2. AÉrÉÑuÉåïSÏrÉAÉrÉÑuÉåïSÏrÉ
UÉåaÉÏ mÉUϤÉÉUÉåaÉÏ mÉUϤÉÉ
Presenter:Presenter:
Dr. Vidhu b.Dr. Vidhu b.
Ist PG ScholarIst PG Scholar
Dept. Of KayachikitsaDept. Of Kayachikitsa
D.G.M.A.M.C.P.G.S. & RC, GADAGD.G.M.A.M.C.P.G.S. & RC, GADAG

3. IntroductionIntroduction
Physician should develop technical skill,
scientific knowledge and human understanding to
acquire complete knowledge for the diagnosis of
various diseases. Physician should be attentive
listener, nonverbal communicator, friendly,
empathic and articulate.
It is important to diagnose the disease by
using appropriate techniques and accordingly treat
the treatable disease with love and affection. It is
better not to treat incurable disease. Complete
understanding of science is essential to get
mastery and supremacy in clinical methods.

4. ROGIROGI (Derivation and Definition)
Derivation:
The word rogi is derived from “Rogaha asya
asthi ithi” It means - one in whom roga resides is
rogi.
Definition:
“Ragopahat shariraha”-Body that has been
inflicted with disease is called as rogi.
“Rujathi Jwaradeena Pidamanudhavati ithi
rogi” - One who endures pain and disease is
rogi, for instance due to – Jwaradi.

5. Pariksha (Derivation and Definition)
• Derivation:
The word Pariksha is derived from the root
“iksh” means- to view, to consider, with the preposition
“pari” fixed before the root which means from all sides.
Thus, Pariksha means viewing or examing a object
from all sides.
• Definition:
“Parikshayathe vyvasthapyate vastu swaroopanaya
ithi”
The due process of examination by which the exact
nature of an object is determined is known as pariksha.

6. Importance of PareekshaImportance of Pareeksha
iÉxqÉS ÍpÉûwÉMçü MürÉïqÉç
cÉÏMüÐzÉÑï mÉëMçü MürÉï
xÉqÉUqpÉiÉç mÉUϤÉÉ MåüuÉsÉqÉç
mÉËU¤rÉçÇ mÉËU¤rÉç MüqÉï
xÉqÉÉUpÉåiÉçç MüiÉÑïÇ |
(cÉ.ÌuÉ.8/79)
A physician desirous of initiating an
action should examine all that are required
to be examined before initiating his action

7. Importance of rogi pareekshaImportance of rogi pareeksha
AmiÉç iÉjÉ cÉ EmÉSåzÉålÉ mÉëirÉ¤É MüUhÉålÉ
cÉ |
AlÉÑqÉÉlÉålÉç cÉ urÉkÉÏlÉç xÉqrÉMçü ÌuɱÉ
ÌuÉcɤÉhÉç: |
xÉuÉïjÉÉ xÉuÉïqÉ AÉsÉÉåcrÉ rÉjÉÉ xÉqpÉuÉ
AjÉï ÌuÉiÉç |
AjÉ AkrÉuÉxrÉå iÉiuÉå cÉ MürÉï cÉ
iÉSèlÉliÉUqÉç |
MürÉï iÉiuÉ ÌuÉzÉåwÉ¥ÉÉ mÉëÌiÉmÉiÉÉå lÉ
qÉѽÌiÉ |

8. The wise should properly understand a
disease by the scriptural testimony, direct
observation and inference. As far as possible all
factors should be discussed in their entirety.
After examining the disease by scriptural
testimony etc.; the physician should obtain
knowledge regarding the nature of disease and
the therapies required therefore.
One who is well versed in the specific nature
of the disease as well as the therapies required
therefore seldom fails to act properly. It is only
he who acts properly reaps the results of proper
action.

9. UÉåaÉUÉåaÉÏÏ mÉUmÉUÏϤÉÉ pÉåS¤ÉÉ pÉåS
̲ÌuÉkÉç mÉUϤÉÉ : mÉëirɤÉ,AlÉÑqÉÉlÉ
(cÉ. ÌuÉ.8/83)
There are tow methods namely Pratyaksa
(perceptual) and Anumana (inferential).
̧ÉÌuÉkÉ mÉUϤÉÉ :
mÉëirɤÉ,AlÉÑqÉÉlÉ,AÉmiÉÉåmÉSåzÉ
(cÉ.ÌuÉ.4/3)
Three fold skills for examination of patient
are Pratyaksa, anumana and Aptopadesa
(authoritative instruction)

10. SzÉïlÉ,xmÉzÉïlÉ,mÉëzlÉ
(A.xÉÔ.1/22)
Three fold examination techniques
namely Darshan (inspection), sparsana
(palpation) and Prasna (interrogation).
wÉQèÌuÉkÉ mÉUϤÉÉ :
iɱjÉÉ mÉgcÉÍpÉ:´ÉÉå§ÉÌSÍpÉ:
mÉëzlÉålÉç cÉåÌiÉ
(xÉÑ.xÉÑ.10/4)
A¹èÌuÉkÉ mÉUϤÉÉ :
lÉÉÌQ,qÉsÉ,qÉÔ§É,ÎeÉuWûÉ,SØMçü,AÉ
M×üÌiÉ,zÉoS,xmÉzÉï.

11. SzÉÌuÉkÉ mÉUϤÉÉ :
mÉëM×üÌiÉ,ÌuÉM×üÌiÉ,xÉÉUç,xÉiuÉ,xÉiqrÉç,xÉ
ÇWûlÉlÉ,mÉëqÉÉhÉç,AÉWûUzÉçÌ£ü,
urÉrÉÉqÉzÉÌ£ü,uÉrÉ.
(cÉ.ÌuÉ.8/94)
The patient should be examined with
reference to his Prakrti(physical constitution),
vikrti(morbidity), sara(excellence of dhatus),
samhanana(compactness),
pramana(measurement of organs of body),
satmya(homologation), sattva(psychic
condition), aharashakti(power of digestion of
food), vyayamashakti(power of performing
exercise) and vayas(age) in order to ascertain

12. wÉQèÌuÉkÉ
mÉUϤÉÉ

13. mÉëirɤÉiÉxiÉÑ ZÉçsÉÑ UÉåaÉiuÉÇ
oÉÑpÉÑixÉ: xÉuÉåïÎlSìÄrÉæ: xÉuÉïlÉç
CÎlSìrÉÉjÉïlÉ AÉiÉÑUç zÉçUÏUçaÉiÉÉlÉ
mÉUå¤ÉåiÉç AlrÉ§É UxÉkrÉlÉÉiÉ
(cÉ.ÌuÉ.4/7)
One desirous of examining the specific
characteristics of the disease by “Pratyaksh
pramana(direct observation)” should examine by
his owns senses the objects of senses in the body
of the patient except the one relating to the taste
organ (i.e. UxÉlÉåÎlSìrÉ). UxÉlÉåÎlSìrÉ mÉUϤÉÉ
is done by “Anumana pramana(inference).”

14. ´ÉÉå§ÉåÎlSìrÉ mÉUϤÉÉ-
iÉ§É ´ÉÉå§ÉåÎlSìrÉ ÌuÉ¥ÉårÉç
ÌuÉzÉåwÉç UÉåaÉåwÉÑ uÉëhxÉëÉuÉ
ÌuÉ¥ÉÉÌlÉrÉÌSwÉÑ uɤrliÉå iɧÉ
xÉTåülÉçÇ U£çüÍqÉUrÉ³É AÌlÉsÉ:
xÉzÉoSÉå ÌlÉaÉïcNèûÌiÉ CirÉqÉåuÉSrÉç: |
(xÉÑ.xÉÔ.10/5)
The different kinds of information about the
diseases obtainable through the organ of hearing
such as safen rakta(frothy blood) coming out
accompanied with sound, forced by vata etc.

15. AÉl§ÉMÑüeÉlÉ xÉÎlkÉxmÉÑOèlÉç Al…
¡ÓûÍsÉmÉuÉïhÉçqÉ cÉ xuÉUÌuÉzÉåwÉç cÉ rÉå
cÉÉlrÉåÌmÉ MåüÍcÉiÉç zÉçUÏUÉåmÉaÉiÉÉ:
zÉçoS: xrÉÑxiÉç ´ÉÉå§ÉåhÉç mÉUå¤ÉåiÉç |
(cÉ.ÌuÉ.4/7)
Following should be examined by
auscultation:
•Antrakujan (Gurgling sound in the intestine)
•Sandhi sphutan (cracking sound in the joints)
•Voice of the patient
•Such other sounds in the body of the patient like
the sounds of coughing and hiccup

16. How to doHow to do
The ears of the physician are no doubt the
essential organs for this examination. But there is
use of hearing aid to make it easy like
stethoscope. In past time Aacharyas use SVARNA
YANTRA(hearing instrument in the form of a
hallow tube) to examine the patient. In some cases
the examiner can do this examination by
Pratyaksha karma.
It is quite similar to AUSCULTATION and
PERCUSSION EXAMINATION.

17. Detecting by HearingDetecting by Hearing Name of the DiseaseName of the Disease
Ruksha Svara Pishachonmada
Svara bheda Vataja Kasa, Ksataja
Kasa, Raktapitta, Pinasa,
Svara Bheda roga etc.
Atopa Amatisara, Adhmana etc.
Adhmana Udavarta,
Baddhagudodara, Vata
vyadhi upadrava
Antrakujana Vatatisara, Gulma,
Pakvashaya gata vata
etc.

18. xmÉzÉïlÉåÎlSìrÉ mÉUϤÉÉ-
xmÉzÉïlÉåÎlSìrÉç ÌuÉ¥ÉårÉç:zÉÏiÉÉåwhÉç
zsɤÉçhMüMïüzÉç qÉ×SÒMüÌOûlÉçiuÉSrÉç:
xmÉzÉïç ÌuÉzÉåwÉç euÉUç zÉÉåTüÌSwÉÑ |
(xÉÑ.xÉÔ.10/5)
Those obtainable through the organ of touch are-
sheeta(cold), ushna(heat), shlakshna(smoothness),
karkash(roughness), mrudu(softness),
kathin(hardness), etc. in jwara(fever),
shotha(edema) and other diseases.
For example:
• Usna sparsa in Jwara

19. How to doHow to do
It is the hands of the physician that are essential for
this examination with the palm of the hand. All the parts of
body of the patient are touched and felt for detecting their
normal and abnormal qualities.
In this examination the examiner’s palm should not
be more sheet(cold) or more ushna(hot). The touch must
be neither too hard or too light: a hard touch makes the
underlying muscles to become tense, where as a too light
touch will not convey anything to the palpating hand. The
touch must be comfortable to the patient.
It also includes NADI PARIKSHA. It is quite similar
to PALPATION EXAMINATION.

20. Detecting by TouchDetecting by Touch Name of theName of the
DiseaseDisease
Nadi mandatara Mandagni, Ksinadhatu
Paripinditatvat
sparsopa labhyah
Gulma
Sparsajnatvamiti Kustha Purva rupa
Bahalam
Hasticharmavat
Charma kustha
Kina khara sparsam
parusam
Kitibha Kustha

21. cɤÉÑUåÎlSìrÉ mÉUϤÉÉ-
cɤÉÑUåÎlSìrÉ ÌuÉ¥ÉårÉç:
zÉUÏUÉåmÉcÉrÉçArÉÑsÉï¤ÉhÉç oÉsÉ uÉhÉïç
ÌuÉMüÉUÉSrÉ: |
(xÉÑ.xÉÔ.10/5)
Those obtainable through the organ of sight increase
and decrease of the size of body, signs of aayu(life-
span), changes of bala(strength) and varna(color) of
the body etc.

22. uÉhÉïxÉÇxjÉlÉ mÉëqÉÉhÉç NûÉÄrÉÉ
zÉUÏUçmÉëM×üÌiÉÌuÉMüÉUÉã cÉç¤ÉÑ
ÌuÉwÉçrÉMüÉÍhÉ rÉÉÌlÉ cÉ AlrÉlrÉ rÉÑYiÉÉÌlÉ
iÉÉÌlÉ cɤÉÑwÉç mÉËU¤ÉåiÉç |
(cÉ.ÌuÉ.4/7)
The following should be examined visually:
•uÉhÉï (colour)
•xÉÇxjÉlÉ (shape)
•mÉëqÉÉhÉç (measurement)
•NûÉÄrÉÉ (complexion)
•zÉUÏUçmÉëM×üÌiÉ (natural state of body)

23. How to doHow to do
Keeping the patient in good light and at a
convenient close range, observe all over the body
scrupulously, not overlooking or bye-passing any
change however minute it be.
Use of a magnifying glass, reflecting mirrors,
X-Ray and such other instruments which are
helpful to see the internal parts of the body.
It is quite similar to INSPECTION
EXAMINATION.

24. Detecting by SightDetecting by Sight Name of the DiseaseName of the Disease
Avila netrata Ardita purvarupa
Haridra netrata Kamala asadhya
lakshana
Akshikuta sotha Mirda bhakshanjanya
Pandu
Svetapita lochana Pandu
Kuksheratimatra vrddhi Jalodara
Drsti viparyaya Udhvaswasa

25. UxÉlÉåÎlSìrÉ mÉUϤÉÉ-
UxÉlÉåÎlSìrÉç ÌuÉ¥ÉårÉç:
mÉëqÉåWûÌSwÉÑ UÎxuÉzÉåwÉç:|
(xÉÑ.xÉÔ.10/5)
Those obtainable through the organ of taste
are- the different taste in madhumeha(diabetes)
and such other diseases.

26. UxÉÇ iÉÑ ZÉçsÉ AÉiÉÑU
zÉUÏUaÉiÉqÉç
CÎlSìrÉÌuÉwÉrÉMqÉmrÉÉlÉÑqÉÉlÉSuÉa
ÉcNûÌiÉ, lÉ AxrÉ mÉëirɤÉåhÉ
aÉëWûhÉçqÉ EmÉmÉkrÉiÉå,
iÉxqÉÉSÉiÉÑUmÉËUmÉëzlÉå uÉ
AÉiÉÑUqÉÑZÉUxÉÇ ÌuÉkrÉiÉç,
rÉÑMüÉmÉxÉmÉïhÉålÉ iÉÑ AxrÉ
zÉçUÏUuÉæUxrÉqÉ,
qÉͤÉMüÉåxÉmÉïhÉålÉ
zÉçUÏUqÉÉkÉÑrÉïå,

27. Tastes of the various factors in the body of
the patient are no doubt the objects of the
gustatory sense organ. They can however be
ascertained by Anumana pramana(inference) and
not by Pratyaksha pramana(direct observation).
Therefore, Atura mukha rasa (the taste in the
mouth of the patient) should be ascertained by
mÉëzlÉç mÉUϤÉÉ(interrogation). Impairment of
the taste of body should be inferred when lice etc.;
go away from the body. Sweet taste of the body
can be inferred when flies are attracted towards
the body.

28. In the case of raktapitta (bleeding from
various parts of the body), if there is a doubt
about the nature of the blood, it should be
resolved by giving the blood to dogs and
cows to eat. Intake of the blood by dogs and
cows is indicative of its purity and rejection
by these animals indicates that the blood is
vitiated by pitta.

29. How to doHow to do
Making use of the tongue for the examination
of the patient or other materials connected with the
patient is an impractical method how as also it
was, even in Aacharyas kala. So the findings of
the tastes of the materials of the body was
attempted indirectly by noting of the behavior of
insects like ants, flies etc.
Now a days various laboratory tests are
being adopted to determine the taste of many
materials of the body like blood, urine etc.

30. Detecting byDetecting by
RasanaprikshaRasanapriksha
Name of the DiseaseName of the Disease
Asya vairasya Jwara, Kasa, Arochaka
etc.
Asyamadhurya Kaphapittaja amlapitta,
Kaphaja chardi, Kaphaja
hrdroga
Aruchi Jwara, Kamla, Krmi,
Halimaka, Grahani,
Arochaka roga

31. bÉëÉhÉåÎlSìrÉ mÉUϤÉÉ-
bÉëÉhÉåÎlSìrÉ ÌuÉ¥ÉårÉÉ AËU¹è ÍsÉ…¡ûÉÌSwÉÑ
uÉëhÉÉlÉqÉç AuÉëhÉlÉÉÇ cÉ aÉlkÉÌuÉzÉåwÉç |
(xÉÑ.xÉÔ.10/5)
Those obtainable through the organ of smell are-
the different odors appearing along with aarishta
lakshan(fatal signs) in varna(ulcerous and non ulcerous)
and diseases.

32. aÉlkÉÉÇxiÉÑ ZÉsÉÑ xÉuÉïzÉUÏUaÉiÉlÉÉiÉÑUxrÉ
mÉëM×üÌiÉuÉæMüËUMüÉlÉç bÉëÉhÉålÉ
mÉUϤÉåiÉ |
(cÉ.ÌuÉ.4/7)
Normal and abnormal smells of the entire body the
patient should be examined by the organ of smell.
xuÉpÉÉÌuÉMü aÉlkÉ- cÉlSlÉ, iÉaÉU, AaÉU,
AÉÌS |
AzÉÑpÉ aÉlkÉ- qÉÔ§É, mÉÑËUwÉ, MÑühÉmÉ
aÉlkÉ AÉÌS |

33. How to doHow to do
The physician should cultivate the practice of
smelling various substances of the body and must
train himself to detect their normal or abnormal
smell. A pleasant smell or unpleasant smell should
be taken with equal regard and decision whether
either one is normal or abnormal should be taken
careful consideration.

34. Detecting by SmellDetecting by Smell Name of the DiseaseName of the Disease
Gatra dauragandhya Kostha varna, Medo
roga
Durgandha kapha Kshayaja kasa
Anga lohagandha Raktaja daha
Kaunyam Medagata kustha

35. mÉëzlÉç mÉUϤÉÉ-
mÉëzlÉålÉç cÉ ÌuÉ¥ÉÉÌlÉrÉÉSè SåzÉç MüÉsÉç
eÉÉÌiÉ xÉÉiqrÉ AÉiÉ烡éûxÉqÉÑimÉçÌiÉ uÉåSlÉ
xÉqÉÑcNèûrÉç oÉsÉ AliÉUÎalÉ uÉÉiÉç qÉÔ§É
mÉÑËUwÉÉhÉÇ mÉëuÉ×ÌiÉ AmÉëuÉ×ÌiÉ
MüÉsÉçmÉëMüwÉïÌSÇ cÉ |
(xÉÑ.xÉÔ. 10/5)
Those obtainable through questioning, are nature of
desh(habitat), kala(time), jati(caste), cause for onset of
diseases, exacerbation of the symptoms, bala(strength),
nature of agni(internal fire), elimination or non elimination of
aadhovata(flatus) mutra(urine) and mala(faeces), time of
exacerbation of disease etc.

36. wÉQèÌuÉkÉ
mÉUϤÉÉ in
Raktha vaha
Shrotash

37. ´ÉÉå§ÉåÎlSìrÉ´ÉÉå§ÉåÎlSìrÉ mÉUmÉUÏϤÉɤÉÉ in Rakth vah srotas-in Rakth vah srotas-
Aadhmatdrathi shabdvat(Dulness or shifting
dulness) in Jalodar (Upadrava of kamala).
xmÉzÉïlÉåÎlSìrÉxmÉzÉïlÉåÎlSìrÉ mÉUmÉUÏϤÉɤÉÉ in Rakth vah srotasin Rakth vah srotas--
In Kafaja Rakthapitta- Greasy in touch blood.
In Kumbhkamla- Rukshta(roughness and
dryness) of skin.

38. cɤÉÑUåÎlSìrÉcɤÉÑUåÎlSìrÉ mÉUmÉUÏϤÉɤÉÉ in Rakth vah srotasin Rakth vah srotas--
In Vataj rakthapitta- color of blood is blackish
or blackish brown
In Pittaj rakthapitta- color of blood is dark
black or cow’s urine like color.
In Kafaj rakthapitta- color of blood is
yellowish.
In kamla- yellow discoloration of nails skin
eyes and mouth.
In Shakhashirit kamala- White colored stool.
In kumbhkamla- dark yellow colored urine and
stool.

39. UxÉlÉåÎlSìrÉUxÉlÉåÎlSìrÉ mÉUmÉUÏϤÉɤÉÉ in Rakth vah srotasin Rakth vah srotas--
In Raktapitta- Intake of the blood by dogs
and cows is indicative of purity its and rejection
by these animals indicates that the blood is
vitiated by pitta.
bÉëÉhÉåÎlSìrÉbÉëÉhÉåÎlSìrÉ mÉUmÉUÏϤÉɤÉÉ in Rakth vah srotasin Rakth vah srotas--
In Raktapitta- Iron metal smell (acc to
Aacharya Susruta) or Fishy smell (acc to
aacharya Charaka) in breath.

40. mÉëzlÉç mÉUmÉëzlÉç mÉUÏϤÉɤÉÉ in Rakth vah srotasin Rakth vah srotas--
In Rakthapitta- burning in palms and
feet. Burning due to consumed cereals. To
visualize subjects of different colors(Red,
Blue, Yellow etc.) in sleep.
In kamala- weakness, burning
sensation, constipation, dyspnoea,
drowsiness, mild or low grade fever, etc.

41. ConclusionConclusion
As per acharyas even though they
have classified rogi pariksha (as dividha, trivivdha,
shadvidha, asthavidha, dashavidha.) one have to
apply their own yukti and do all the pariksha which
are applicable in the particular patient so that
proper treatment plan can be adopted in curing the
diseases.