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With the

Blessings

Of the            The lord of
                  Ayurveda….

Almighty   …
                  Shri
               Dhanvantari
Scienviron – 2011
         at
IISWBM Campus, Kolkata

on 25th November 2011
Presented by
Dr. Pawan Kumar Sharma
          M.D. (Ayu), MBA
   Associate Vice President (R&D)

           Dr. B. N. Bhatt,
              B.A.M.S., M.B.A.,
    Manager ( InstL. sales & research)

      Mr. Samadur Rahman,
              B. Com., M.B.A.,
             Project Officer

      Ms. Sibani Mukherjee
                   M.A.,
                Executive
Pollution is the
   introduction of
 contaminants into a
 natural environment
that causes instability,
  disorder, harm or
  discomfort to the
   ecosystem
Combination of abiotic factors
             &
    communities in an
  environment is called an
         ecosystem
Life Levels and Organization
Air Pollution


I Breathe What?
Chemicals
Exhaust
Pollen
Dirt
Dust Storms
Facts About Breathing
• You breath about 26,000 times a day (16-18
  breaths per minute)
• That is about 150 full bathtubs of air
• We breath in over a billion small particles a
  day (1,000,000,000)
• The average house collects about 2 pounds of
  dust a week
How does your body filter out the
             particles?


                                  Mucus

Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
Nasal Hair




Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air.
Sneezing
Coughing
Air Pollution Control
• Gaseous
• Absorption
• Adsorption
• Combustion
• Particulates
•   Cyclone
•   Filter
•   Liquid scrubbing
•   Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
Vertical Venturi Scrubber
Packed Bed Scrubber
Dry Scrubber System
Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides

• Preventive                 • Post combustion
  – minimizing operating       – selective catalytic reduction
    temperature                – selective non-catalytic
  – fuel switching               reduction
  – low excess air             – non-selective catalytic
  – flue gas recirculation       reduction
  – lean combustion
  – staged combustion
  – low Nox burners
  – secondary combustion
  – water/steam injection
Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
Air Filtration
Air Filter

• High removal
  efficiency for <
  5 m particles
Scrubber
• Venturi
Abundance   Peace   Bliss    Unity   Wisdom




                 Success     Purity   Charity Harmony
Health
Yagya?
Process of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the
help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the
Mantras.



                             Meaning



                                Types
  400 Yagnas defined in Shastras
          Seva Yagya, Prana Yagya, Gnana Yagya
Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya
                       INDIAN CULTURE




 Symbol of positive thoughts          Symbol of noble deeds

 Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth
 of human soul and world peace.
Vedic Evolution
•   Atharveda: Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical,
    psychological & emotional disorders.
     –     “one who discards Yagya, loses all eminence and grace. Those who perform havan
         (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their hearts” (Atharv.6/15)

•   Samaveda: Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy

•   Yajurveda: Scientific aspects of Yagna
     –   Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagya,which is a manifestation of thee” (Yajur.
       2/22)
     –   The yagyagni enshowers good rains, prosperity and strength” (Yajur. 3/40).
•   Geeta: Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the
    thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death,
    attachments and sufferings. The karmas of Yagya, charity and tapa purify and
    illuminate the human life.

•   Mahabharta: Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There
    is no regulatory system like Yagya. All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of
    human life
Why Yagya?
• Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of
  nature, it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature.
• Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and
  happiness for everyone, combination of heat and sound energies
  sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of
  peace and wellbeing for all.
• Teaches us Art of purification, Art of communication, Art of
  Surrender, Art of connecting to Divine power within, Art of
  Sacrifice, Art of breathing, Art of tapping into Pranic energy from
  universe, Art of divine guidance
Three Aspects of Yagya
Subtle aspects


•Importance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the
sacrificial fire
•Effect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda
(cosmic sound).
   •All activities are performed with mantras even purification of
   substances.
•Dr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on
Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra). The condition after yagya is found
same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
Social Aspect
• Symbol of Unity & togetherness –for a common purpose
  which is welfare of whole universe

• Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste, creed,
  gender, nationality
Scientific Aspect

• Two basic energy – Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra)

   – The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere

     spiral form by up bound heat radiations

• Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
Fumigating
                       Substances




                        Healthy         Sweet      Medicinal
Wood     Odoriferous
                       Constituents   Substances    Herbs
Sandal     Camphor        Ghee           Sugar      Brahmi
Mango       Saffron        Milk          Honey     Jatamansi
Pipal     Cardamom        Fruits        Jaggery     Cloves
Bargad      Musk         Cereals         Dried      Guggul
                                        Grapes
Scientific Aspect…cont’d

• Chemical & Physical Processes
   – Combustion & Vaporization of wood
      • Cellulose of wood
   – Steam Volatilization of odorous substances
      • 400 – 600 degrees Celsius
   – Combustion of fatty substances
      • Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose
   – Photo-chemical Process
      • CO2 + H2O + 112,000 cal. = HCHO + O2


                                         Formaldehyde
Scientific Aspect…cont’d

• Shape of Altar (Agnikund) – ‘Inverted Pyramid’
• Pyramid – Fire in the middle
   – Receive, Generate & Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy




Power of Mantras
   Gaayatri Mantra produces 1,08,000 vibrations/sec
Benefits of Yagya
Environmental

• Removal of foul odors: Diffusion of substances like thymol, eugenol,
  pine, terpinol and oils of sandal-wood, camphor and clove.
• Removal of bacteria:
   – Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant property
   – Formic acid & Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used
     as preservatives.
• Removal of insects: Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies,
  ringworm, dice etc away or kills them.
• Effects on Vegetation:
   – Agnihotra Farming methods
   – Ash as fertilizer
• Role of CO2 produced
   – CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetation
   – Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problems
   – Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
Benefits of Yagya
Healthcare - Yagnopathy
• Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through
  skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra, homam).
       • Inhalation from nose (deep breathing), mouth (chanting vedic hymns)
       • Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency.


   – Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with
     specific vedic hymns (mantras)

• Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanism
   – No side effects
   – Encouraging results in the treatment of TB, Diabetes, Weak Eye
     Sight Neurological disorders, Drug addiction

• Effective results in treatment of Respiratory, Mental & Psychosomatic
  disorders
Case Studies

      Illness: Hodgkin                   Illness: HIV Positive
          Lymphom                      A 20 year old HIV positive
 The patient was given two              patient after 60 days of
months to live. He improved                 HOMA THERAPY
  within 45 days and didn't                    Treatment
 present any tumor after 2                plus medicinal plants
           months.                       became HIV negative.
Case Studies
                                                Air Samples (mg/avg sample)
• Dr Manoj Garg, Director,
  Environmental & Technical
  Consultants and UP Pollution Control
  Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in
  Gorakhpur (UP)
   • 20 mts from place of Yagya
                                             Bacteria Count in Water Samples




•The increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna
is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human
hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr. Matthias
Ferbinger of Germany.
Case Studies

 Drugs & Alcohol Deaddiction
Lt. Col. G.R. Golecha, a senior advisor in the psychiatry
division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser
(25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the
readings. There was improvement recorded in
psychology in abstaining from the drugs.

•   Diabetes Cure   Name of patient: Pandurang M. Patil Age: 72 yrs.
                    Address: Sai Prabha, Mangvir Pakhadi
                    Case: One year old diabetic.
Case Studies

Bhopal Gas Tragedy

There were, however, two families ---Shri. Sohan
Lal S Khushwaha and Shri. M.L. Rathore, which lived in
the worst affected area, one mile away from the plant
came out unscathed as they were regularly performing
Agnihotra (Havan). In these families, none died. Nobody
was even hospitalized despite of being present in the
area worst hit by the toxic gas.
This observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful
antidote to pollution.
AIDS Healed!!                                               Scientist Warns of Banana's Demise by
with HOMA Therapy                                           2013
These are copies of the documents provided by Dr            M. Emile Frison, head of the International
Jaime Montufar, MD who is the Director of the "HOMA         Network for the Improvement of Banana
MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD" in                      and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier,
Guayaquil, Ecuador.                                         France, told New Scientist magazine that
A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV               Cavendish, the world's main export variety
negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY          of banana, could face extinction by 2013.
and medicinal plants. read more                             The banana, in various forms, is the staple
                                                            diet for some half billion people in Asia and
English translation of Dr Montufar's report                 Africa and Latin America.
Satsang Magazine:                                           The Amazon banana crop has been
The magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the      devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus, and
message of 'Love Thy Neighbor' through Agnihotra and        the banana is already extinct in
Fivefold Path. It contains many stories from all over the   Cuba.                        Farmers in the
world of various people's experiences with Agnihotra and    banana belt in India are now battling Yellow
Homa Therapy.                                               Sigatoka fungus.
Videos:
                                                            Some banana growers in the Peruvian
Videos are available in Spanish and English translations.
                                                            Amazon have turned to Homa Organic
Material includes: Medical professionals' witness
                                                            Farming in order to combat the fungus
accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS,
                                                            problem.
diabetes, asthma, etc. Farming results from Agriculture
professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in           Read about their documented success
organic farming.                                            stories
Water Pollution

Water          Do (ppm) at 20˚C
Quality


     Good
                                                              8-9

   Slightly
  polluted                                           6.7-8

Moderately
  polluted                                4.5-6.7

  Heavily
  polluted
                              Below 4.5

  Gravely
  polluted
                          Below 4
                                                    Pg. 535
Water pollution

•   Bacteria,Viruses,Protozoa, Parasitic worms
•   Oxygen demanding substances
•   Inorganic plant nutrients
•   Organic chemicals
•   Sediment or suspended matter
•   Thermal pollution
•   Genetic pollution
Biological
Magnification




                            Water
                        0.000002 ppm

                                                    Herring gull
                                                     124 ppm
        Phytoplankton
         0.0025 ppm




                        Herring gull eggs
                            124 ppm



     Zooplankton                            Lake trout
      0.123 ppm                             4.83 ppm
Point and Nonpoint Sources
                NONPOINT SOURCES



                                          Rural homes




Urban streets                                           Cropland

                                                          Animal feedlot


                 Suburban              POINT
                 development           SOURCES
                                                                       Factory

                          Wastewater
                          treatment
                          plant
Pollution of Streams
Case Study: India’s Ganges River: Religion, Poverty,
                    and Health

                         • Daily, more than 1
                           million Hindus in India
                           bathe, drink from, or
                           carry out religious
                           ceremonies in the
                           highly polluted Ganges
                           River.
Discharge of untreated
                                Pollution of Lakes
     municipal sewage                                  Nitrogen compounds
(nitrates and phosphates)                               produced by cars
                                                           and factories




                                                                                     Natural runoff
                                            Discharge of                             (nitrates and
                                              detergents                              phosphates
                                            ( phosphates)

                                                                    Manure runoff
                                                                    From feedlots
                                                                    (nitrates and
                                                                    Phosphates,
                        Discharge of treated                          ammonia)
                         municipal sewage
                     (primary and secondary
                             treatment:
                     nitrates and phosphates)
                                                                              Runoff from streets,
                                                                            lawns, and construction
                                                Lake ecosystem                 lots (nitrates and
                                                nutrient overload                 phosphates)
                                                and breakdown of
                                                 chemical cycling

                                                                                      Runoff and erosion
                  Dissolving of                                                     (from from cultivation,
                 nitrogen oxides                                                     mining, construction,    Fig .22.7, p. 499
            (from internal combustion                                                 and poor land use)
              engines and furnaces)
Leaking
tank




Water
table

        Groundwater
        flow      Free gasoline
Gasoline          dissolves in
leakage plume     groundwater
(liquid phase)    (dissolved        Migrating
                  phase)            vapor phase
                    Contaminant plume moves       Water well
                    with the groundwater
                                                               Fig. 20-12
Groundwater Pollution: Causes



                                                                           Hazardous waste injection well
                                          Pesticides
Coal strip
                 De-icing                               Buried gasoline
mine runoff
                 road salt                              and solvent tank
              Pumping                                                Cesspool
              well                           Gasoline                septic tank
                                             station
                   Waste lagoon       Water pumping       Sewer
                                      well   Landfill
                             Accidental                                            Leakage from faulty
                             spills                                                casing

                                                                           Discharge

                                                                  Confined aquifer

                                                        Groundwater
                                                        flow
Groundwater Pollution Prevention
 Monitoring aquifers

 Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal



 Storing hazardous materials above ground
Ancient Solutions
to better water quality
Industry                 Cities                Urban sprawl
Nitrogen oxides          Toxic metals          Bacteria and viruses       Construction sites
from autos and           and oil from          from                       Sediments are washed into
smokestacks,             streets and           sewers and septic tanks    waterways, choking fish and plants,
toxic chemicals,         parking lots          contaminate shellfish      clouding waters, and blocking
and heavy metals in      pollute waters;       beds                       sunlight.
effluents flow into
bays and estuaries.
                                                                                   Farms
                                                                                   Runoff of pesticides, manure, and
                                                                                   fertilizers adds toxins and excess
                                                                                   nitrogen and phosphorus.
                                                                                              Red tides
                                                               Closed                         Excess nitrogen causes
                                                               shellfish beds                 explosive growth of
                                                                                              toxicmicroscopic algae,
                                      Closed                                                  poisoning fish and
                                      beach                                                   marine mammals.
                                                    Oxygen-depleted
                                                    zone




 Toxic sediments
 Chemicals and toxic metals
 contaminate shellfish
 beds, kill spawning fish,
 and
 accumulate in the tissues
 of bottom feeders.
                                                Oxygen-depleted zone                     Healthy zone
                                                Sedimentation and algae                  Clear, oxygen-rich
                                                overgrowth reduce sunlight,              waters promote growth
         Fig. 20-15                             kill beneficial sea grasses, use         of plankton and sea grasses,
                                                up oxygen, and degrade habitat.          and support fish.Fig. 21-10, p. 505
Reducing Water Pollution through
           Sewage Treatment




• Primary and Secondary sewage treatment.
                                        Figure 20-19
Technological Approach: Using Wetlands
            to Treat Sewage
(




    Sewage
                                                                                            Treated
                                                                                             water
                          Wetland type                          Wetland type
                            plants                                plants




                                             45 centimeter
                                           layer of limestone
                                           gravel coated with
                 First concrete pool     decomposing bacteria        Second concrete pool



             (
Drinking Water Quality
            Is Bottled Water the Answer?

• Some bottled water is not as pure as tap
  water and costs much more.
  – 1.4 million metric tons of plastic bottles are
    thrown away.
  – Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles.
     • The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the U.S. each
       year would fuel 100,000 cars.
What Can You Do?
                          Water Pollution

• Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost
  instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer.

• Minimize your use of pesticides.

• Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water.

• Grow or buy organic foods.

• Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water
  is contaminated. Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap
  water.

• Compost your food wastes.

• Do not use water fresheners in toilets.

• Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet.

• Do not pour pesticides, paints, solvents, oil, antifreeze, or other
  products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto
  the ground.
Environmentally Sound Technologies
         in the Urban Water Cycle


                            storage &
                          augmentation




         reuse,recycle                     supply &
          & disposal                      distribution




                         use &   saving
Ponds and reservoirs
      Dams and reservoirs are a common approach to
      storage of river water. Big dams, however, do often
      cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be
      called environmentally sound. Small dams with
      careful consideration of ecological and social impacts
      can do better. In permanent rivers, under water
      beams are an option. In ‘wadis’ sand dams are a
      sound technology for the infiltration of river water to
      the groundwater.
Artificial recharge of ground water
Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater
in aquifers. It may supplement the natural percolation. In seasonal
climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and
the quality control that is                                     essential to
maintain the                                         quality of
groundwater                                          resources. Recharging
can                                        take place from the surface
                      or directly into sub surface
            layers.
Rainwater harvesting ESTs
Rainwater runoff from
roofs is stored in tanks to
be used inside buildings.




                       Stormwater from streets and parks can be
                       infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water
                       for trees, gardens and parks. Sand filters and
                       constructed wetlands can be used for quality
                       control.
Storage of treated sewage
Effluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface
waters as a source for urban water supply. Quality control is crucial.




                      The use of effluent for recharging groundwater
                      is possible. Soil Aquifer Treatment technology
                      prevents pollution by pathogens, nutrients and
                      other contaminants.
[Sourcebook
Chapter 4.3]   Supply and distribution ESTs
               1.   Surface water abstraction
               2.   Groundwater abstraction
               3.   Water supply reservoirs (tanks)
               4.   Transfer of water
               5.   Single pipeline systems (one quality)
               6.   Dual pipeline systems (two qualities)
               7.   Water containers (bottles, tanks)
               8.   Centralised treatment systems
               9.   Point of use treatment systems
Water pipe systems
                              Water supply networks are advanced systems that
                              require advanced maintenance regimes. Leakage, due to
                              poor maintenance is a major problem. Often more than
                              50% of the piped water is lost. Capacity building and fund
                              availability for maintenance are the first priorities.




Lowering night time pressure and a system of
metering and billing water use above a basic level
may be helpful but are not a final solution.
Dual ofqualitynetwork supply, is the use of drinking water
A problem central piped
                        systems
quality for non drinking purposes. In dual networks service water quality
has it’s own network. Wrong connections can be avoided by different
colours for different pipes. Dual systems at the building level only, avoid
city networks.
                                Buildings should have a reliable
                                 technical department for
                                maintenance and quality
                     control. Rainwater or treated
           greywater can be used as
           service water. Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in
                     demand and supply.
Wells, tanks and bottles
   At the neighborhood level, improving the quality and
   increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good
   environmentally sound technology.


   In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers
   or groundwater (boreholes), good quality water can be
   delivered by trucks to static tanks,
              from where people
              can take water home                                in
   bottles or small                                    containers.
Drinking water quality
Health requires good quality drinking water. Centralized
treatment systems can be improved and extended.




                                         If drinking water of reliable
                                         quality is not available,
                                         proper treatment at the user
                                         level is an option.
Use and saving ESTs
1.   Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-)
2.   Water saving toilets
3.   Water saving urinals
4.   Waterless urinals
5.   Water saving taps
6.   Water saving showerheads
7.   Pressure reducers
8.   Water saving household appliances
9.   Economised water use: personal hygiene
10. Economised water use: cleaning & watering
Waterless toilets
Waterless toilets need neither water nor sewers. They work on the
basis of dehydration and composting. The resulting compost can be
applied to the fields in urban agriculture. The right degree of humidity
is crucial. They are often combined with urine separation. Vertical
                                ventilation pipes guarantee odour free
operation.                                Compost toilets require
                                more space and need more
                                maintenance. Simple dry
                                toilets are easier to use and cheaper.
They need to be                 emptied every week.
Water saving in households




Drinking, cleaning, bathing, washing, toilet flushing. Combined water
saving appliances lead to 43% savings in liter per person per day.
Water saving in green spaces
Parks and gardens ask a lot of water, especially in dry climates. Savings
may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated
wastewater.


                            The local government and
                    NGOs    can also give a good
         example demonstrating
         how attractive green spaces                      can be
created with native                             species adapted to
dry                                   conditions.
Rainwater quality and use
Roof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for
service water. For use as drinking water, filtration and disinfection is
required. There should be no debris in the tanks       and no light.
Quality control is a must.
Rainwater quality and use
Run-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in
wetland systems. Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly
improves the city treatment plant’s performance.
Grey & black water treatment
Household based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention. They
create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for
sewage systems.
Grey & black water treatment



                                          Example for on-site sewage
                                          treatment

Small scale aerobic (>compost) or anaerobic technology (>methane +
slurry) are feasible. These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful
guidance. For example joint projects of users with researchers and
practitioners in a learning by doing context.
Constructed wetlands
Stabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the
treatment of domestic wastewater. They provide water for irrigation in urban
agriculture and for watering green spaces.
Detention and retention ponds, lined up with reeds and other wetland plants,
perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets. More polluted
water requires constructed wetlands designed for
              horizontal or vertical flow,
filtering, adsorption and                                      uptake of
nutrients.                                            Good design and
maintenance                                are vital.
Advanced primary treatment
                                             Increasingly strict standards, derived from the
                                             situation in developed countries have made it
                                             almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage
                                             sludge in peri-urban agriculture. In developing
                                             countries effluent (from domestic wastewater
                                             treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and
                                             other toxic substances and more pathogens.




Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical)
treatment with filtration and disinfection. This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives.
Water Pollution Control in ancient era
Ancient civilizations
    went to great lengths to produce
    clear, purified water.
•   The practice of water purification has a long history
     involving many cultures and civilizations. The importance
    of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and
     centuries-old paintings.

• Although modern technology has advanced the processing
  of water that's fit to drink, many of the methods used by
  ancient civilizations, such as heating and filtration, are still
  used today.
Alum in Water
Ancient Sanskrit writings, known as "Sus'ruta Samhita,"
which date back to approximately 2000 B.C., reveal a
traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water.
In the recipe, a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local
Indian herbs, with names such as nirmali, phana, mustaka,
ela, ushira and chandana, and baked well in a fire. The
resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it.
Copper Vessels and Charcoal
   In 1905, Francis Evelyn Place, who studied Sanskrit
   medical lore, noted a water purification method
   found in “Sushruta Samhita," -- a text dating to
   about 2000 B.C. According to the text, water was
   purified by putting it into copper vessels, exposing it
   to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal.
Clarifying Devices
Water treatment devices, including one seen in a painting
dating back to the 15th century B.C., have been found in
ancient Egyptian artwork. This particular clarifying device was
depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes. The
device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the
bottom of the device, with clarified fluid at the top siphoned
off and stored for later use
Hippocrates' Sleeve
Hippocrates, well known as the Father of Medicine,
conducted experiments on water purification in ancient
Greece. A filter, later known as the "Hippocrates Sleeve,"
was used to purify water after it was boiled. According to
Hippocrates, the cloth trapped any sediment in the water
that caused a bad taste or smell.
Ayurveda - purification of drinking water
1. Filtration through thick cloth.
2. Boiling: This is described as there stages:
a. If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of
original quantity.
b. If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of
original quantity.
c. If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of
original quantity.
Water boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for
health.
3. Making it clear with the addition of some herbs: The addition of tubers of lotus
plant, pearls, seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum), gomedhaka (Dolomite stone)
4. Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like
patala (Steriospermum colais), karavira (Nerium indicum),etc.
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERs:
PANCHAKOLA JALA
Digestive, carminative, appetiser, anti-rheumatic, anti-pyretic.


PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYA
Recommended in obesity and hypothyroidism. It also has the
properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above.


JEERAKA JALA
Digestive, carminative, coolant, anti-spasmodic
AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERs
DHANYAKA JALA
Digestive, carminative, coolant, anti-spasmodic
SHUNTI JALA
Digestive, carminative, appetiser, anti-rheumatic, anti-pyretic,
helps in.
KHADHIRA JALA
Blood purifier, improves voice, good in throat ailments.
YAVA JALA
Diuretic, recommended in urinary calculi, obesity.
SHADANGAPANEEYA
Coolant, blood purifier, anti-pyretic.
Noise?
•   Noise is created when an object vibrates

•   Air is compressed and expanded forming waves

•    These varying pressure waves travel outward
    from source in all directions

•   Noise waves have frequency and amplitude

•   Frequency is measure of waves/sec

•   Amplitude is the height of wave from trough

•   Excessive noise can be damaging
Sources of Noise Pollution

Outside
Construction
Road traffic
Airports
Factories
Inside
Phones
TVs / Radios
Appliances
Power tools / lawnmower
Main source is due to increasing population
and urbanization
Effects on Humans: Hearing

Actually hear with our brains, not
our ears
Hair cells send impulses to brain
Hair cells are extremely delicate

Damage to hair cells can result in hearing loss
Threshold shift-several hours
Trauma-permanent
Noise induced-gradually become permanent
Damaging Levels of Sound
Effects on Humans: Health
Disturbance
Sleep-effect performance
Workplace-lack of productivity

Cause Stress
Blood pressure / heart rate rise
May cause cardiovascular diseases
Due to both high and low levels of noise
linked to excessive use of alcohol, drugs, food



  Have also been linked to immune depression and
  problems with fetus development
Effects on Humans: Psychological
Effects on Wildlife
Damage to Hearing
Can reduce chances of survival
Kangaroo rat

Physiological Response
Hormone imbalance
Chronic stress
Responses Result in:
Decrease in food intake
Loss of energy
Abandonment of offspring
Injury
Effects on Marine Life
Marine Mammals use
echolocation
Sonar
Explosive testing

Whales and dolphins
Deaths occurring
Bends?
Beaching themselves
Ways to Reduce and Protect
                  from Noise Pollution
Mask/mask the noise
Vitamins
Wear ear plugs
Use one appliance at a time
Turn down TV?s and radios
No loud toys
Keep Car running properly
Care for Noise Pollution
           In


         Veda
      Shaashtra
Chanting
   of
Chanting of

• OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of
  Mantra tradition. It is considered as the root mantra of all
  mantra. In a majority of Mantra, you will find OM.

• OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred
  sounds on earth. This sound is considered as the sound of the
  existence.

•    it is believed that the whole universe, in its fundamental
    form, is made up of vibrating, pulsating energy. Om is
    considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy.
Chanting of

•   OM is said to be the original primordial creative sound from
    which the entire universe have manifested. It is also known as
    the 'Anahat Nada', the "Unstruck Sound". This means the
    sound that is not made by two things striking together.

• If you observe the nature of sound you'll find that all ordinary
  audible sound are produced by the striking of two objects :
  bow and strings, drum and stick, two vocal cords, waves
  against the shore, winds against the leaves, bat against the
  ball, tyers against the road etc. In short all sounds within our
  range of listening are produces by things visible or invisible,
  striking each other or vibrating together, resulting in pulsating
  waves of air molecules which we interprets as sound.
Chanting
of              Aarati
Chanting of Aarati
•Today in this scientific age one might ridicule lighting of
lamps as one can have the wonderful benefits of electricity.
We must remember that our ancestors have attributed great
importance to this after in-depth study. They also did it with
the spiritual emotion of gratitude. Let us now compare
electrical and ghee lamps.
•The ghee lamp symbolizes the spiritual emotion, ‘I will be
(spiritually) enlightened and (spiritually) enlighten others as
well’. The ghee lamp burns to spread light. One can pray for
kindling the light (spiritual yearning) within us and for the
ability to spread the light (Spirituality) to others.
Chanting of Aarati
A small plate (Tabak):
It represents the five-vital airs (panchpran) of our body. One
should have such spiritual emotion when performing aarti
that ‘I am waving around aarti for God with my five vital
airs.’
A metal lamp-dish (Niranjan):
The flame of ghee’s niranjan represents our ‘Atmajyot’
(internal light). The spiritual emotion one should have is
‘with my five vital airs this atmajyot is alive, and with such
flame I am waving around God.’ The five niches (mouths) in
a niranjan indicate the relationship between five vital airs
and atmajyot. Panchaarti is the one done with five vital airs.
Cotton wicks (Vaat/baati):
Cotton represents detachment. Such a wick is to connect the
five vital airs (pranvayu) with the inner light (atmajyot).
Chanting of Aarati
Chanting of Aarati
  The image above is a depiction of the science behind this ritual performed
with five lamps (five wicks in niranjan). When the ‘tabak’ is waved around in a
circular motion, the pure (sattvik) frequencies emitted from the flame of
niranjan spread out in a circular fashion. Hence, these sattvik frequencies
gradually convert to raja frequencies. These frequencies are like a ripple
effect in water. A subtle armor is created, which is known as ‘ripple armor’,
around the one who sings the aarti. The duration of this ripple armor is
proportionate to the spiritual emotion one has while singing the aarti (the
more is one’s spiritual emotion, the longer it stays). Hence, due to increase in
inner purity, one can absorb more divine frequencies in the Universe. As one’s
spiritual emotion increases, one will begin to see the reflection of the center
point (atmabindu) and will feel that the raja frequencies actually originate
from this center point.
Ayurvedic Care
                                  for
             General Pollutant Effect
Mental Function: Brahmi, Bacopa, Memoplus Syp., Brento Syp

Heart Function: Arjuna, Guggul, Bala,

Respiratory: Ginger, Holy Basil, Sitopaladi, Trikatu, Sardija Syp

Digestive: Hingvastak, Trikatu, Pancharishta

Colon Health: Triphala,
Ayurvedic Care
                                for
           General Pollutant Effect
Liver Function: Amalaki, Bhringaraj, Kutki, Livotrit

Kidney Function: Gokshura, Kidney Formula, K-4 Syp

Male Reproductive: Ashwagandha, Men's Support, Vigorex SF

Female Reproductive: Shatavari, Ashoka, Ovoutolin, Menosim

Himani Femiplus Syp.

Metabolic (weight): Zandu Draksharishta, Alpitone Syp.
Ayurvedic Care
                                     for
               General Pollutant Effect
Joints and Muscles: Guggul, Boswellia, Rhumayoga Tab, Rhumasyl liniment

Nervous System (stress): Ashwagandha, Brahmi, Zandopa,

Immune System: Guduchi, Septilin, keshari Jivan

Blood Sugar Management: Gymnema, Bitter Mellon, Tribangshila,

Blood Purifiers: Amalaki, Guduchi, Neem, Manjistha, Lalima Syp.
How Yagya Benefits Environment, Health and Society

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How Yagya Benefits Environment, Health and Society

  • 1. With the Blessings Of the The lord of Ayurveda…. Almighty … Shri Dhanvantari
  • 2. Scienviron – 2011 at IISWBM Campus, Kolkata on 25th November 2011
  • 3.
  • 4. Presented by Dr. Pawan Kumar Sharma M.D. (Ayu), MBA Associate Vice President (R&D) Dr. B. N. Bhatt, B.A.M.S., M.B.A., Manager ( InstL. sales & research) Mr. Samadur Rahman, B. Com., M.B.A., Project Officer Ms. Sibani Mukherjee M.A., Executive
  • 5. Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem
  • 6. Combination of abiotic factors & communities in an environment is called an ecosystem
  • 7. Life Levels and Organization
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  • 22. Dirt
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  • 26. Facts About Breathing • You breath about 26,000 times a day (16-18 breaths per minute) • That is about 150 full bathtubs of air • We breath in over a billion small particles a day (1,000,000,000) • The average house collects about 2 pounds of dust a week
  • 27. How does your body filter out the particles? Mucus Dried Mucus forms when mucus traps dirt in the nose
  • 28. Nasal Hair Nose hairs filter most of the dirt in the air.
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  • 32. Air Pollution Control • Gaseous • Absorption • Adsorption • Combustion • Particulates • Cyclone • Filter • Liquid scrubbing • Electrostatic precipitation (ESP)
  • 36. Control Technologies for Nitrogen Oxides • Preventive • Post combustion – minimizing operating – selective catalytic reduction temperature – selective non-catalytic – fuel switching reduction – low excess air – non-selective catalytic – flue gas recirculation reduction – lean combustion – staged combustion – low Nox burners – secondary combustion – water/steam injection
  • 37. Cyclone Installation at Wood Working Plant
  • 39. Air Filter • High removal efficiency for < 5 m particles
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  • 43. Abundance Peace Bliss Unity Wisdom Success Purity Charity Harmony Health
  • 44. Yagya? Process of refinement of subtle energy existing in the matter with the help of thermal energy and the Cosmic energy of Sound of the Mantras. Meaning Types 400 Yagnas defined in Shastras Seva Yagya, Prana Yagya, Gnana Yagya
  • 45. Historical Significance of Gayatri and Yagya INDIAN CULTURE Symbol of positive thoughts Symbol of noble deeds Righteous thoughts combined with righteous deeds leads to growth of human soul and world peace.
  • 46. Vedic Evolution • Atharveda: Sound therapy aspects of mantra for treatment of physical, psychological & emotional disorders. – “one who discards Yagya, loses all eminence and grace. Those who perform havan (Yagya) are blessed by the inculcation of divine glow in their hearts” (Atharv.6/15) • Samaveda: Process of offering through cosmic radiation of sound energy • Yajurveda: Scientific aspects of Yagna – Divinity leaves the person who discards Yagya,which is a manifestation of thee” (Yajur. 2/22) – The yagyagni enshowers good rains, prosperity and strength” (Yajur. 3/40). • Geeta: Reveals that all the karmas except the Yagya-karma are the causes of the thralldoms that bind the individual self in the endless cycle of life and death, attachments and sufferings. The karmas of Yagya, charity and tapa purify and illuminate the human life. • Mahabharta: Affirms that The essence of all religions is incorporated in Yagya There is no regulatory system like Yagya. All saintly men and women should adopt Yagya as a duty of human life
  • 47. Why Yagya? • Yagya is more than a mere ritual based on scientific laws of nature, it is a cyclic process which occurs in mother nature. • Yagya teaches us a way of life to promote wellbeing and happiness for everyone, combination of heat and sound energies sends positive vibrations into mother nature creating an aura of peace and wellbeing for all. • Teaches us Art of purification, Art of communication, Art of Surrender, Art of connecting to Divine power within, Art of Sacrifice, Art of breathing, Art of tapping into Pranic energy from universe, Art of divine guidance
  • 49. Subtle aspects •Importance of Yagya lies in the subtle power of offerings given in the sacrificial fire •Effect of energy of Mantras to activate the subtle energy of Shabda (cosmic sound). •All activities are performed with mantras even purification of substances. •Dr Hiroshi Motoyama has studied effects of Agnihotra (Yagya) on Cardiac Plexus (Anahat Chakra). The condition after yagya is found same as it would be after psychic or spiritual healing
  • 50. Social Aspect • Symbol of Unity & togetherness –for a common purpose which is welfare of whole universe • Promotes Social Networking irrespective of caste, creed, gender, nationality
  • 51. Scientific Aspect • Two basic energy – Heat (Fire) and Sound (Mantra) – The positive vibrations of Shabd are taken up in atmosphere spiral form by up bound heat radiations • Fumigating Substances Used in Yagya
  • 52. Fumigating Substances Healthy Sweet Medicinal Wood Odoriferous Constituents Substances Herbs Sandal Camphor Ghee Sugar Brahmi Mango Saffron Milk Honey Jatamansi Pipal Cardamom Fruits Jaggery Cloves Bargad Musk Cereals Dried Guggul Grapes
  • 53. Scientific Aspect…cont’d • Chemical & Physical Processes – Combustion & Vaporization of wood • Cellulose of wood – Steam Volatilization of odorous substances • 400 – 600 degrees Celsius – Combustion of fatty substances • Ghee helps in rapid combustion of cellulose – Photo-chemical Process • CO2 + H2O + 112,000 cal. = HCHO + O2 Formaldehyde
  • 54. Scientific Aspect…cont’d • Shape of Altar (Agnikund) – ‘Inverted Pyramid’ • Pyramid – Fire in the middle – Receive, Generate & Controlled Dissipation of Cosmic Energy Power of Mantras Gaayatri Mantra produces 1,08,000 vibrations/sec
  • 55. Benefits of Yagya Environmental • Removal of foul odors: Diffusion of substances like thymol, eugenol, pine, terpinol and oils of sandal-wood, camphor and clove. • Removal of bacteria: – Formaldehyde is antiseptic and has disinfectant property – Formic acid & Acetic acid are produced which are good disinfectants and used as preservatives. • Removal of insects: Volatile oils drives non bacterial insects like flies, ringworm, dice etc away or kills them. • Effects on Vegetation: – Agnihotra Farming methods – Ash as fertilizer • Role of CO2 produced – CO2 produced as slow combustion process helps vegetation – Stimulant for patients suffering from ventilation problems – Helps treating some of the Mental disorders
  • 56. Benefits of Yagya Healthcare - Yagnopathy • Pulmonary drug-administration by inhalation and infusion through skin pores through the process of yagya (agnihotra, homam). • Inhalation from nose (deep breathing), mouth (chanting vedic hymns) • Medicine in its gaseous form is easily dispersed and gains higher potency. – Drugs in the form of medicinal plans offered in fire along with specific vedic hymns (mantras) • Yagya therapy is a Preventive mechanism – No side effects – Encouraging results in the treatment of TB, Diabetes, Weak Eye Sight Neurological disorders, Drug addiction • Effective results in treatment of Respiratory, Mental & Psychosomatic disorders
  • 57. Case Studies Illness: Hodgkin Illness: HIV Positive Lymphom A 20 year old HIV positive The patient was given two patient after 60 days of months to live. He improved HOMA THERAPY within 45 days and didn't Treatment present any tumor after 2 plus medicinal plants months. became HIV negative.
  • 58. Case Studies Air Samples (mg/avg sample) • Dr Manoj Garg, Director, Environmental & Technical Consultants and UP Pollution Control Board during Ashwamedha Yagya in Gorakhpur (UP) • 20 mts from place of Yagya Bacteria Count in Water Samples •The increase in the level of Prana (vital energy) in the atmosphere when a Yagna is performed --- was also recorded with the help of Kirlian photographs of human hands before and after Yagna in the experiments conducted by Dr. Matthias Ferbinger of Germany.
  • 59. Case Studies Drugs & Alcohol Deaddiction Lt. Col. G.R. Golecha, a senior advisor in the psychiatry division of the Indian army initiated a poly drug abuser (25 yrs of age) into Agnihora and monitored the readings. There was improvement recorded in psychology in abstaining from the drugs. • Diabetes Cure Name of patient: Pandurang M. Patil Age: 72 yrs. Address: Sai Prabha, Mangvir Pakhadi Case: One year old diabetic.
  • 60. Case Studies Bhopal Gas Tragedy There were, however, two families ---Shri. Sohan Lal S Khushwaha and Shri. M.L. Rathore, which lived in the worst affected area, one mile away from the plant came out unscathed as they were regularly performing Agnihotra (Havan). In these families, none died. Nobody was even hospitalized despite of being present in the area worst hit by the toxic gas. This observation proves that Agnihotra is a powerful antidote to pollution.
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  • 65. AIDS Healed!! Scientist Warns of Banana's Demise by with HOMA Therapy 2013 These are copies of the documents provided by Dr M. Emile Frison, head of the International Jaime Montufar, MD who is the Director of the "HOMA Network for the Improvement of Banana MEDICAL CENTER - THE GOOD SHEPHERD" in and Plantain (INIBAP) based in Montpellier, Guayaquil, Ecuador. France, told New Scientist magazine that A 20 year old HIV positive patient became HIV Cavendish, the world's main export variety negative after 60 days treatment with HOMA THERAPY of banana, could face extinction by 2013. and medicinal plants. read more The banana, in various forms, is the staple diet for some half billion people in Asia and English translation of Dr Montufar's report Africa and Latin America. Satsang Magazine: The Amazon banana crop has been The magazine is an important vehicle for spreading the devastated by Black Sigatoka fungus, and message of 'Love Thy Neighbor' through Agnihotra and the banana is already extinct in Fivefold Path. It contains many stories from all over the Cuba. Farmers in the world of various people's experiences with Agnihotra and banana belt in India are now battling Yellow Homa Therapy. Sigatoka fungus. Videos: Some banana growers in the Peruvian Videos are available in Spanish and English translations. Amazon have turned to Homa Organic Material includes: Medical professionals' witness Farming in order to combat the fungus accounts of healings from such diseases as AIDS, problem. diabetes, asthma, etc. Farming results from Agriculture professionals after using Homa Therapy methods in Read about their documented success organic farming. stories
  • 66. Water Pollution Water Do (ppm) at 20˚C Quality Good 8-9 Slightly polluted 6.7-8 Moderately polluted 4.5-6.7 Heavily polluted Below 4.5 Gravely polluted Below 4 Pg. 535
  • 67. Water pollution • Bacteria,Viruses,Protozoa, Parasitic worms • Oxygen demanding substances • Inorganic plant nutrients • Organic chemicals • Sediment or suspended matter • Thermal pollution • Genetic pollution
  • 68. Biological Magnification Water 0.000002 ppm Herring gull 124 ppm Phytoplankton 0.0025 ppm Herring gull eggs 124 ppm Zooplankton Lake trout 0.123 ppm 4.83 ppm
  • 69. Point and Nonpoint Sources NONPOINT SOURCES Rural homes Urban streets Cropland Animal feedlot Suburban POINT development SOURCES Factory Wastewater treatment plant
  • 71. Case Study: India’s Ganges River: Religion, Poverty, and Health • Daily, more than 1 million Hindus in India bathe, drink from, or carry out religious ceremonies in the highly polluted Ganges River.
  • 72. Discharge of untreated Pollution of Lakes municipal sewage Nitrogen compounds (nitrates and phosphates) produced by cars and factories Natural runoff Discharge of (nitrates and detergents phosphates ( phosphates) Manure runoff From feedlots (nitrates and Phosphates, Discharge of treated ammonia) municipal sewage (primary and secondary treatment: nitrates and phosphates) Runoff from streets, lawns, and construction Lake ecosystem lots (nitrates and nutrient overload phosphates) and breakdown of chemical cycling Runoff and erosion Dissolving of (from from cultivation, nitrogen oxides mining, construction, Fig .22.7, p. 499 (from internal combustion and poor land use) engines and furnaces)
  • 73. Leaking tank Water table Groundwater flow Free gasoline Gasoline dissolves in leakage plume groundwater (liquid phase) (dissolved Migrating phase) vapor phase Contaminant plume moves Water well with the groundwater Fig. 20-12
  • 74. Groundwater Pollution: Causes Hazardous waste injection well Pesticides Coal strip De-icing Buried gasoline mine runoff road salt and solvent tank Pumping Cesspool well Gasoline septic tank station Waste lagoon Water pumping Sewer well Landfill Accidental Leakage from faulty spills casing Discharge Confined aquifer Groundwater flow
  • 75. Groundwater Pollution Prevention  Monitoring aquifers  Strictly regulating hazardous waste disposal  Storing hazardous materials above ground
  • 77. Industry Cities Urban sprawl Nitrogen oxides Toxic metals Bacteria and viruses Construction sites from autos and and oil from from Sediments are washed into smokestacks, streets and sewers and septic tanks waterways, choking fish and plants, toxic chemicals, parking lots contaminate shellfish clouding waters, and blocking and heavy metals in pollute waters; beds sunlight. effluents flow into bays and estuaries. Farms Runoff of pesticides, manure, and fertilizers adds toxins and excess nitrogen and phosphorus. Red tides Closed Excess nitrogen causes shellfish beds explosive growth of toxicmicroscopic algae, Closed poisoning fish and beach marine mammals. Oxygen-depleted zone Toxic sediments Chemicals and toxic metals contaminate shellfish beds, kill spawning fish, and accumulate in the tissues of bottom feeders. Oxygen-depleted zone Healthy zone Sedimentation and algae Clear, oxygen-rich overgrowth reduce sunlight, waters promote growth Fig. 20-15 kill beneficial sea grasses, use of plankton and sea grasses, up oxygen, and degrade habitat. and support fish.Fig. 21-10, p. 505
  • 78. Reducing Water Pollution through Sewage Treatment • Primary and Secondary sewage treatment. Figure 20-19
  • 79. Technological Approach: Using Wetlands to Treat Sewage ( Sewage Treated water Wetland type Wetland type plants plants 45 centimeter layer of limestone gravel coated with First concrete pool decomposing bacteria Second concrete pool (
  • 80. Drinking Water Quality Is Bottled Water the Answer? • Some bottled water is not as pure as tap water and costs much more. – 1.4 million metric tons of plastic bottles are thrown away. – Fossil fuels are used to make plastic bottles. • The oil used to produce plastic bottles in the U.S. each year would fuel 100,000 cars.
  • 81. What Can You Do? Water Pollution • Fertilize garden and yard plants with manure or compost instead of commercial inorganic fertilizer. • Minimize your use of pesticides. • Do not apply fertilizer or pesticides near a body of water. • Grow or buy organic foods. • Do not drink bottled water unless tests show that your tap water is contaminated. Merely refill and reuse plastic bottles with tap water. • Compost your food wastes. • Do not use water fresheners in toilets. • Do not flush unwanted medicines down the toilet. • Do not pour pesticides, paints, solvents, oil, antifreeze, or other products containing harmful chemicals down the drain or onto the ground.
  • 82. Environmentally Sound Technologies in the Urban Water Cycle storage & augmentation reuse,recycle supply & & disposal distribution use & saving
  • 83. Ponds and reservoirs Dams and reservoirs are a common approach to storage of river water. Big dams, however, do often cause big unsolved problems and therefore cannot be called environmentally sound. Small dams with careful consideration of ecological and social impacts can do better. In permanent rivers, under water beams are an option. In ‘wadis’ sand dams are a sound technology for the infiltration of river water to the groundwater.
  • 84. Artificial recharge of ground water Artificial recharge is appropriate for the augmentation of groundwater in aquifers. It may supplement the natural percolation. In seasonal climates Aquifer Storage and Recovery practices both the storage and the quality control that is essential to maintain the quality of groundwater resources. Recharging can take place from the surface or directly into sub surface layers.
  • 85. Rainwater harvesting ESTs Rainwater runoff from roofs is stored in tanks to be used inside buildings. Stormwater from streets and parks can be infiltrated or stored in ponds to provide water for trees, gardens and parks. Sand filters and constructed wetlands can be used for quality control.
  • 86. Storage of treated sewage Effluent from sewage treatment plants can be reused in surface waters as a source for urban water supply. Quality control is crucial. The use of effluent for recharging groundwater is possible. Soil Aquifer Treatment technology prevents pollution by pathogens, nutrients and other contaminants.
  • 87. [Sourcebook Chapter 4.3] Supply and distribution ESTs 1. Surface water abstraction 2. Groundwater abstraction 3. Water supply reservoirs (tanks) 4. Transfer of water 5. Single pipeline systems (one quality) 6. Dual pipeline systems (two qualities) 7. Water containers (bottles, tanks) 8. Centralised treatment systems 9. Point of use treatment systems
  • 88. Water pipe systems Water supply networks are advanced systems that require advanced maintenance regimes. Leakage, due to poor maintenance is a major problem. Often more than 50% of the piped water is lost. Capacity building and fund availability for maintenance are the first priorities. Lowering night time pressure and a system of metering and billing water use above a basic level may be helpful but are not a final solution.
  • 89. Dual ofqualitynetwork supply, is the use of drinking water A problem central piped systems quality for non drinking purposes. In dual networks service water quality has it’s own network. Wrong connections can be avoided by different colours for different pipes. Dual systems at the building level only, avoid city networks. Buildings should have a reliable technical department for maintenance and quality control. Rainwater or treated greywater can be used as service water. Sizable tanks can cope with fluctuations in demand and supply.
  • 90. Wells, tanks and bottles At the neighborhood level, improving the quality and increasing the number of traditional wells can be a good environmentally sound technology. In a situation of centrally collected drinking water from rivers or groundwater (boreholes), good quality water can be delivered by trucks to static tanks, from where people can take water home in bottles or small containers.
  • 91. Drinking water quality Health requires good quality drinking water. Centralized treatment systems can be improved and extended. If drinking water of reliable quality is not available, proper treatment at the user level is an option.
  • 92. Use and saving ESTs 1. Waterless toilets (compost- and dry-) 2. Water saving toilets 3. Water saving urinals 4. Waterless urinals 5. Water saving taps 6. Water saving showerheads 7. Pressure reducers 8. Water saving household appliances 9. Economised water use: personal hygiene 10. Economised water use: cleaning & watering
  • 93. Waterless toilets Waterless toilets need neither water nor sewers. They work on the basis of dehydration and composting. The resulting compost can be applied to the fields in urban agriculture. The right degree of humidity is crucial. They are often combined with urine separation. Vertical ventilation pipes guarantee odour free operation. Compost toilets require more space and need more maintenance. Simple dry toilets are easier to use and cheaper. They need to be emptied every week.
  • 94. Water saving in households Drinking, cleaning, bathing, washing, toilet flushing. Combined water saving appliances lead to 43% savings in liter per person per day.
  • 95. Water saving in green spaces Parks and gardens ask a lot of water, especially in dry climates. Savings may result from replacing piped water by rainwater or treated wastewater. The local government and NGOs can also give a good example demonstrating how attractive green spaces can be created with native species adapted to dry conditions.
  • 96. Rainwater quality and use Roof-top rainwater only needs minor treatment to make it safe for service water. For use as drinking water, filtration and disinfection is required. There should be no debris in the tanks and no light. Quality control is a must.
  • 97. Rainwater quality and use Run-off rainwater from streets and open spaces can be treated in wetland systems. Separating rainwater from the sewers greatly improves the city treatment plant’s performance.
  • 98. Grey & black water treatment Household based decentralised ESTs deserve more attention. They create conditions for reuse at the domestic level and save costs for sewage systems.
  • 99. Grey & black water treatment Example for on-site sewage treatment Small scale aerobic (>compost) or anaerobic technology (>methane + slurry) are feasible. These innovative ESTs require careful and skilful guidance. For example joint projects of users with researchers and practitioners in a learning by doing context.
  • 100. Constructed wetlands Stabilisation ponds and constructed wetlands are a low-cost alternative for the treatment of domestic wastewater. They provide water for irrigation in urban agriculture and for watering green spaces. Detention and retention ponds, lined up with reeds and other wetland plants, perform well in purifying run-off rainwater from quite streets. More polluted water requires constructed wetlands designed for horizontal or vertical flow, filtering, adsorption and uptake of nutrients. Good design and maintenance are vital.
  • 101. Advanced primary treatment Increasingly strict standards, derived from the situation in developed countries have made it almost impossible to reuse effluent and sewage sludge in peri-urban agriculture. In developing countries effluent (from domestic wastewater treatment) usually contains less heavy metals and other toxic substances and more pathogens. Advanced Primary Treatment (APT) is a new technology that combines primary (mechanical) treatment with filtration and disinfection. This opens healthy and water efficient perspectives.
  • 102. Water Pollution Control in ancient era
  • 103. Ancient civilizations went to great lengths to produce clear, purified water. • The practice of water purification has a long history involving many cultures and civilizations. The importance of purified water is noted in ancient scriptures and centuries-old paintings. • Although modern technology has advanced the processing of water that's fit to drink, many of the methods used by ancient civilizations, such as heating and filtration, are still used today.
  • 104. Alum in Water Ancient Sanskrit writings, known as "Sus'ruta Samhita," which date back to approximately 2000 B.C., reveal a traditional recipe using alum that was used to purify water. In the recipe, a lump of earth (alum) was mixed with local Indian herbs, with names such as nirmali, phana, mustaka, ela, ushira and chandana, and baked well in a fire. The resulting material was then dropped into water to purify it.
  • 105. Copper Vessels and Charcoal In 1905, Francis Evelyn Place, who studied Sanskrit medical lore, noted a water purification method found in “Sushruta Samhita," -- a text dating to about 2000 B.C. According to the text, water was purified by putting it into copper vessels, exposing it to sunlight and then filtering it using charcoal.
  • 106. Clarifying Devices Water treatment devices, including one seen in a painting dating back to the 15th century B.C., have been found in ancient Egyptian artwork. This particular clarifying device was depicted as being in the tomb of Amenophis II at Thebes. The device worked by allowing water impurities to settle at the bottom of the device, with clarified fluid at the top siphoned off and stored for later use
  • 107. Hippocrates' Sleeve Hippocrates, well known as the Father of Medicine, conducted experiments on water purification in ancient Greece. A filter, later known as the "Hippocrates Sleeve," was used to purify water after it was boiled. According to Hippocrates, the cloth trapped any sediment in the water that caused a bad taste or smell.
  • 108. Ayurveda - purification of drinking water 1. Filtration through thick cloth. 2. Boiling: This is described as there stages: a. If the water is hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to half of original quantity. b. If moderately hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to two-thirds of original quantity. c. If slightly hard for digestion it should be boiled and reduced to three-fourths of original quantity. Water boiled in the above standards will become easy for digestion and good for health. 3. Making it clear with the addition of some herbs: The addition of tubers of lotus plant, pearls, seeds of kataka (Strychnos potatorum), gomedhaka (Dolomite stone) 4. Removing its unpleasant odour by adding into it some fragrant flowers like patala (Steriospermum colais), karavira (Nerium indicum),etc.
  • 109. AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERs: PANCHAKOLA JALA Digestive, carminative, appetiser, anti-rheumatic, anti-pyretic. PANCHAKOLA KULATHA PANEEYA Recommended in obesity and hypothyroidism. It also has the properties of Panchakola Jala as mentioned above. JEERAKA JALA Digestive, carminative, coolant, anti-spasmodic
  • 110. AYURVEDIYA (herbal) WATERs DHANYAKA JALA Digestive, carminative, coolant, anti-spasmodic SHUNTI JALA Digestive, carminative, appetiser, anti-rheumatic, anti-pyretic, helps in. KHADHIRA JALA Blood purifier, improves voice, good in throat ailments. YAVA JALA Diuretic, recommended in urinary calculi, obesity. SHADANGAPANEEYA Coolant, blood purifier, anti-pyretic.
  • 111.
  • 112. Noise? • Noise is created when an object vibrates • Air is compressed and expanded forming waves • These varying pressure waves travel outward from source in all directions • Noise waves have frequency and amplitude • Frequency is measure of waves/sec • Amplitude is the height of wave from trough • Excessive noise can be damaging
  • 113. Sources of Noise Pollution Outside Construction Road traffic Airports Factories Inside Phones TVs / Radios Appliances Power tools / lawnmower Main source is due to increasing population and urbanization
  • 114. Effects on Humans: Hearing Actually hear with our brains, not our ears Hair cells send impulses to brain Hair cells are extremely delicate Damage to hair cells can result in hearing loss Threshold shift-several hours Trauma-permanent Noise induced-gradually become permanent
  • 116. Effects on Humans: Health Disturbance Sleep-effect performance Workplace-lack of productivity Cause Stress Blood pressure / heart rate rise May cause cardiovascular diseases Due to both high and low levels of noise linked to excessive use of alcohol, drugs, food Have also been linked to immune depression and problems with fetus development
  • 117. Effects on Humans: Psychological
  • 118. Effects on Wildlife Damage to Hearing Can reduce chances of survival Kangaroo rat Physiological Response Hormone imbalance Chronic stress Responses Result in: Decrease in food intake Loss of energy Abandonment of offspring Injury
  • 119. Effects on Marine Life Marine Mammals use echolocation Sonar Explosive testing Whales and dolphins Deaths occurring Bends? Beaching themselves
  • 120. Ways to Reduce and Protect from Noise Pollution Mask/mask the noise Vitamins Wear ear plugs Use one appliance at a time Turn down TV?s and radios No loud toys Keep Car running properly
  • 121. Care for Noise Pollution In Veda Shaashtra
  • 122. Chanting of
  • 123. Chanting of • OM or AUM is the most important and significant word of Mantra tradition. It is considered as the root mantra of all mantra. In a majority of Mantra, you will find OM. • OM is the most often chanted sound among all the sacred sounds on earth. This sound is considered as the sound of the existence. • it is believed that the whole universe, in its fundamental form, is made up of vibrating, pulsating energy. Om is considered as the humming sound of this cosmic energy.
  • 124. Chanting of • OM is said to be the original primordial creative sound from which the entire universe have manifested. It is also known as the 'Anahat Nada', the "Unstruck Sound". This means the sound that is not made by two things striking together. • If you observe the nature of sound you'll find that all ordinary audible sound are produced by the striking of two objects : bow and strings, drum and stick, two vocal cords, waves against the shore, winds against the leaves, bat against the ball, tyers against the road etc. In short all sounds within our range of listening are produces by things visible or invisible, striking each other or vibrating together, resulting in pulsating waves of air molecules which we interprets as sound.
  • 125. Chanting of Aarati
  • 126. Chanting of Aarati •Today in this scientific age one might ridicule lighting of lamps as one can have the wonderful benefits of electricity. We must remember that our ancestors have attributed great importance to this after in-depth study. They also did it with the spiritual emotion of gratitude. Let us now compare electrical and ghee lamps. •The ghee lamp symbolizes the spiritual emotion, ‘I will be (spiritually) enlightened and (spiritually) enlighten others as well’. The ghee lamp burns to spread light. One can pray for kindling the light (spiritual yearning) within us and for the ability to spread the light (Spirituality) to others.
  • 127. Chanting of Aarati A small plate (Tabak): It represents the five-vital airs (panchpran) of our body. One should have such spiritual emotion when performing aarti that ‘I am waving around aarti for God with my five vital airs.’ A metal lamp-dish (Niranjan): The flame of ghee’s niranjan represents our ‘Atmajyot’ (internal light). The spiritual emotion one should have is ‘with my five vital airs this atmajyot is alive, and with such flame I am waving around God.’ The five niches (mouths) in a niranjan indicate the relationship between five vital airs and atmajyot. Panchaarti is the one done with five vital airs. Cotton wicks (Vaat/baati): Cotton represents detachment. Such a wick is to connect the five vital airs (pranvayu) with the inner light (atmajyot).
  • 129. Chanting of Aarati The image above is a depiction of the science behind this ritual performed with five lamps (five wicks in niranjan). When the ‘tabak’ is waved around in a circular motion, the pure (sattvik) frequencies emitted from the flame of niranjan spread out in a circular fashion. Hence, these sattvik frequencies gradually convert to raja frequencies. These frequencies are like a ripple effect in water. A subtle armor is created, which is known as ‘ripple armor’, around the one who sings the aarti. The duration of this ripple armor is proportionate to the spiritual emotion one has while singing the aarti (the more is one’s spiritual emotion, the longer it stays). Hence, due to increase in inner purity, one can absorb more divine frequencies in the Universe. As one’s spiritual emotion increases, one will begin to see the reflection of the center point (atmabindu) and will feel that the raja frequencies actually originate from this center point.
  • 130. Ayurvedic Care for General Pollutant Effect Mental Function: Brahmi, Bacopa, Memoplus Syp., Brento Syp Heart Function: Arjuna, Guggul, Bala, Respiratory: Ginger, Holy Basil, Sitopaladi, Trikatu, Sardija Syp Digestive: Hingvastak, Trikatu, Pancharishta Colon Health: Triphala,
  • 131. Ayurvedic Care for General Pollutant Effect Liver Function: Amalaki, Bhringaraj, Kutki, Livotrit Kidney Function: Gokshura, Kidney Formula, K-4 Syp Male Reproductive: Ashwagandha, Men's Support, Vigorex SF Female Reproductive: Shatavari, Ashoka, Ovoutolin, Menosim Himani Femiplus Syp. Metabolic (weight): Zandu Draksharishta, Alpitone Syp.
  • 132. Ayurvedic Care for General Pollutant Effect Joints and Muscles: Guggul, Boswellia, Rhumayoga Tab, Rhumasyl liniment Nervous System (stress): Ashwagandha, Brahmi, Zandopa, Immune System: Guduchi, Septilin, keshari Jivan Blood Sugar Management: Gymnema, Bitter Mellon, Tribangshila, Blood Purifiers: Amalaki, Guduchi, Neem, Manjistha, Lalima Syp.