1. Done by: Dr. Mohamad Ghazi Kassem 2. What is Nanotechnology An engineered DNA strandtiny motor pRNA Semiconducting metal junction formed by two carbon nanotubes Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and systems, through the understanding and control of matter at dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new functionalities and properties of matter are observed and harnessed for a broad range of applications. 3. What is Nanoscale Fullerenes C60 22 cm 12,756 Km 1.27 × 107 m 0.22 m 10 millions times smaller 0.7 nm 0.7 × 10-9 m 1 billion times smaller 4. What Are Gold Nanoparticles? • Gold nanoparticles (‘nanogold’) occur as clusters of gold atoms up to 100nm in diameter. Gold nanoparticle • Nanogold has unusual visible properties because the particles are small enough to scatter visible light. - in contrast, mass gold reflects light. 5nm gold clusters 5. • Gold nanoparticles appear yellow to deep red to in solution. - colour depends on size of nanoparticles • The distance between particles also affects colour - surface plasmon resonance is the term used by nanotechnologists to describe this effect. 6. Why Gold Nanoparticles Cancer is a difficult disease to treat, contain, and identify. There are many different ways for treating cancer such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and many others. These methods are effective if the cancer tumor is caught soon enough. However, these treatments are not effective enough because they do not only target the affected cells, they also affect healthy cells. But • Gold Nanoparticles are non toxic • With Gold Nanoparticles we can detecting cancer cells and even destroy them without affect healthy cells. 7. Mostafa A. El-Sayed Julius Brown Chair and Regents Professor; Director, Laser Dynamics Laboratory “Gold nanoparticles are very good at scattering and absorbing light,” said Mostafa El-Sayed, director of the Laser Dyanamics Laboratory and chemistry professor at Georgia Tech. “We wanted to see if we could harness that scattering property in a living cell to make cancer detection easier. So far, the results are extremely promising.” 8. Gold Nanoparticle Tumor Detection The common strategy to detect the tumor is the functionalization of the nanoparticle with an antibody specific to the tumor antigens, and then detect the nanoparticle by some spectroscopic technique B. Tumor photograph Imaging with gold nanoparticles as contrast agent 9. Many cancer cells have a protein, known as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EFGR), all over their surface, while healthy cells typically do not express the protein as strongly. By conjugating, or binding, the gold nanoparticles to an antibody for EFGR, suitably named antiEFGR, researchers were able to get the nanoparticles to attach themselves to the cancer cells. Electrostatically + + + + - - - + + + - + -+ - - + + + + Covalently S S S S S S S S 10. Gold Nanoparticles Nanoshells

1. Done by: Dr. Mohamad Ghazi Kassem

2. What is Nanotechnology
An engineered DNA strandtiny motor
pRNA
Semiconducting metal
junction formed by
two carbon nanotubes
Nanotechnology is the creation of functional materials, devices and
systems, through the understanding and control of matter at
dimensions in the nanometer scale length (1-100 nm), where new
functionalities and
properties of matter are observed and
harnessed for a broad range of applications.

3. What is Nanoscale
Fullerenes C60
22 cm
12,756 Km
1.27 × 107 m
0.22 m
10 millions times
smaller
0.7 nm
0.7 × 10-9 m
1 billion times
smaller

4. What Are Gold Nanoparticles?
• Gold nanoparticles (‘nanogold’) occur as
clusters of gold atoms up to 100nm in
diameter.
Gold nanoparticle
• Nanogold has unusual visible properties
because the particles are small enough
to scatter visible light.
- in contrast, mass gold reflects light.
5nm gold clusters

5. •
Gold nanoparticles appear yellow to deep red to in solution.
- colour depends on size of nanoparticles
•
The distance between particles also affects colour
- surface plasmon resonance is the term used by
nanotechnologists to describe this effect.

7. Why Gold Nanoparticles
Cancer is a difficult disease to treat, contain, and identify.
There are many different ways for treating cancer such as surgery,
chemotherapy, radiation and many others. These methods are
effective if the cancer tumor is caught soon enough. However, these
treatments are not effective enough because they do not only target
the affected cells, they also affect healthy cells.
But
• Gold Nanoparticles are non toxic
• With Gold Nanoparticles we can detecting cancer
cells and even destroy them without affect healthy
cells.

8. Mostafa A. El-Sayed
Julius Brown Chair and Regents Professor;
Director, Laser Dynamics Laboratory
“Gold nanoparticles are very good at scattering and
absorbing light,” said Mostafa El-Sayed, director of the
Laser Dyanamics Laboratory and chemistry professor at
Georgia Tech. “We wanted to see if we could harness that
scattering property in a living cell to make cancer
detection easier. So far, the results are extremely
promising.”

9. Gold Nanoparticle Tumor Detection
The common strategy to detect the tumor is the functionalization
of the nanoparticle with an antibody specific to the tumor
antigens, and then detect the nanoparticle by some spectroscopic
technique
B.
Tumor photograph
Imaging with gold nanoparticles
as contrast agent

10. Many cancer cells have a protein, known as Epidermal Growth Factor
Receptor (EFGR), all over their surface, while healthy cells typically
do not express the protein as strongly. By conjugating, or binding, the
gold nanoparticles to an antibody for EFGR, suitably named antiEFGR, researchers were able to get the nanoparticles to attach
themselves to the cancer cells.
Electrostatically
+ + +
+ - - - +
+ + - +
-+
- - + +
+ +
Covalently
S
S
S
S
S
S
S
S

11. Gold
Nanoparticles
Nanoshells

12. “If you add this conjugated nanoparticle solution to healthy cells and
cancerous cells and you look at the image, you can tell with a simple
microscope that the whole cancer cell is shining,” said El-
Sayed. “The healthy cell doesn’t bind to the nanoparticles
specifically, so you don’t see where the cells are. With this technique,
if you see a well defined cell glowing, that’s cancer.”

15. The heated nanoparticles.
Chemical therapy carried by nanoparticles.

16. Gold is a very good
heat-conductor,
so cells of cancer
become hot much
faster then healthy
cells. Thereby,
malignant tumor is
destroyed.

17. Gold nanoparticles are able to be heated up by radio
frequency (RF).
The heated nanoparticles would in turn heat the cancer
cell up which would destroy the cancer cell. These radio
waves would not harm healthy cells. Infrared light waves
can be used in place of radio waves to heat up the cancer
cells for destruction.

18. Nanoparticles carrying chemical therapy show great promise in
treating cancer patients. One type of chemical that the nanoparticles
can carry is docetaxel which is currently used in treating cancer.
The outside of these nanoparticles are coated with proteins that link
directly to the cancer cells (antibody for EFGR) . The nanoparticles
also contain polyethylene glycol molecules that help stop the internal
defenses of a tumor cell. Although docetaxel is one type of chemical
used, there are many more that can be used.

20. 1. Frens, G. Controlled nucleation for the regulation of the particle size in
monodisperse gold suspensions. Nat. Phys. Sci., 241: 20–22, 1973.
2. NCI Web site: http://cancer.gov/cancertopics/understandingcancer
3. http://www.chemistry.gatech.edu/faculty/El-Sayed/
4. http://www.appropedia.org/Nanoparticles_for_cancer_detection_and_dest
ruction
5. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/05/050509171246.htm
6. http://www.physorg.com/news4023.html
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