This document discusses the importance of blood and blood component therapy. It aims to create awareness of the vital role blood transfusion plays in saving lives and improving health, and to motivate more people to become regular, repeat, voluntary blood donors. It explains that whole blood can be separated into components like red blood cells, platelets, plasma, and white blood cells, each with specific medical applications. These components are used to treat conditions like anemia, bleeding disorders, and cancer. The document encourages using blood components selectively based on medical need to optimize resources and prevent unnecessary wastage.

1. Importance of Blood And Blood Component Therapy By Dr Rashmi Sood Consultant Transfusion Medicine delhi heart & lung institute New Delhi.

2. Use of Blood and Blood Components as a Medicine has come a long way!!!!

3. AIMOF Todays Programme 1) To create awareness of the vital role of blood transfusion in saving lives and improving the health of millions of people each year.

4. AIMOF Todays Programme 2) To motivate more people to become REGULAR REPEAT VOLUNTARY DONORS so that no one suffers for the want of blood.

5. THEME MORE BLOOD MORE LIFE

7. Majority of it comes from replacement donors.

9. Blood in a person E .g. A male of body weight 75 Kg has 75 x 70 = 5250ml or 5.25 litres of blood.

10. Why screen before Blood Donation???? For the safety of both the donor and the potential recipient .

11. Who can Donate Blood? Age :Between 18 to 60 years of Age. Weight : At least 45 Kg. Hemoglobin: 12.5gm%. Frequency of Donations: Minimum interval between donations is 3 months. Health: In good health and feeling well. Screening: At the time of donation a number of questions are asked to determine donor eligibility.

12. 1.Voluntary-non remunerated. 2.Replacement or relative. 3.Professional or commercial. 62 countries in the world have entire collection Of blood by voluntary blood donation. In India approx. 50% is by Voluntary Blood Donation

13. Screening criteria Medical history Preliminary health check

14. Temporary Deferral

15. Permanent deferral

16. Tale of the red fluid called blood !!!!

17. The Three Formed Elements

19. Carries nourishment to the tissues.

21. Red cells, white cells and platelets suspended in plasma as seen under MICROSCOPE

24. WHOLE BLOOD VERSUS COMPONENTS

26. Presently only 30-35 percent blood is being used as separate components .

27. It should increase to 70-75 percent each component is given When specifically needed Rationalizing the use of blood and preventing unnecessary wastage.

28. Imagine the outcome without the availability of these drugs!!!!

30. WHY RED IN COLOUR?

38. Packed Red Blood Cells Contraindications!! LRBC should not be used: 1) When anemia can be corrected with specific medications, e.g., iron, B12, folic acid, erythropoietin, etc 2) For volume replacement.

39. What are Platelets? Platelets are colorless,irregularly shaped bodies found in blood.

40. Platelet Functions The primary role of platelets is to prevent bleeding in injured blood vessel walls by forming an aggregate at the site of injury.

41. Platelet Functions Platelets can also participate in blood coagulation, inflammation and wound healing.

43. Ask a Physician treating patients with bleeding due to severely decreased production or abnormal function of platelets , as in

44. Leukaemia

45. Hypoplastic Anaemia

46. Chemotherapy

47. Bone marrow transplantation

48. Marrow Infiltration eg. Carcinoma , Leukaemia

50. Useful in selected cases of postoperative bleeding with platelet count less than 50 x 109/L (50,000/mL).

53. Platelet Incubator and Agitator Need to be stored with constant agitation.

55. There are different types of white blood cells (granulocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes).

56. The lymphocytes help with immune defense.

59. The red cells, white cells, and platelets are suspended in the plasma.

63. Plasma also has volume expansion and oncotic properties.

65. Indications functional Vit.K dependent coagulation factors II,VII,IX and X.If these patients are bleeding or need emergency surgery. 3.FFP is used in antithrombin deficiency,inherited or acquired after oral contraceptive use or in patients with liver disease.

66. Indications 4.FFP is used in infants with secondary immunodeficiency associated with severe protein losing enteropathy . 5.FFP is used in patients who have to undergo emergency bypass surgey and are on anticoagulants. 6.FFP is indicated for massive transfusion (replacement of the patient’s blood volume in < 24 hours) with a demonstrated deficiency of Factor VIII and V, otherwise frozen plasma is adequate.

67. Indications 7.Fresh frozen plasma is indicated in exchange transfusion in neonates.

69. A source of coagulation factors :

70. Factor VIII : In acquired deficiency eg DIC , massive transfusion and congenital deficiency as in Hemophilia A.

71. Factor V, Factor XIII.

72. Von Willebrand Factor in Von-Willebrands disease.

73. Fibrinogen and fibronectin are present in Cryo.

75. What is an Apheresis Donation? Apheresis means to selectively collect a blood component (red cells, platelets, white cells or plasma)

76. Platelets Plasma

77. Principle of APHERESIS Donation A specific blood component is selected and separated by the machine (most commonly platelets or plasma)

80. PLASMA EXCHANGE &RED CELL exchange 1) Therapeutic Plasma exchange indicated in Myasthenia crisis , Guillain Barre Syndrome, Thrombotic thrombocytopaenic purpura, Haemolytic uraemic syndrome etc. 2) Red cell exchange for falciparum malaria,sickle cell anaemia.

82. Irradiation for: – Units from blood relatives – Allo/Auto Hematopoietic Progenitor Cell Transplant Recipients – Intrauterine transfusion – Neonates undergoing exchange transfusion – Hodgkin’s Disease – Cellular immune deficiency disorders – Solid Organ Transplants

83. FRACTIONATED PLASMA PRODUCTS INCLUDE : 1) ALBUMIN HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN 2) PLASMA PROTEIN FRACTION 3) IMMUNOGLOBULINS IMMUNE SERUM GLOBULIN SPECIFIC Igs (HYPER IMMUNE) 4) COAGULATION PROTEINS F VIII,IX, VII ACTVATED F IX COMPLEX/ F VIII 5) PROTEASE INHIBITORS AT III, CI ESTERASE INHIBITOR

84. RECOMBINANT BLOOD PRODUCTS: 1)Recombinant factor VIII e.g. Recombinate 2)Recombinant factor IX e.g. Benefix 3) Recombinant factor VII (Novoseven) 4) vWF, ATIII 5) Alpha1 protease inhibitor 6) Hb vaccines 7) R Hb 8) Haemopoietic growth factors EPO,G-CSF, GM-CSF,TPO,ILs,TNF

85. THANK YOU…….