yellow is now clear astern of Blue‟s „transom line‟.
The overlap has ended.
Clear Clear
astern ahead


Clear Clear
ahead astern



Clear
astern

Clear
ahead



Clear
Overlapped
astern

Clear
Overlapped
ahead



Clear
astern

Clear
ahead



Clear Clear
astern astern

Clear
Overlapped Overlapped Clear
ahead ahead



One boat is clear astern of another when her hull and equipment in
normal position are behind a line abeam from the aftermost point of
the other boat‟s hull and equipment in normal position. The other
boat is clear ahead.

Equipment that is NOT in its normal position cannot create an
overlap. For example:
• a spinnaker allowed to fly forwards by freeing its halyard
• a retractable „sprit‟ that is extended when there is no immediate
intention of setting a gennaker

If a boat astern with such equipment in an abnormal position is
catching the boat ahead, then:
• No overlap until the first piece of hull, or equipment in normal
position (such as the spinnaker pole) crosses the transom line
• and so ( in the case of the spinnaker) the overlap will happen later
than if the equipment had been in its normal position


One boat is clear astern of another when her hull and equipment in
normal position are behind a line abeam from the aftermost point of
the other boat‟s hull and equipment in normal position. The other
boat is clear ahead.

Equipment that is NOT in its normal position cannot create an
overlap. For example:
• a spinnaker allowed to fly forwards by freeing its halyard
• a retractable „sprit‟ that is extended when there is no immediate
intention of setting a gennaker

Similarly:
• a „spinnaker-only‟ overlap will end if the spinnaker halyard is eased
to make the sail fly forwards
• a „sprit-only‟ overlap will end if the gennaker is removed but the
sprit is left extended if that is not its normal position at that time



Is any part of Yellow behind Blue‟s „transom line‟?
Is any part of Blue behind Yellow‟s „transom line?‟



Is any part of Blue behind Yellow‟s „transom line‟?
No – so neither is clear astern, so they are overlapped



Is any part of Blue behind Yellow‟s transom line?




Each pair is on the same tack, and the term overlap „always
applies to boats on the same tack.‟ (Definition Overlap)


Are Yellow and Blue overlapped?

No. The term does not apply to opposite tack boats sailing to
windward and away from marks




Technically YES, because the definition Overlap says that the term
applies to boats sailing more than ninety degrees from the wind.
However, in open water, this fact has no further significance in the
rules. BLUE on port must keep clear of YELLOW on starboard.



Are Yellow and Blue overlapped? Yes, even though they are
on opposite tacks, both
because rule 18, Mark-
Room, applies, and also
because they are both
sailing more than ninety
degrees from the true
wind.
In this case, BLUE on port
still has to keep clear of
YELLOW on starboard,
but rule 18 puts a
limitation on YELLOW,
which will have to give
mark-room.



Is Blue clear ahead of Yellow?
IS Yellow clear astern of Blue?
The terms Clear Astern and Clear
Ahead do not apply to boats on
opposite tacks away from marks
and obstructions.
This situation is resolved by rule
10 that deals with opposite-tack
boats, and not by rule 12 that
deals with same-tack boats where
one is clear astern of the other.



Is Blue clear ahead of Yellow?
IS Yellow clear astern of Blue?
YES. The terms Clear Astern and
Clear Ahead apply to opposite-tack
boats when rule 18 applies, or when
both boats are sailing more than
ninety degrees from the wind.
Both of these criteria make this a
clear-ahead / clear-astern situation.
As we will see, BLUE on port still
has to keep clear of YELLOW on
starboard, but rule 18 requires
clear-astern YELLOW to give mark-
room to clear-ahead BLUE


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Italics mean a
defined word or
Three Main Rules term

When boats are on opposite tacks, a port-tack boat shall keep clear of
a starboard-tack boat. (Rule 10)
When boats are on the same tack and overlapped, a windward boat
shall keep clear of a leeward boat. (Rule 11)
When boats are on the same tack, and NOT overlapped, a boat clear
astern shall keep clear of a boat clear ahead. (Rule 12)

Keep Clear
One boat keeps clear of another if the other can sail her course with
no need to take avoiding action and, when the boats are overlapped
on the same tack, if the leeward boat can change course in both
directions without immediately making contact with the windward
boat.

Start show Start Section We’re racing!
Definition, Keep Clear

Is RED keeping clear of GREEN?
What is the test for rule 10?
When boats are on opposite
tacks, the test is whether GREEN, the
starboard-tack right-of-way boat, „can
sail her course with no need to take
avoiding action‟.
Can you make that judgement from
this diagram?

FACTORS
• Wind and weather
• Size and manoeuvrability of the boats
• Speed of boats, and are speeds different?
• Eye contact between helms
• Hail from RED that she will duck – and a duck!

Start show Start Section We’re racing!

Is RED keeping clear of GREEN?
tacks, the test is whether GREEN, the
starboard-tack right-of-way boat, „can
sail her course with no need to take
avoiding action‟.
Can you make that judgement from
this diagram?

FACTORS
• Wind and weather
• Size and manoeuvrability of the boats
• Speed of boats, and are speeds different?



Is BLUE keeping clear of YELLOW?
When boats are on the same tack but not
overlapped, the test is still whether
YELLOW, the right-of-way boat, can „sail her
course with no need to take avoiding action.‟
Can you make that judgement from this
diagram?

FACTORS
•Wind and weather
•Size and manoeuvrability of the boats
• Is BLUE closing on YELLOW?



In all these cases – opposite tacks, or
same tack, not overlapped - the test is
whether the right-of-way boat, can „sail
her course with no need to take avoiding
action‟.
So it‟s not just a question of what the
keep-clear boat is doing.
Rather, it‟s the effect of the keep-clear
boat‟s actions on the right-of-way boat.



What is the test?
The test is first whether YELLOW, the right-of-way boat, can sail her course
with no need to take avoiding action.
If their courses are parallel, even if BLUE is close, YELLOW can sail her
course.

Is BLUE keeping
clear?



What is the test?
The test is first whether YELLOW, the right-of-way boat, can sail her course
with no need to take avoiding action.
If their courses are parallel, even if BLUE is close, YELLOW can sail her
course.
But as they are overlapped on the same tack, the test is secondly whether
the leeward boat can change course (hypothetically) in BOTH directions
without immediate contact.

Is BLUE keeping
clear?



What is the test?
…the test is secondly whether the leeward boat can change course
(hypothetically) in BOTH directions without immediate contact.
If YELLOW were to luff, there may be contact, but probably not
immediately. So BLUE passed that part of the test.

Is BLUE keeping Suppose a luff
clear? by YELLOW



What is the test?
…the test is secondly whether the leeward boat can change course
(hypothetically) in BOTH directions without immediate contact.
If YELLOW were to luff, there may be contact, but probably not
immediately. So BLUE passed that part of the test.
But if YELLOW were to bear away, and there would be contact, it is more
likely to be immediate. If that‟s what a protest committee thinks, then BLUE
was not initially keeping clear.
Is BLUE keeping Suppose a luff Suppose a bear-
clear? by YELLOW away by YELLOW


Start show Start Section
We’re racing!

Rule 10 - On Opposite Tacks

tacks, a port-tack boat shall keep
clear of a starboard tack boat.

Which boat would you prefer to be?


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!





Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 11 - On the Same Tack, Overlapped

When boats are on the same tack and
overlapped, a windward boat shall keep clear
of a leeward boat.


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

SPOT THE DIFFERENCE


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 12 - On the Same
Tack, Not Overlapped

When boats are on the same
tack, and NOT overlapped, a
boat clear astern shall keep
clear of a boat clear ahead.


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 13 - While Tacking
After a boat passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other
boats until she is on a close-hauled course. During that time rules
10, 11 and 12 do not apply. If two boats are subject to this rule at
the same time, the one on the other‟s port side or the one astern
shall keep clear.

„Tacking‟ is not a defined. The word in the rule title is used in its
general sense of going from one tack to the other.
However, the words of the rule itself apply to only a part of this
action, from when a boat passes head to wind until she is on a
close-hauled course. Her sails need not be full at that moment.
During that time, a boat shall keep clear of other boats. The
previous three rules (10, 11, 12) don‟t apply at that time.
A tacking boat is always on one tack or the other. The tack changes
when passing head to wind.

Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

So Rule 13 suspends the three main rules when a boat has passed
head to wind but is not yet on a close-hauled course

YELLOW has right of way under rule 10
BLUE must keep clear
(port and starboard)


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!


BLUE must keep clear YELLOW still has right of way under rule 10



Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!


BLUE temporarily has YELLOW has passed head to wind and
right of way must now keep clear of BLUE



Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!


YELLOW has reached a close-hauled
course and so has regained right of
BLUE must keep clear way, under rule 11, (windward and
leeward)
BLUE temporarily has YELLOW has passed head to wind and
right of way must now keep clear of BLUE



Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Two boats that have
passed head to wind
but are neither yet
close-hauled

YELLOW BLUE
has right must keep
of way clear
under under rule
rule 10 10


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Two boats that have
passed head to wind BLUE
but are neither yet YELLOW
has right
close-hauled must keep
of way
clear
under
under rule
rule 13
13

YELLOW BLUE
has right must keep
of way clear
under under rule
rule 10 10


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 14 - Avoiding Contact
A boat shall avoid contact with another boat if reasonably possible.
However, a right-of-way boat or one entitled to room or mark-room
(a) need not act to avoid contact until it is clear that the other
boat is not keeping clear or giving room or mark-room, and
(b) shall not be penalized under this rule unless there is contact
that causes damage or injury.

Keeping clear is more than just avoiding contact. So this rule does not
add to the requirements of a keep-clear boat
Despite the first line of the rule, it‟s safer and fairer for a right-of-way
boat to „stand on‟ until it is clear that the keep-clear boat isn‟t doing so
Even if a right-of-way or room-entitled boat wrongfully allows a collision
to happen, she will be penalized only when damage or injury results
So a right-of-way boat or one entitled to room or mark-room can break
the first line of this rule - at her own risk

Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 15 - Acquiring Right of Way

When a boat acquires right-of-way, she shall initially give the other boat
room to keep clear….

Keep clear,
clear astern 1
1 Right of way,
clear ahead


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!



Keep clear,
clear astern 2
Keep clear, 2 Right of way,
clear astern 1 clear ahead
1 Right of way,
clear ahead


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!



Keep clear,
windward
3 Right of way,
Keep clear, leeward
3
clear astern 2
1 Right of way,
clear ahead


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!



Keep clear,
Right of way
beyond head
Keep clear, 4 to wind
windward 4 3 Right of way,
Keep clear, leeward
3
clear astern 2
1 Right of way,
clear ahead


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!


Right of way,
Keep clear,
starboard
port tack
5 Keep clear,
Right of way
beyond head
5
Keep clear, 4 to wind
windward 4 3 Right of way,
Keep clear, leeward
3
clear astern 2
1 Right of way,
clear ahead


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!


room to keep clear… unless she acquires right of way because of
the other boat’s actions.

Keep clear,
1 clear astern
Right of way, 1
clear ahead


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!



Keep clear,
2 clear astern
Right of way, 2 Keep clear,
clear ahead 1 clear astern
Right of way, 1
clear ahead


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!



Keep clear,
windward
Right of way, 3
leeward Keep clear,
3
2 clear astern
Right of way, 1
clear ahead


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!


Keep clear, Right of way
beyond head
to wind 4 Keep clear,
4 windward
Right of way, 3
leeward Keep clear,
3
2 clear astern
Right of way, 1
clear ahead


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 16 - Changing Course

16.1 When a right-of-way boat changes course, she shall give the
other boat room to keep clear.


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!



• So the rate of any change of course by the right-of-way boat
is limited by how close the other boat is, before and during
the change of course

• If the give-way boat responds promptly, and in a seamanlike
way in the prevailing conditions, yet is unable to keep
clear, the right-of-way boat has not given her room to keep
clear

• There is an exception when boats are rounding a mark, as
we shall see later Main Menu Section Start 102

Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!


16.2 In addition, when after the starting signal a port-tack boat is
keeping clear by sailing to pass astern of a starboard-tack boat, the
starboard-tack boat shall not change course if as a result the port-
tack boat would immediately need to change course to continue
keeping clear.


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 16.2

Additional to rule 16.1
After the starting signal -
P is keeping clear -
by sailing to pass astern of S -


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 16.2

Additional to rule 16.1
After the starting signal -
P is keeping clear -
by sailing to pass astern of S - GREEN (S) will not break rule 16.1
if RED (P) has room as defined to
which alters towards her -
duck or tack to keep clear
and P now needs to change
course immediately to keep But GREEN breaks rule 16.2 if RED
clear now needs to act immediately to
keep clear
Rule 16.2 works in a narrow window – if GREEN changes course before it
applies, GREEN breaks no rule
But if GREEN changes course after it applies, GREEN breaks rule 16.1

Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 17 Rule 17

An overlap to leeward from clear
astern and within two lengths

Not Rule 17


Start show Start Section
We’re racing!

Rule 17 Rule 17
While they remain on the same
tack and overlapped and…

Rule 17 over


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 17 L breaks rule 17

astern and within two lengths L's proper
course
are still within two of L‟s lengths… Rule 17 stops applying to L
L must not sail above her proper
course…

L's proper
course


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 17 BLUE breaks rule 17

astern and within two lengths L's proper
course
are still within two of L‟s lengths… BLUE still breaks rule 17
even though she's not
L must not sail above her proper
near YELLOW
course…

L's proper course


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 17 BLUE IS BREAKING RULE
17...


L' cou
s
pr rse
op

er
are still within two of L‟s lengths…
L must not sail above her proper ...unless she promptly sails
astern of yellow
course…
Unless she sails astern


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 17 4

Ru YE
…This rule does not apply if the

le
3

13 LOW
overlap begins when the 4

ap
L
windward boat is required by rule

plie
13 to keep clear.

st
3 2

o
BLUE becomes overlapped while

L' cou
2
YELLOW is between head to

s
pr rse
op
wind and close hauled 1

er
1
So here, rule 17 DOES NOT
restrict BLUE. She can luff
above a proper course at any
time during this overlap


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Rule 17 4

R
ul YE
3
…This rule does not apply if the

e
13 LL
ap OW
overlap begins while the

pl
ie
windward boat is required by rule

s
to
4
13 to keep clear. 2

Here, that hasn‟t happened. 3
When rule 13 stopped applying to 1
YELLOW at position 3, BLUE had
not yet become overlapped. Only

L' cou
s
after that did the overlap begin.

pr rse
2

op
er
Rule 17 DOES apply, and BLUE
must not luff above a proper 1
course after position 4.


Start Section
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

Shortly before the starting signal, you in BLUE see YELLOW for the
first time. YELLOW is head to wind. Which keeps clear of which?


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

It depends on which tack YELLOW is on. You need more information.
YELLOW is on the tack on which she approached the line and stopped.


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

If she came in on port tack, she is still on port.
Which keeps clear, and under which rule?

Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

If she came in on port tack, she is still on port.
YELLOW keeps clear, rule 10 (port & starboard)
Next Section Main Menu Section Start 116

Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

If she came in on starboard tack, she is still on starboard.
Which keeps clear, and under which rule?

Start show
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

If she came in on starboard tack, she is still on starboard.
Same tack, overlapped, windward (BLUE) keeps clear under rule 11

Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

For each YELLOW - BLUE pair, which keeps clear of which?


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

P S
W W S P

P S
P S
L L


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

P S
W W S P

P S
P S
L L

BLUE (11) BLUE (11) YELLOW (10) BLUE (10)
- are the keep clear boats


Start show
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

After start, RED will clear
GREEN, then a windshift lifts
GREEN and backs RED.
There is a protest.
RED‟s case:
GREEN broke rule 16.2
because I had to luff
immediately after her course
change.

GREEN‟s case.
Simple port / starboard – and I was entitled to take advantage of the
windshift.


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

Both are wrong.
Not rule 16.2, as RED was passing
ahead, not astern.
GREEN has to comply with rule 16.1,
even when being lifted on a shift.


Start Section
Start show
We’re racing!

Test your Knowledge

Both are wrong.
Not rule 16.2, as RED was passing
ahead, not astern.
GREEN has to comply with rule
16.1, even when being lifted on a
shift.
When GREEN was lifted, RED now had to act to keep clear.
Did RED have room to keep clear by tacking promptly in a seamanlike
way in the prevailing conditions?
If so, GREEN did not break rule 16.1, and RED broke rule 10 (port and
starboard) by making the wrong decision and bearing away.
If not, then GREEN altered too close to RED and broke rule 16.1
It will all depend on the conditions.

GOING BY THE RULES

What’s cooking?
THE MAIN COURSE STARTERS
Basically and Fundamentally… What‟s new for 2009 – quick guide
We‟re racing! What‟s new for 2009 – in detail
We‟re starting! INGREDIENTS
We‟re rounding! Reading the signals
We‟re taking turns! Major definitions in action
We‟re finishing! The Racing Rules of Sailing
We‟re unhappy! The Definitions

125

Going by the Rules - We're racing

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Empfohlen

Empfohlen (20)

Going by the Rules - We're racing