The cardiac cycle

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The cardiac cycle Describing the sequence of events in one heart beat

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Atrial systole ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ventricular systole ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ventricular systole ,[object Object],[object Object]

Diastole ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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atrio-ventricular valves open

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CARDIAC CYCLE, ECG AND HEART SOUNDS: BY Wincy Thirumurugan.. “Cardiac cycle refers to the series of events that take place when the heart beats.” Each cycle is initiated by spontaneous contraction in the SA node and then transmit through the A-V bundle and branches into the ventricles results completion of one cycle. EVENTS OR PHASES OF CARDIAC CYCLE: Diastolic phase (Diastole) in this phase the heart chamber are in the state of relaxation and fills with blood that receives from the veins [IVC, SVC,PULMONARY VEINS] Systolic phase (Systole) in this the heart chambers are contracting and pumps the blood towards the periphery via the arteries. [ Pulmonary artery and aorta] PHASES OF THE CARDIAC CYCLE The different phases of the cardiac cycle involve: Atrial diastole - Atrial relaxation Atrial systole -Atrial contraction Isovolumic relaxation -ventricular relaxation in the early phase but blood will not move and the Atrio ventricular valves will be closed Ventricular filling - ventricular relaxation, the Atrio ventricular valves will be open allows filling blood in the ventricles Isovolumic contraction of ventricle – ventricular systole in the early phase but no movement of the blood. The semilunar valves will be closed. Ventricular ejection -ventricular contraction and send blood out of the ventricles through opened semilunar valves. 6. Ventricular Filling Stage: second phase. Rapid Filling, Slow Filling & Last Rapid Filling Duration of Cardiac Cycle: In a normal person, a heartbeat is 72 beats/minute. An Electrocardiogram (ECG) is a medical test that detects cardiac (heart) abnormalities by measuring the electrical activity generated by the heart as it. The machine that records the patient’s ECG is called an electrocardiograph. contracts. PLACEMENT OF ECG LEADS ECG WAVES: The P wave is caused by spread of depolarization through the atria, After the onset of the P wave, The QRS waves Occurs as a result of electrical depolarization of the ventricles, the ventricular T wave represents the stage of repolarization of the ventricles, The 'U' wave is a wave comes after the T wave of ventricular repolarization and may not always be observed. HEART SOUNDS: First Heart Sound (S1) The first heart sound results from the closing of the mitral and tricuspid valves. Second Heart Sound (S2): The second heart sound is produced by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves. Third Heart Sound (S3): The third heart sound, also known as the “ventricular gallop,” occurs just after S2 when the mitral valve opens, allowing passive filling of the left ventricle. The S3 sound is actually produced by the large amount of blood striking a very compliant LV. [Compliance heart means how easily the chamber of heart or the lumen of blood vessels expands when it is filling with the blood] Fourth Heart Sound (S4): The fourth heart sound, also known as the “atrial gallop,” occurs just before S1 when the atria contract to force blood into the LV.

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1. The cardiac cycle Describing the sequence of events in one heart beat

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11. atrio-ventricular valves open

12. atrio-ventricular valves open atrio-ventricular valves close

13. atrio-ventricular valves open atrio-ventricular valves close semi-lunar valves open

14. atrio-ventricular valves open atrio-ventricular valves close semi-lunar valves open semi-lunar valves close