2. GLUTEAL REGION AND POSTERIOR THIGH

22. Summary of Muscles (O, I, N, A)

23. Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Gluteus maximus outer surface of ilium, sacrum, coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur extends and laterally rotates thigh at hip; through iliotibial tract it extends knee joint inferior gluteal nerve Gluteus medius outer surface of ilium greater trochanter of femur abducts thigh at hip; tilts pelvis when walking superior gluteal nerve Gluteus minimus outer surface of ilium greater trochanter of femur abducts thigh at hip; anterior fibers medially rotate thigh superior gluteal nerve Tensor fasciae latae iliac crest iliotibial tract assists gluteus maximus in extending the knee joint superior gluteal nerve

24. Pyriformis anterior surface of sacrum greater trochanter of femur lateral rotator of thigh sacral nerve S1 and S2 Superior gemellus spine of ischium greater trochanter of femur lateral rotator of thigh sacral plexus Obturator internus inner surface of obturator membrane greater trochanter of femur lateral rotator of thigh sacral plexus Inferior gemellus ischial tuberosity greater trochanter of femur lateral rotator of thigh sacral plexus Obturator externus outer surface of obturator membrane greater trochanger of femur lateral rotator of thigh obturator nerve Quadratus femoris ischial tuberosity quadrate tubercle on upper end of femur lateral rotator of thigh sacral plexus

29. The femoral artery (1) - the principal supply to the anterior compartment of the thigh, as well as the rest of the lower limb. Its branches are: Superficial iliac circumflex (3). This branch travels along the lower border of the inguinal ligament and supplies lower abdomen and upper thigh. External pudendal (2). This branch supplies superficial perineal structures. Lateral femoral circumflex (5). The lateral circumflex travels around the anterior surface of the surgical neck of the femur and anastomoses with the medial circumflex. Medial femoral circumflex (4). The medial circumflex travels around the posterior surface of the surgical neck of the femur. Profunda femoris (6) . The deep (profunda) femoris artery descends along the attached margin of the adductor magnus muscle, giving rise to 3 perforating branches (6a-6c) superior (highest) genicular (7)

38. Muscle Origin Insertion Action Nerve Supply Biceps femoris, long head ischial tuberosity head of fibula flexes and laterally rotates leg, extends thigh tibial part of sciatic nerve Biceps femoris, short head shaft of femur head of fibula flexes and laterally rotates leg common peroneal nerve Semi-tendinosus ischial tuberosity upper part medial surface of tibia flexes and medially rotates leg; extends thigh tibial part of sciatic Semi-membranosus ischial tuberosity medial condyle of tibia flexes and medially roates leg; extends thigh tibial part of sciatic Adductor magnus (hamstring part) ischial tuberosity adductor tubercle of femur extends thigh tibial part of sciatic