SlideShare ist ein Scribd-Unternehmen logo

Chapter 14 Managers And Communication Ppt14

•Als PPT, PDF herunterladen•
•
D
D
BusinessTechnologie
1 von 53
Foundations of Behavior Chapter 14
L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
L E A R N I N G O U T L I N E (cont’d) Follow this Learning Outline as you read and study this chapter. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why Look at Individual Behavior? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exhibit 14.1 The Organization as an Iceberg
Important Employee Behaviors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Important Employee Behaviors (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Important Employee Behaviors (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Psychological Factors Affecting Employee Behavior ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Psychological Factors ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Psychological Factors (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Psychological Factors (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Psychological Factors (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Psychological Factors (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Psychological Factors (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Psychological Factors (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Psychological Factors (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Attitudes and Consistency ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cognitive Dissonance Theory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Attitude Surveys ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exhibit 14.2 Sample Attitude Survey Source: Based on T. Lammers, “The Essential Employee Survey,” Inc ., December 1992, pp. 159–161.
The Importance of Attitudes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Personality ,[object Object],[object Object]
Classifying Personality Traits ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exhibit 14.3 Examples of MBTI ® Types Source: Based on I. Briggs-Myers, Introduction to Type (Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1980), pp. 7–8. Warm, friendly, candid, and decisive; also usually skilled in anything that requires reasoning and intelligent talk, but may sometimes overestimate what they are capable of doing. ENTJ (extrovert, intuitive, thinking, judgmental) Sensitive, kind, modest, shy, and quietly friendly. Such people strongly dislike disagreements and will avoid them. They are loyal followers and quite often are relaxed about getting things done. ISFP (introvert, sensing, feeling, perceptive) Blunt and sometimes insensitive. Such people are matter-of-fact and do not worry or hurry. They enjoy whatever comes along. They work best with real things that can be assembled or disassembled. ESTP (extrovert, sensing, thinking, perceptive) Quietly forceful, conscientious, and concerned for others. Such people succeed by perseverance, originality, and the desire to do whatever is needed or wanted. They are often highly respected for their uncompromising principles. INFJ (introvert, intuitive, feeling, judgmental) Description Type
The Big-Five Model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Personality Insights ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Personality Insights (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Personality Insights (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other Personality Insights (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emotions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Emotional Intelligence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implications for Managers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Understanding Personality Differences ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exhibit 14.4 Holland’s Typology of Personality and Sample Occupations Source: Based on J. L. Holland, Making Vocational Choices: A Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments (Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1997).
Perception ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exhibit 14.5 Perception Challenges: What Do You See?
How We Perceive People ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exhibit 14.6 Attribution Theory
How We Perceive People (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Shortcuts Used in Judging Others ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implications for Managers ,[object Object],[object Object]
Learning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learning (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Shaping: A Managerial Tool ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contemporary Issues in OB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Exhibit 14.7 Gen Y Workers Source: Bruce Tulgan of Rainmaker Thinking. Used with permission.
Contemporary Issues in OB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Terms to Know ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Terms to Know (cont’d) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Empfohlen

Chapter 17 Intro To Controlling Ppt17
Chapter 17 Intro To Controlling Ppt17Chapter 17 Intro To Controlling Ppt17
Chapter 17 Intro To Controlling Ppt17D
 
Chapter 13 Understanding Individual Behavior Ppt13
Chapter 13 Understanding Individual Behavior Ppt13Chapter 13 Understanding Individual Behavior Ppt13
Chapter 13 Understanding Individual Behavior Ppt13D
 
Chapter 7 Foundations Of Planning Ppt07
Chapter 7 Foundations Of Planning Ppt07Chapter 7 Foundations Of Planning Ppt07
Chapter 7 Foundations Of Planning Ppt07D
 
Hbo appraising and rewarding performance
Hbo appraising and rewarding performanceHbo appraising and rewarding performance
Hbo appraising and rewarding performanceJan Keiszha Buenabajo
 
Conflict Management - Organizational Effectiveness
Conflict Management - Organizational EffectivenessConflict Management - Organizational Effectiveness
Conflict Management - Organizational EffectivenessArsal Ahmad
 
Foundations of Organization Structure, Chapter 16-Organizational Behavior
Foundations of Organization Structure, Chapter 16-Organizational BehaviorFoundations of Organization Structure, Chapter 16-Organizational Behavior
Foundations of Organization Structure, Chapter 16-Organizational BehaviorDr.Amrinder Singh
 
Ch02 - Organisation theory design and change gareth jones
Ch02 - Organisation theory design and change gareth jonesCh02 - Organisation theory design and change gareth jones
Ch02 - Organisation theory design and change gareth jonesAnkit Kesri
 
Organizational Processes=18
Organizational Processes=18Organizational Processes=18
Organizational Processes=18Sushant Murarka
 

Empfohlen

Chapter 17 Intro To Controlling Ppt17
Chapter 17 Intro To Controlling Ppt17Chapter 17 Intro To Controlling Ppt17
Chapter 17 Intro To Controlling Ppt17D
 
Chapter 13 Understanding Individual Behavior Ppt13
Chapter 13 Understanding Individual Behavior Ppt13Chapter 13 Understanding Individual Behavior Ppt13
Chapter 13 Understanding Individual Behavior Ppt13D
 
Chapter 7 Foundations Of Planning Ppt07
Chapter 7 Foundations Of Planning Ppt07Chapter 7 Foundations Of Planning Ppt07
Chapter 7 Foundations Of Planning Ppt07D
 
Hbo appraising and rewarding performance
Hbo appraising and rewarding performanceHbo appraising and rewarding performance
Hbo appraising and rewarding performanceJan Keiszha Buenabajo
 
Conflict Management - Organizational Effectiveness
Conflict Management - Organizational EffectivenessConflict Management - Organizational Effectiveness
Conflict Management - Organizational EffectivenessArsal Ahmad
 
Foundations of Organization Structure, Chapter 16-Organizational Behavior
Foundations of Organization Structure, Chapter 16-Organizational BehaviorFoundations of Organization Structure, Chapter 16-Organizational Behavior
Foundations of Organization Structure, Chapter 16-Organizational BehaviorDr.Amrinder Singh
 
Ch02 - Organisation theory design and change gareth jones
Ch02 - Organisation theory design and change gareth jonesCh02 - Organisation theory design and change gareth jones
Ch02 - Organisation theory design and change gareth jonesAnkit Kesri
 
Organizational Processes=18
Organizational Processes=18Organizational Processes=18
Organizational Processes=18Sushant Murarka
 
Contemporary management theory
Contemporary management theoryContemporary management theory
Contemporary management theorySheena Marie Cordero
 
Chapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and Human
Chapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and HumanChapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and Human
Chapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and Humandpd
 
Management Chapter14
Management Chapter14Management Chapter14
Management Chapter14WanBK Leo
 
Principle of Management ch1
Principle of Management ch1Principle of Management ch1
Principle of Management ch1julianmillar
 
Management Chapter03
Management Chapter03Management Chapter03
Management Chapter03WanBK Leo
 
Introduction of OB, OB and managers roles
Introduction of OB, OB and managers rolesIntroduction of OB, OB and managers roles
Introduction of OB, OB and managers rolesAsma Yasmin
 
Management and Organization Behavior PPT, MBA
Management and Organization Behavior PPT, MBAManagement and Organization Behavior PPT, MBA
Management and Organization Behavior PPT, MBAIshaq Ahmed
 
Management Chapter13
Management Chapter13Management Chapter13
Management Chapter13WanBK Leo
 
Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior
Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior
Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior Dr.Amrinder Singh
 
Presentation on diagnosis
Presentation on diagnosisPresentation on diagnosis
Presentation on diagnosisRose Nanna
 
Chapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulterChapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulterMd. Abul Ala
 
38995471 ob-model
38995471 ob-model38995471 ob-model
38995471 ob-modelMuhammad Umair Israr Qureshi
 
Organizational Effectiveness
Organizational EffectivenessOrganizational Effectiveness
Organizational EffectivenessDewasish Ghoshal
 
Organization theories
Organization theoriesOrganization theories
Organization theoriesSSBinny
 
Chapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulterChapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulterMd. Abul Ala
 
Management (Complete Book)
Management (Complete Book)Management (Complete Book)
Management (Complete Book)Intazar Ali Shah
 
Organizational Behavior
Organizational BehaviorOrganizational Behavior
Organizational BehaviorDr.Amrinder Singh
 
Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...
Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...
Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...Solomon Adetokunbo
 
Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |
Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |
Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |FaHaD .H. NooR
 
Ch7 ob
Ch7 obCh7 ob
Ch7 obBeacon House
 
Intro Access
Intro AccessIntro Access
Intro AccessD
 
Chapter 19 Ppt19
Chapter 19 Ppt19Chapter 19 Ppt19
Chapter 19 Ppt19D
 

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Chapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and Human
Chapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and HumanChapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and Human
Chapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and Humandpd
 
Management Chapter14
Management Chapter14Management Chapter14
Management Chapter14WanBK Leo
 
Principle of Management ch1
Principle of Management ch1Principle of Management ch1
Principle of Management ch1julianmillar
 
Management Chapter03
Management Chapter03Management Chapter03
Management Chapter03WanBK Leo
 
Introduction of OB, OB and managers roles
Introduction of OB, OB and managers rolesIntroduction of OB, OB and managers roles
Introduction of OB, OB and managers rolesAsma Yasmin
 
Management and Organization Behavior PPT, MBA
Management and Organization Behavior PPT, MBAManagement and Organization Behavior PPT, MBA
Management and Organization Behavior PPT, MBAIshaq Ahmed
 
Management Chapter13
Management Chapter13Management Chapter13
Management Chapter13WanBK Leo
 
Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior
Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior
Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior Dr.Amrinder Singh
 
Presentation on diagnosis
Presentation on diagnosisPresentation on diagnosis
Presentation on diagnosisRose Nanna
 
Chapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulterChapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulterMd. Abul Ala
 
Organizational Effectiveness
Organizational EffectivenessOrganizational Effectiveness
Organizational EffectivenessDewasish Ghoshal
 
Organization theories
Organization theoriesOrganization theories
Organization theoriesSSBinny
 
Chapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulterChapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulterMd. Abul Ala
 
Management (Complete Book)
Management (Complete Book)Management (Complete Book)
Management (Complete Book)Intazar Ali Shah
 
Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...
Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...
Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...Solomon Adetokunbo
 
Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |
Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |
Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |FaHaD .H. NooR
 

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Contemporary management theory
Contemporary management theoryContemporary management theory
Contemporary management theory
 
Chapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and Human
Chapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and HumanChapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and Human
Chapter 13 - Control Systems: Financial and Human
 
Management Chapter14
Management Chapter14Management Chapter14
Management Chapter14
 
Principle of Management ch1
Principle of Management ch1Principle of Management ch1
Principle of Management ch1
 
Management Chapter03
Management Chapter03Management Chapter03
Management Chapter03
 
Introduction of OB, OB and managers roles
Introduction of OB, OB and managers rolesIntroduction of OB, OB and managers roles
Introduction of OB, OB and managers roles
 
Management and Organization Behavior PPT, MBA
Management and Organization Behavior PPT, MBAManagement and Organization Behavior PPT, MBA
Management and Organization Behavior PPT, MBA
 
Management Chapter13
Management Chapter13Management Chapter13
Management Chapter13
 
Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior
Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior
Organizational Change and Stress Management, Chapter 19-Organizational Behavior
 
Presentation on diagnosis
Presentation on diagnosisPresentation on diagnosis
Presentation on diagnosis
 
Chapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulterChapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 11 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
 
38995471 ob-model
38995471 ob-model38995471 ob-model
38995471 ob-model
 
Organizational Effectiveness
Organizational EffectivenessOrganizational Effectiveness
Organizational Effectiveness
 
Organization theories
Organization theoriesOrganization theories
Organization theories
 
Chapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulterChapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
Chapter 9 management (10 th edition) by robbins and coulter
 
Management (Complete Book)
Management (Complete Book)Management (Complete Book)
Management (Complete Book)
 
Organizational Behavior
Organizational BehaviorOrganizational Behavior
Organizational Behavior
 
Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...
Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...
Organization effectiveness assesment of cocacola using the goals approach mod...
 
Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |
Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |
Managerial Roles in the Organization | Organization Behavior |
 
Ch7 ob
Ch7 obCh7 ob
Ch7 ob
 

Andere mochten auch

Intro Access
Intro AccessIntro Access
Intro AccessD
 
Chapter 19 Ppt19
Chapter 19 Ppt19Chapter 19 Ppt19
Chapter 19 Ppt19D
 
Ch05 Access
Ch05 AccessCh05 Access
Ch05 AccessD
 
Chapter 18 Managing Operations Ppt18
Chapter 18 Managing Operations Ppt18Chapter 18 Managing Operations Ppt18
Chapter 18 Managing Operations Ppt18D
 
What is an organizational chart?
What is an organizational chart?What is an organizational chart?
What is an organizational chart?ARIS Community
 
Chapter 15 Motivating Employees Ppt15
Chapter 15 Motivating Employees Ppt15Chapter 15 Motivating Employees Ppt15
Chapter 15 Motivating Employees Ppt15D
 
Chapter 12 Human Resource Management Ppt12
Chapter 12 Human Resource Management Ppt12Chapter 12 Human Resource Management Ppt12
Chapter 12 Human Resource Management Ppt12D
 
Ch06 Access
Ch06 AccessCh06 Access
Ch06 AccessD
 
Organizational structure design
Organizational structure designOrganizational structure design
Organizational structure designAnnie Gallardo
 
Chapter 10 Organizational Structure And Design Ppt10
Chapter 10 Organizational Structure And Design Ppt10Chapter 10 Organizational Structure And Design Ppt10
Chapter 10 Organizational Structure And Design Ppt10D
 
Ch 9 organizational structure and design
Ch 9 organizational structure and designCh 9 organizational structure and design
Ch 9 organizational structure and designNardin A
 
organization structure
organization structureorganization structure
organization structureMukesh Gupta
 
Organizational structure ppt
Organizational structure pptOrganizational structure ppt
Organizational structure pptvibhugorintla
 
Organizational Structure
Organizational StructureOrganizational Structure
Organizational Structureahmad bassiouny
 

Andere mochten auch (15)

Intro Access
Intro AccessIntro Access
Intro Access
 
Chapter 19 Ppt19
Chapter 19 Ppt19Chapter 19 Ppt19
Chapter 19 Ppt19
 
Ch05 Access
Ch05 AccessCh05 Access
Ch05 Access
 
Chapter 18 Managing Operations Ppt18
Chapter 18 Managing Operations Ppt18Chapter 18 Managing Operations Ppt18
Chapter 18 Managing Operations Ppt18
 
What is an organizational chart?
What is an organizational chart?What is an organizational chart?
What is an organizational chart?
 
Chapter 15 Motivating Employees Ppt15
Chapter 15 Motivating Employees Ppt15Chapter 15 Motivating Employees Ppt15
Chapter 15 Motivating Employees Ppt15
 
Chapter 12 Human Resource Management Ppt12
Chapter 12 Human Resource Management Ppt12Chapter 12 Human Resource Management Ppt12
Chapter 12 Human Resource Management Ppt12
 
Ch06 Access
Ch06 AccessCh06 Access
Ch06 Access
 
Organizational structure design
Organizational structure designOrganizational structure design
Organizational structure design
 
Organizational Structures
Organizational StructuresOrganizational Structures
Organizational Structures
 
Chapter 10 Organizational Structure And Design Ppt10
Chapter 10 Organizational Structure And Design Ppt10Chapter 10 Organizational Structure And Design Ppt10
Chapter 10 Organizational Structure And Design Ppt10
 
Ch 9 organizational structure and design
Ch 9 organizational structure and designCh 9 organizational structure and design
Ch 9 organizational structure and design
 
organization structure
organization structureorganization structure
organization structure
 
Organizational structure ppt
Organizational structure pptOrganizational structure ppt
Organizational structure ppt
 
Organizational Structure
Organizational StructureOrganizational Structure
Organizational Structure
 

Ähnlich wie Chapter 14 Managers And Communication Ppt14

Stu R C8e Ch 13
Stu R C8e Ch 13Stu R C8e Ch 13
Stu R C8e Ch 13D
 
Understand individual Behaviour.pptx
Understand individual Behaviour.pptxUnderstand individual Behaviour.pptx
Understand individual Behaviour.pptxBesraSaputra
 
Day 8 - Understanding work teams
Day 8 - Understanding work teamsDay 8 - Understanding work teams
Day 8 - Understanding work teamsDerek Nicoll
 
Mahmood Qasim slides on Personality for Organizational Behavior students
Mahmood Qasim slides on Personality for Organizational Behavior studentsMahmood Qasim slides on Personality for Organizational Behavior students
Mahmood Qasim slides on Personality for Organizational Behavior studentsMahmood Qasim
 
Foundation to indivudal behaviour personality theories
Foundation to indivudal behaviour personality theoriesFoundation to indivudal behaviour personality theories
Foundation to indivudal behaviour personality theoriesPriyanshu Gandhi
 
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2 (1).ppt
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2 (1).pptUNIT 1- CHAPTER 2 (1).ppt
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2 (1).pptssuser781d9d
 
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2.ppt
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2.pptUNIT 1- CHAPTER 2.ppt
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2.pptssuser781d9d
 
Employee Attitude And Their Effects
Employee Attitude And Their EffectsEmployee Attitude And Their Effects
Employee Attitude And Their EffectsLomer Oanilacam
 
Analyzing The Organizational Behavior Chart Elements
Analyzing The Organizational Behavior Chart ElementsAnalyzing The Organizational Behavior Chart Elements
Analyzing The Organizational Behavior Chart ElementsAllison Koehn
 
ch3 attitudes and job satisfaction
ch3 attitudes and job satisfactionch3 attitudes and job satisfaction
ch3 attitudes and job satisfactionFelix
 
On attitudes-and-job-satisfactionok-1233836501262150-1
On attitudes-and-job-satisfactionok-1233836501262150-1On attitudes-and-job-satisfactionok-1233836501262150-1
On attitudes-and-job-satisfactionok-1233836501262150-1aradhna5
 
Attitude & Job Satisfaction
Attitude & Job SatisfactionAttitude & Job Satisfaction
Attitude & Job SatisfactionSaravanan rulez
 
Personality Attitude & Job Satisfaction
Personality Attitude & Job SatisfactionPersonality Attitude & Job Satisfaction
Personality Attitude & Job SatisfactionSyeda Tooba Saleem
 

Ähnlich wie Chapter 14 Managers And Communication Ppt14 (20)

Stu R C8e Ch 13
Stu R C8e Ch 13Stu R C8e Ch 13
Stu R C8e Ch 13
 
Understand individual Behaviour.pptx
Understand individual Behaviour.pptxUnderstand individual Behaviour.pptx
Understand individual Behaviour.pptx
 
Day 8 - Understanding work teams
Day 8 - Understanding work teamsDay 8 - Understanding work teams
Day 8 - Understanding work teams
 
Mahmood Qasim slides on Personality for Organizational Behavior students
Mahmood Qasim slides on Personality for Organizational Behavior studentsMahmood Qasim slides on Personality for Organizational Behavior students
Mahmood Qasim slides on Personality for Organizational Behavior students
 
Foundation to indivudal behaviour personality theories
Foundation to indivudal behaviour personality theoriesFoundation to indivudal behaviour personality theories
Foundation to indivudal behaviour personality theories
 
Chapter 3 value, attitudes n job satisfaction
Chapter 3 value, attitudes n job satisfactionChapter 3 value, attitudes n job satisfaction
Chapter 3 value, attitudes n job satisfaction
 
Man101 Chapter8
Man101 Chapter8Man101 Chapter8
Man101 Chapter8
 
Ch3
Ch3Ch3
Ch3
 
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2 (1).ppt
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2 (1).pptUNIT 1- CHAPTER 2 (1).ppt
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2 (1).ppt
 
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2.ppt
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2.pptUNIT 1- CHAPTER 2.ppt
UNIT 1- CHAPTER 2.ppt
 
Employee Attitude And Their Effects
Employee Attitude And Their EffectsEmployee Attitude And Their Effects
Employee Attitude And Their Effects
 
On Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
On Attitudes and Job SatisfactionOn Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
On Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
 
Analyzing The Organizational Behavior Chart Elements
Analyzing The Organizational Behavior Chart ElementsAnalyzing The Organizational Behavior Chart Elements
Analyzing The Organizational Behavior Chart Elements
 
ch3 attitudes and job satisfaction
ch3 attitudes and job satisfactionch3 attitudes and job satisfaction
ch3 attitudes and job satisfaction
 
ch3.ppt
ch3.pptch3.ppt
ch3.ppt
 
On attitudes-and-job-satisfactionok-1233836501262150-1
On attitudes-and-job-satisfactionok-1233836501262150-1On attitudes-and-job-satisfactionok-1233836501262150-1
On attitudes-and-job-satisfactionok-1233836501262150-1
 
Attitude & Job Satisfaction
Attitude & Job SatisfactionAttitude & Job Satisfaction
Attitude & Job Satisfaction
 
Organisational Behaviour
Organisational BehaviourOrganisational Behaviour
Organisational Behaviour
 
ATTITUDE.pptx
ATTITUDE.pptxATTITUDE.pptx
ATTITUDE.pptx
 
Personality Attitude & Job Satisfaction
Personality Attitude & Job SatisfactionPersonality Attitude & Job Satisfaction
Personality Attitude & Job Satisfaction
 

Mehr von D

Ch04 Access
Ch04 AccessCh04 Access
Ch04 AccessD
 
Ch03 Access
Ch03 AccessCh03 Access
Ch03 AccessD
 
Ch02 Access
Ch02 AccessCh02 Access
Ch02 AccessD
 
Ch01 Access
Ch01 AccessCh01 Access
Ch01 AccessD
 
Ch07 Access
Ch07 AccessCh07 Access
Ch07 AccessD
 
Chapter 11 Communication And Information Technology Ppt11
Chapter 11 Communication And Information Technology Ppt11Chapter 11 Communication And Information Technology Ppt11
Chapter 11 Communication And Information Technology Ppt11D
 
Chapter 9 Planning Tools Techniques Ppt09
Chapter 9 Planning Tools Techniques Ppt09Chapter 9 Planning Tools Techniques Ppt09
Chapter 9 Planning Tools Techniques Ppt09D
 
Chapter 8 Strategic Management Ppt08
Chapter 8 Strategic Management Ppt08Chapter 8 Strategic Management Ppt08
Chapter 8 Strategic Management Ppt08D
 
Chapter 6 Decision Making The Essence Of The Managers Job Ppt06
Chapter 6 Decision Making The Essence Of The Managers Job Ppt06Chapter 6 Decision Making The Essence Of The Managers Job Ppt06
Chapter 6 Decision Making The Essence Of The Managers Job Ppt06D
 
Chapter 5 Social Responsibility And Managerial Ethics Ppt05
Chapter 5 Social Responsibility And Managerial Ethics Ppt05Chapter 5 Social Responsibility And Managerial Ethics Ppt05
Chapter 5 Social Responsibility And Managerial Ethics Ppt05D
 
Chapter 4 Managing In A Global Environmen Ppt04
Chapter 4 Managing In A Global Environmen Ppt04Chapter 4 Managing In A Global Environmen Ppt04
Chapter 4 Managing In A Global Environmen Ppt04D
 
Chapter 3 Organiz Culture And Environ The Constraints Ppt03
Chapter 3 Organiz Culture And Environ The Constraints Ppt03Chapter 3 Organiz Culture And Environ The Constraints Ppt03
Chapter 3 Organiz Culture And Environ The Constraints Ppt03D
 
Chapter 2 Management Yesterday And Today Ppt02
Chapter 2 Management Yesterday And Today Ppt02Chapter 2 Management Yesterday And Today Ppt02
Chapter 2 Management Yesterday And Today Ppt02D
 
Stu R C8e Ch06
Stu R C8e Ch06Stu R C8e Ch06
Stu R C8e Ch06D
 
Stu R C8e Ch15
Stu R C8e Ch15Stu R C8e Ch15
Stu R C8e Ch15D
 
Stu R C8e Ch15 11
Stu R C8e Ch15 11Stu R C8e Ch15 11
Stu R C8e Ch15 11D
 
Stu R C8e Ch13 12
Stu R C8e Ch13 12Stu R C8e Ch13 12
Stu R C8e Ch13 12D
 
Stu R C8e Ch12 10
Stu R C8e Ch12 10Stu R C8e Ch12 10
Stu R C8e Ch12 10D
 

Mehr von D (18)

Ch04 Access
Ch04 AccessCh04 Access
Ch04 Access
 
Ch03 Access
Ch03 AccessCh03 Access
Ch03 Access
 
Ch02 Access
Ch02 AccessCh02 Access
Ch02 Access
 
Ch01 Access
Ch01 AccessCh01 Access
Ch01 Access
 
Ch07 Access
Ch07 AccessCh07 Access
Ch07 Access
 
Chapter 11 Communication And Information Technology Ppt11
Chapter 11 Communication And Information Technology Ppt11Chapter 11 Communication And Information Technology Ppt11
Chapter 11 Communication And Information Technology Ppt11
 
Chapter 9 Planning Tools Techniques Ppt09
Chapter 9 Planning Tools Techniques Ppt09Chapter 9 Planning Tools Techniques Ppt09
Chapter 9 Planning Tools Techniques Ppt09
 
Chapter 8 Strategic Management Ppt08
Chapter 8 Strategic Management Ppt08Chapter 8 Strategic Management Ppt08
Chapter 8 Strategic Management Ppt08
 
Chapter 6 Decision Making The Essence Of The Managers Job Ppt06
Chapter 6 Decision Making The Essence Of The Managers Job Ppt06Chapter 6 Decision Making The Essence Of The Managers Job Ppt06
Chapter 6 Decision Making The Essence Of The Managers Job Ppt06
 
Chapter 5 Social Responsibility And Managerial Ethics Ppt05
Chapter 5 Social Responsibility And Managerial Ethics Ppt05Chapter 5 Social Responsibility And Managerial Ethics Ppt05
Chapter 5 Social Responsibility And Managerial Ethics Ppt05
 
Chapter 4 Managing In A Global Environmen Ppt04
Chapter 4 Managing In A Global Environmen Ppt04Chapter 4 Managing In A Global Environmen Ppt04
Chapter 4 Managing In A Global Environmen Ppt04
 
Chapter 3 Organiz Culture And Environ The Constraints Ppt03
Chapter 3 Organiz Culture And Environ The Constraints Ppt03Chapter 3 Organiz Culture And Environ The Constraints Ppt03
Chapter 3 Organiz Culture And Environ The Constraints Ppt03
 
Chapter 2 Management Yesterday And Today Ppt02
Chapter 2 Management Yesterday And Today Ppt02Chapter 2 Management Yesterday And Today Ppt02
Chapter 2 Management Yesterday And Today Ppt02
 
Stu R C8e Ch06
Stu R C8e Ch06Stu R C8e Ch06
Stu R C8e Ch06
 
Stu R C8e Ch15
Stu R C8e Ch15Stu R C8e Ch15
Stu R C8e Ch15
 
Stu R C8e Ch15 11
Stu R C8e Ch15 11Stu R C8e Ch15 11
Stu R C8e Ch15 11
 
Stu R C8e Ch13 12
Stu R C8e Ch13 12Stu R C8e Ch13 12
Stu R C8e Ch13 12
 
Stu R C8e Ch12 10
Stu R C8e Ch12 10Stu R C8e Ch12 10
Stu R C8e Ch12 10
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...
Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...
Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...ssuserf63bd7
 
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfAPRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfRbc Rbcua
 
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deckPitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deckHajeJanKamps
 
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...Hector Del Castillo, CPM, CPMM
 
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...ssuserf63bd7
 
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in LifePlanetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in LifeBhavana Pujan Kendra
 
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03DallasHaselhorst
 
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Americas Got Grants
 
digital marketing , introduction of digital marketing
digital marketing , introduction of digital marketingdigital marketing , introduction of digital marketing
digital marketing , introduction of digital marketingrajputmeenakshi733
 
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic Experiences
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic ExperiencesUnveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic Experiences
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic ExperiencesDoe Paoro
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdfShaun Heinrichs
 
Driving Business Impact for PMs with Jon Harmer
Driving Business Impact for PMs with Jon HarmerDriving Business Impact for PMs with Jon Harmer
Driving Business Impact for PMs with Jon HarmerAggregage
 
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdfChris Skinner
 
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdf
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdfWSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdf
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdfJamesConcepcion7
 
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdf
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdfWSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdf
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdfJamesConcepcion7
 
Effective Strategies for Maximizing Your Profit When Selling Gold Jewelry
Effective Strategies for Maximizing Your Profit When Selling Gold JewelryEffective Strategies for Maximizing Your Profit When Selling Gold Jewelry
Effective Strategies for Maximizing Your Profit When Selling Gold JewelryWhittensFineJewelry1
 
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan Dynamics
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan DynamicsWelding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan Dynamics
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan DynamicsIndiaMART InterMESH Limited
 
Supercharge Your eCommerce Stores-acowebs
Supercharge Your eCommerce Stores-acowebsSupercharge Your eCommerce Stores-acowebs
Supercharge Your eCommerce Stores-acowebsGOKUL JS
 
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...SOFTTECHHUB
 
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring Capabilities
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring CapabilitiesOnemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring Capabilities
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring CapabilitiesOne Monitar
 

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...
Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...
Intermediate Accounting, Volume 2, 13th Canadian Edition by Donald E. Kieso t...
 
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdfAPRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
APRIL2024_UKRAINE_xml_0000000000000 .pdf
 
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deckPitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deck
Pitch Deck Teardown: Xpanceo's $40M Seed deck
 
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
How Generative AI Is Transforming Your Business | Byond Growth Insights | Apr...
 
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
Horngren’s Financial & Managerial Accounting, 7th edition by Miller-Nobles so...
 
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in LifePlanetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
Planetary and Vedic Yagyas Bring Positive Impacts in Life
 
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
Cybersecurity Awareness Training Presentation v2024.03
 
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
Church Building Grants To Assist With New Construction, Additions, And Restor...
 
digital marketing , introduction of digital marketing
digital marketing , introduction of digital marketingdigital marketing , introduction of digital marketing
digital marketing , introduction of digital marketing
 
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic Experiences
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic ExperiencesUnveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic Experiences
Unveiling the Soundscape Music for Psychedelic Experiences
 
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
1911 Gold Corporate Presentation Apr 2024.pdf
 
Driving Business Impact for PMs with Jon Harmer
Driving Business Impact for PMs with Jon HarmerDriving Business Impact for PMs with Jon Harmer
Driving Business Impact for PMs with Jon Harmer
 
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf
20220816-EthicsGrade_Scorecard-JP_Morgan_Chase-Q2-63_57.pdf
 
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdf
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdfWSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdf
WSMM Technology February.March Newsletter_vF.pdf
 
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdf
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdfWSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdf
WSMM Media and Entertainment Feb_March_Final.pdf
 
Effective Strategies for Maximizing Your Profit When Selling Gold Jewelry
Effective Strategies for Maximizing Your Profit When Selling Gold JewelryEffective Strategies for Maximizing Your Profit When Selling Gold Jewelry
Effective Strategies for Maximizing Your Profit When Selling Gold Jewelry
 
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan Dynamics
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan DynamicsWelding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan Dynamics
Welding Electrode Making Machine By Deccan Dynamics
 
Supercharge Your eCommerce Stores-acowebs
Supercharge Your eCommerce Stores-acowebsSupercharge Your eCommerce Stores-acowebs
Supercharge Your eCommerce Stores-acowebs
 
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...
How To Simplify Your Scheduling with AI Calendarfly The Hassle-Free Online Bo...
 
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring Capabilities
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring CapabilitiesOnemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring Capabilities
Onemonitar Android Spy App Features: Explore Advanced Monitoring Capabilities
 

Chapter 14 Managers And Communication Ppt14

  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Exhibit 14.1 The Organization as an Iceberg
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23. Exhibit 14.2 Sample Attitude Survey Source: Based on T. Lammers, “The Essential Employee Survey,” Inc ., December 1992, pp. 159–161.
  • 24.
  • 25.
  • 26.
  • 27. Exhibit 14.3 Examples of MBTI ® Types Source: Based on I. Briggs-Myers, Introduction to Type (Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1980), pp. 7–8. Warm, friendly, candid, and decisive; also usually skilled in anything that requires reasoning and intelligent talk, but may sometimes overestimate what they are capable of doing. ENTJ (extrovert, intuitive, thinking, judgmental) Sensitive, kind, modest, shy, and quietly friendly. Such people strongly dislike disagreements and will avoid them. They are loyal followers and quite often are relaxed about getting things done. ISFP (introvert, sensing, feeling, perceptive) Blunt and sometimes insensitive. Such people are matter-of-fact and do not worry or hurry. They enjoy whatever comes along. They work best with real things that can be assembled or disassembled. ESTP (extrovert, sensing, thinking, perceptive) Quietly forceful, conscientious, and concerned for others. Such people succeed by perseverance, originality, and the desire to do whatever is needed or wanted. They are often highly respected for their uncompromising principles. INFJ (introvert, intuitive, feeling, judgmental) Description Type
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. Exhibit 14.4 Holland’s Typology of Personality and Sample Occupations Source: Based on J. L. Holland, Making Vocational Choices: A Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments (Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, 1997).
  • 38.
  • 39. Exhibit 14.5 Perception Challenges: What Do You See?
  • 40.
  • 42.
  • 43.
  • 44.
  • 45.
  • 46.
  • 47.
  • 48.
  • 49.
  • 50. Exhibit 14.7 Gen Y Workers Source: Bruce Tulgan of Rainmaker Thinking. Used with permission.
  • 51.
  • 52.
  • 53.