1. PREVENTION & CONTROL
OF OCCUPATIONAL
DISEASES
PRESENTED BY: Dr. OSAMA ZEINALABIDIN

2. Measures of Health Protection of workers
• Medical:
– Pre-employment medical examination
– Periodic medical examination
– Early diagnosis, treatment and ref. system
• Engineering (designing of the buildings,
substitution, isolation ….)
• Personal protective measures (masks …)
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3. Control of occupational cancers
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Control/elimination of industrial carcinogens
Medical examination
Notification
Licensing of establishments
Personal Hygiene
Research
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4. Preventive measures of Lead Poisoning
•
•
•
•
•
•
Substitution
Isolation
Local exhaust ventilation
Personal protection, hygiene, health education
Good housekeeping
Working atmosphere (should not exceed 2.0 -10 mg per
10 cu meters of air
• Periodic medical examination
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7. 1. Medical
• Health Education
• Pre-placement examinations
• Supervision of working environment
• Mechanization
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8. 2. Engineering
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
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Good housekeeping
Design of building
Mechanization
Substitution
Control of dust
Isolation
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9. Personal Measures
• Masks
• Safety shoes
• Aprons, Overalls
• Screens & safety glasses
• Earplugs, Earmuffs
• Helmets
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11. – Early Diagnosis and treatment
– Notification and recording
– Periodic medical examinations
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13. 1. Medical
2. Occupational
3. Psychosocial
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14. Preventing Occupational Disease
I. Measures Applied to the Process or Workplace
A. Substitution of a Non hazardous Substance for Hazardous
One
B. Installation of Engineering Controls and Devices
C. Job Re-design , Work Organization Changes and Work
Practice Alternatives

15. II. Measures Primarily Directed Toward Worker
1. Education and Advice
2. Personal Protective Equipment
3. Organizational Measures

16. To prevent occupational disease
effectively, health professionals must
know how to anticipate and recognize
conditions in those who present with
symptoms and those who are
presymptomatic.

17. THE THREE LEVELS OF PREVENTION
Primary
Prevention
Is designed to deter or avoid the
occurrence of disease or injury
Secondary
Prevention
Is designed to identify and adequately treat
a disease or injury process as soon as
possible, often before any symptoms have
developed
Tertiary
Prevention
Is designed to treat a disorder when it has
advanced beyond its early stages, to avoid
complications & limit disability, to address
rehabilitative and palliative needs

18. PRIMARY PREVENTION
Aim:
reducing the risk of disease or hazard by reducing
the magnitude of exposure to hazardous substances
i.e. exposure dose reduce
reduce adverse health consequences

19. PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL
DISEASE
Primary Prevention
Control of new hazards
Secondary Prevention
Screening
Control of known hazards
Environmental monitoring
Biological monitoring
Identification of vulnerable
Periodic medical examination
workers (pre employment medical
examination)
Substitution
Engineering controls to minimise
exposure
Personal Protective Devices

20. PREVENTION OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE
• Tertiary prevention aims to minimize the
consequences in persons who already have
disease
• The goal is to limit symptoms or discomfort,
minimize injury to the body and maximize
functional capacity

21. 1-ENGINEERING CONTROLS:
• Eliminating toxic chemicals.
• Substitution of hazardous substance with a safer
one.
• Enclosure of work processes or confining work
operations.
• Special ventilation of equipment
or
special
ventilation of processes that liberate hazards.

22. 2-USE OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENTS (PPE) :
- gloves, safety goggles ,helmets ,safety shoes, protective
clothing and respirators.
- To be effective ,PPE must be
- Individual selected
- Properly fitted
- Periodically refitted
- Properly worn and conscientiously
- Regularly maintained and replaced as necessary .

23. 3- ROTATION OF WORKERS
4- PROHIBITING: Eating, Drinking,
Smoking, Chewing Tobacco, Or Gum
And Applying Cosmetics In Regular
Areas.

24. SECONDARY PREVENTION
Aim :
• Early identification of
more favorable out come
health
problems
• Accomplished by identifying health problems
before they become clinically apparent
i.e. before workers report feeling ill

25. II) Hygienic prevention
1-Use of personal protective equipments (PPE)
2-Rotation of workers
3-Prohibiting
eating,
drinking,
smoking,
chewing tobacco, or gum and applying
cosmetics in regular areas.
4-Labor legislation as: work and rest hours,
setting rules for employment women and
children and investigation for detection of the
cause of workers’ absenteeism.

26. How to be done ?
By Occupational disease surveillance (periodic
medical examination) e.g.
 measurement of blood lead level in workers
exposed to lead.
 An of blood lead level
failure of 1ry
prevention
 corrective action =2ry prevention
i.e. improve 1ry prevention

27. PERIODIC MEDICAL EXAMINATION (PME)
By which occupational disease can be identified in its
latent stage (very early) where intervention (early
treatment) can slow, stop or reverse the
progression of the abnormal physiologic condition(
pathology ).
Items of PME :
 Questionnaire
 Physical examination
 Biological monitoring (Lab . Evaluation) as chest xray, pulmonary function tests, audiogram, blood,
urine, exhaled air

28. TERTIARY PREVENTION
Aim:
 Limitation of symptoms and discomfort
 Minimize injury to the body
 Maximize function to the body
e.g:
ttt of lead poisoning