6. Rule 1
• Most nouns
form the plural
by adding s to
the singular
noun.
• Lecture – lectures
• Book – books
• Tree – trees
• Thing – things
• Board - boards
7. Rule 2
• Nouns ending in
y preceded by a
consonant form
the plural by
changing y to i
and adding es.
• Lily – lilies
• Lady – ladies
• Baby – babies
• Fairy – fairies
• Berry - berries
8. Rule 3
• Nouns ending in
s, x, z, ch and sh
form the plural
by adding es.
• Box – boxes
• Church – churches
• Buzz – buzzes
• Bus – buses
• Match - matches
9. Rule 4
• Nouns ending in
o preceded by a
consonant
generally form
the plural by es
to the singular.
• Tomato –
tomatoes
• Potato – potatoes
10. Rule 5
• Some nouns
form the plural
by changing f or
fe to ves.
• Calf – calves
• Half – halves
• Knife – knives
• Wife – wives
• Loaf - loaves
11. Rule 6
• A few nouns
have the same
form in the
singular and
plural.
• Deer – deer
• Swine – swine
• Apparatus –
apparatus
• Nose – nose
• Chinese - Chinese
12. Rule 7
• A few nouns
form the plural
by changing the
word.
• Tooth – teeth
• Mouse – mice
• Child – children
• Man – men
• Foot - feet
13. Rule 8
• Compound
nouns form the
plural by adding
s to the
important word.
• Father-in-law –
fathers-in-law
• Passer-by –
passers-by
• Editor-in-chief –
editors-in-chief
14. Rule 9
• Common nouns
in ful form the
plural by adding
s.
• Cupful – cupfuls
• Spoonful –
spoonfuls
15. Rule 10
• The plural of
numbers and
letters is formed
by adding ‘s to
the singular.
• 6 – 6’s
• T – T’s
• 1 – 1’s
• S – S’s
• 23 – 23’s
18. Rule 1:
Nominative• A noun is in the
nominative case
when it is the
subject of the
verb.
• Ed caught a large
fish.
• Beth and Annie
collect stamps.
• James is the eldest
in the four
children.
19. Rule 2:
Nominative
• A predicate
nominative
comes after a
linking verb.
• The girl was my
sister.
• The tennis players
are Ray and
Harold.
• The figure in white
was Mila.
20. Rule 1: Objective
• A noun is in
the objective
case when it
is used as a
direct object
of a verb.
• She threw the ball
to her father.
• We bought
flowers for the
altar.
• He gave ice cream
to the child.
21. Rule 2:
Objective• A noun is in
the objective
case when it
is used as
objects of the
preposition.
• We travelled
through
Mindanao.
• The gift came from
the teacher.
• The children went
with Mary and
Anne.
22. Rule 3:
Objective
• A noun is in
the objective
case when it is
used as an
indirect object
of the verb.
• Father bought my
brother a new car.
• The teacher gave
the students
another chance.
• The hostess invited
Peter to the party.
23. Rule 4:
Objective
• A noun is in
the objective
case when it
is used as a
subject of an
infinitive.
• Donna asked
Miguel to teach
her the new dance
steps.
• Ella requested
Mary to sing.
24. Rule 5:
Objective
• A noun is in
the objective
case when it
is used as an
object of an
infinitive.
• Donna asked
Miguel to teach
Liza the new
dance steps.
• Ella requested
Mary to sing
songs.
25. Rule 6:
Objective
• A noun is in
the objective
case when it
is used as an
objective
complement.
• They called my
baby Gab.
• The priest
baptized him
Gabriel Yvann.
26. Rule 7:
Objective• A noun is in
the objective
case when it is
used as a
retained
object after a
passive verb.
• Henry was given the
prize.
• Dogs were fed meat
after the party.
• The girls were given
invitations last
week.
27. Rule 1:
Possessive
• Form the
possessive
case of
singular
nouns by
adding ‘s.
• Charles –
Charles’ car
• Boy – boy’s
pants
• Bird – bird’s nest
28. Rule 2:
Possessive• When two
nouns indicate
joint
ownership, the
sign of
possession is
placed after the
second noun.
• Mickey and
Minnie’s show
• Pedro and
Juan’s room
• Elsa and Kiko’s
store
29. Rule 3:
Possessive• When two
nouns indicate
separate
ownership,
add the sign of
possession to
both nouns.
• Remy’s and
Pat’s bags
• Bien’s and
Dwayne’s toys
• Mikko’s and
Yuri’s grades
30. Rule 4:
Possessive• Compound
nouns form
the possessive
case by adding
apostrophe s
(‘s) to the last
word.
• Mother-in-
law’s dish
• Secretary-
general’s wife
• Editor-in-
chief’s article