1. Presenter:Dr.S.M.Waseem Ahmed
Moderator : Dr.Biju.R

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The main goal of rehabilitation is to prevent
any complications of immobility.
Other goals include patient
education, conditioning, functional
training,and psychologic support.

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Rehabilitation prog can be divided into
1.Pre-op period
2.Post-op period which is in
a.Preprosthetic stage
b.Prosthetic stage
3.Community and vocational rehabilitation
4.Life long management and follow-up

4. Involves :
1. medical and physical assessment
(power of crutch muscles,joint
mobility,balance reactions in sitting &
standing):
2. patient education,
3. Functional abilities,
4. discussion about phantom limb pain,
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If possible, patient should be placed in a
cardiopulmonary conditioning program.

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Breathing exercises to clear lung secretions
Strengthening exercises for
shoulder extensors & adductors
elbow extensors & other crutch muscles
hip extensors,abductors & Quadriceps
Mobilisation for hip extension,knee flexion &
extension
Transfer from bed to chair & back
Wheelchair mobility
Stabilisation for trunk in sitting & standing

6. 
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Involves
1.surgical residual limb length determination,
2.closure of wound and soft-tissue coverage,
3.nerve management,
4.dressing application, and
5.limb reconstruction.

7. 
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The residual limb must be surgically constructed
to fit the future prosthesis, maintain muscle
balance, and allow it to assume the stresses
necessary to meet its new function.
An underlying goal of surgical management of
patients’ requiring lower limb amputation is to
retain the knee joint given its contribution to
more efficient ambulation with a
prosthesis,requiring less energy expenditure.

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This phase begins immediately post-operatively and
continues until the patient is discharged from the acute
care hospital.
Goals at this stage are
1.pain control,
2.optimization of range of motion (ROM) and
3. strength of both lower and upper extremity
musculature,
4.promotion of wound healing,
5.phantom limb pain/sensation management,
6.functional mobility training,
7.equipment prescription, and
8.continued patient education and emotional
support.

9. 
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Phantom limb sensation is the sensation that the
limb is still present.
Phantom pain includes various painful sensations
in the body part that is no longer present.
Immediate post-operative incidence of phantom pain and phantom
sensation has been reported to be 72% and 84%, respectively, while
the incidence at 6 months post-operatively changes to 67% and 90%,
respectively.
Both phantom pain and sensation are generally
localized to the distal part of the missing,limb.
Persons with phantom limb pain have worse or
lower health-related Quality of Life

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Based on the person's level of pain,multiple treatments
may be combined.
Heat application
Biofeedback to reduce muscle tension
Relaxation techniques
Massage of the amputation area
Surgery to remove scar tissue entangling a nerve
Physical therapy
TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) of the
stump
Neurostimulation techniques such as spinal cord
stimulation or deep brain stimulation
Medications, including: painrelievers, neuroleptics, anticonvulsants,antidepressants,
beta-blockers, and sodium channel blockers.

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Other causes of pain in individuals undergoing
lower limbamputation may include
1.Neuroma formation
is a natural repair phenomenon that may occur
when a peripheral nerve is transected.
Pain occurs when the neuroma is situated at the
end of the residual limb or at a pressure point in
the prosthesis.
Non operative : local analgesics or corticosteroids.
Surgical Excision of the neuroma is the treatment
of choice.

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2.Reflex sympathetic dystrophy,also called complex regional pain
syndrome,
Includes sensory, autonomic and motor symptoms that may occur in the
affected extremity.
The hallmark of this condition is severe, unremitting pain that is out of
proportion to the injury.
Early treatment with the TENS or sympathetic blocks, pharmacologic
agents, and physical therapy.
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3.Bursitis or tendonitis
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cause aggravating residual limb pain, characterized by localized
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tenderness, mild edema, slight occasional erythema of the overlying
skin, increased skin temperature, and subcutaneous crepitus.
If tendonitis is present, passive stretching of theinvolved tendon will
cause significant pain.
Intervention : cessation of provocative activities,oral NSAIDS, temporary
discontinuation of the prosthesis, rigid immobilization for brief periods,
compression dressings, thermal modalities, corticosteroid

13. Involves
 Stump shaping and shrinking
 Care of stump
 Desensitisation
 ROM and muscle strengthening
 progressive functional mobility training
without a prosthesis,
 restoring locus of control of the patient
 patient education and preparation for
prosthetic use.

14. During initial recovery it is important to restore
the individuals’ locus of control.
 Generally
1. 6-8 weeks post op with soft dressings,or
2. 3-6 weeks with use of an Immediate PostOperative Prosthesis (IPOP).
 Preparatory or training prosthesis may be used to
promote residual limb maturation and for use
during gait training.
 Individuals are vulnerable to losses in strength
and range of motion (contractures) during this
period
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Immediate post op dressing:
Made of POP,rigid post op is useful as:
ADV: post op edema,pain, enhances healing
DISADV: expensive & special training required
Semirigid dressing:
Unna’s dressing,guaze with ZnO
DISADV:loosen easily
Soft dressing:
1.Elastic wrap(need freq reapplication)
2.Shrinkers(sock like conical garments of
knitted cotton cannot be used untill primary
healing occured)

19. For Transfemoral amputation:
Hip extensors & abductors are needed
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For Transtibial amputation:
Hip extensors & abductors
knee flexors & extensors are needed
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24. 
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Prosthetic management and training to increase
wearing time and functional use.
For patients with AKA and BKA using a soft
dressing after amputation, a cast for a temporary
socket is often fabricated 6-8 weeks
postoperatively.
Ambulation activities with a lower limb prosthesis
often begin during weeks 10-11 after
amputation.
The more proximal the amputation, the more
energy is demanded from the cardiovascular and
pulmonary systems for prosthetic gait.

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Dynamic response feet(Seattle foot,Flex
feet)
SAFE foot(Stationary ankle flexible
endoskeletal)
Multiaxis foot
Single axis foot
SACH(Solid ankle cushioned
heel)

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Structural link between prosthetic
components
1.Endoskeletal
2.Exoskeletal

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Polycentric knee
Stance phase control knee
Fluid control (Hydraulic or Pneumatic) knee
Constant friction knee
Variable friction knee
Manual locking knee

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Transtibial suspension(Gel liner suspension
with locking pin)
Transfemoral suspension(vacuum
suspension)
Transfemoral sockets
Transtibial sockets

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Posture
Even weight bearing
Proprioception with weight shifting
Weight transfer in stance

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Stairs, slopes, uneven ground
On/off floor
Crowded environments
Public transport

32. Involves
1. resumption of family and community roles,
2. addressing emotional needs
3. developing healthy coping strategies,
4. resumption of previous and adapted
recreational activities.
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Involves assessment and training for work
activities, and assessment of further education
needs or job modification
On the basis of residual functional
capacity, patients may be able to return to their
previous line of work. In many cases patients’
may choose a different line of work,dependent
on the physical demands of the job.
For the successful reintegration of the
amputee, return to work should take place
gradually, with time and workload increasing
over several weeks and clinical staff being
available for counseling and consultation

34. 
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Includes lifelong prosthetic, functional, and
medical assessment and psychological
support.
Patients should be seen for follow-up by one
of the team members at least every 3 months
for the first 18 months, with physical followup every 6 months
Support groups

35. 
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Mercer
Internet