The document discusses closed stations, which are restricted access transit stations that allow for pre-payment of fares and separation of passengers, as a way to integrate fares and schedules between transit systems. Closed stations provide benefits like minimal need for fare enforcement, reduced leakage of funds, and easier transfers between lines. They can also help optimize transit schedules and reduce transfer times between lines by allowing buses to be held for connecting transit vehicles. Examples of closed stations are provided from cities like Curitiba, Brazil and Guayaquil, Ecuador.