Parotid salivary gland, structure and finction

2. Stomodeum
Buccopharyngeal
membrane
Proctodeum
Cloacal
membrane
Fore-gut
Mid-gut
Hind-gut
Pre-Laryngeal
(Cephalic part)
Post-Laryngeal
(Caudal part)
GUT TUBE
Pharynx and
Part of definitive
Mouth cavity
Skin ectoderm
Parotid gland
4th
week of IUL
Ectodermal
furrow

3. The salivary glands arise as buds from
The epithelial lining of the mouth; the
parotid appears during the fourth week
In the angle between the maxillary
process and the mandibular arch
Opening of parotid duct indicates
position of angle of primitive mouth

4. Sternomastoid
Ramus of mandible
Parotid region
Ext. acoustic
meatus

5. Salivary Glands :
3 paired – Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual
Scattered
- Tongue
Palate
Cheeks
Lips
Function :
Chewing
Swallowing
Saliva (Digestion
by Enzymes)
Serous & Mucinous

6. Parotid gland:
Largest saliv. Gland
Wt. 15 gms
Serous secretion
Capsule – True – condensation of fibrous stroma of gland
False - investing deep fascia
Superficial thick – adherent to gland
Deep – thin – attached to styloid process
forms – stylomandibular Lig.
(separates parotid from
submandibular sal. gland.

7. Parotid – 3 sided pyramid
Apex
Superior
surface
(Base)
Superficial
surface
Antero-m
edial
surface
Postero-m
edial
surface
Anterior border
Posterior border
Medial border

8. Presenting parts
01. Apex
02. Base
03. Superficial (lateral) surface
04. Antero-medial surface
05. Postero-medial surface

9. 1. Apex
Overlaps post. Belly of digastric
appears in carotid triangle
Structures passing thro’
01. Cervical branch of facial nerve
02. Ant. division of retro-mandibular vein
03. Formation of ext. jug. vein

10. 2. Base
Concave related to;
Ext. acoustic meatus
Post. Part of TM joint
Structures passing thro’
01. Temp. br. Of facial nerve
02. Sup. Temp. vessels
03. Auriculo-temp. nerve

11. 3. Antero-medial surface
Deeply grooved by ramus of mandible;
Relations:
01. Post. Inf. Part of masseter
02. Post. Border of ramus of mandible
03. Med. Pterygoid muscle insertion
04. Outer lip – branches of facial nerve
05. Inner lip - Maxillary art. Medial to
neck of mandible
01
03
02
05
05

12. 3. Postero - medial surface
Extensive
Relations:
• Mastoid process with Sternomastoid
Post. Belly of digastric
02. Styloid process with muscles
03. Transverse process of atlas and
Rectus capitis lateralis
04. Deep to styloid – Int. carotid
- Int. Jug. Vein
in between
9, 10, 11, 12 cr. nerves
05. Facial nerve after emerging from
SM foramen pierces the gland
06. Ext. carotid first lodges in groove then
pierces the gland

13. 1. Anterior border
From above downwards:
01. Zygomatic br. of facial nerve
02. Transverse facial vessels
03. Upper buccal br. of facial nerve
04. Acc. Parotid gland
& duct if present
05. Parotid duct
06. Lower buccal br. of
facial nerve
07. Marginal mandibular br.
of facial nerve
2. Posterior border
Rests on masseter
01. Post. Auricular br of facial nerve
02. Post. Auricular vessels

14. Parotid duct (stensen’s duct)
5 cms long,
starts at mid point of ant. Border
Runs on masseter,
opens opp. crown of upper 2nd
Molar
Sup: Upper buccal br. of facial,
Transverse facial vessels.
Inf: Lower buccal br. of facial
Pierces:1.Buccal pad of fat,
2. Buccopharyngeal fascia
3. Buccinator

16. Parotid duct
Surface marking

17. Branching of facial nerve
(Radiate like goose’s foot – Pes anserinus)
Emerges from SM foramen
Pierces post. Medial surface
Lies superficial to Retromeandibualr vein &
Ext. carotid art.
Divides into 1. Temporo faicial trunk - Temporal
Zygomatic
2. Cervico facial trunk - Buccal
Marginal mandibular
Cervical

18. Processes of the parotid gland:
01. Facial process - Superficial to masseter along parotid duct
02. Acc. Parotid gland and duct if present
03. Pterygoid process – Bet’ mandibular ramus and ptrygoid muscle
04. Glenoid process - Bet. Ext meatus and capsule of TM joint
05. Pre and post styloid processes
in front related to int. carotid
behind related to int. Jug. Vein

19. Structures passing through parotid
1. Facial nerve
2. Retromandibular vein
3. External carotid

20. Blood supply
Arterial – branches of ext. carotid
Veins - to ext. jugular vein
Nerve supply – Secretomotor from both Parasympathetic – Serous
Inf. Salivatory nucleus - medulla
(auriculo temporal)
Sympathetic - Mucinous
Sup. Cerv. ganglion
(Ext. carotid art.)
Vasomotor

21. Applied anatomy
Parotitis – ext capsule adherent – more painful
Parotid abscess – horizontal incision
Mixed parotid tumor – facial nerve not involved
Frey’s syndrome – Penetrating wounds
secretomotor fibres of auriculotemporal
join with
great auricular
perspiration of skin covering parotid during
eating