Texto usado na aula de Inglês Técnico - CEPEP Escola Técnica

1. DRILLING EQUIPMENT
Drilling Equipment refers to the components and ingredients that are used for the purpose of
Drilling oil. It is the job of geologists to locate oil with the help of necessary Equipment that are
used in an oil trap. The task of the geologists is to locate a Drilling resource such as the right
kind of rock, entrapment or reservoir rock.
Some time back, it was the task of the geologists to come up with the features of the surface,
the rock as well as the types of the soil. Equipment is used with the help of core samples that
are obtained through shallow drilling procedures. Drilling rigs are used for the extraction of oil.
According to the modern oil geologists, they can now examine the terrain and the surface
rocks with the help of satellite images.
Drilling Equipment of other types is also used for finding and locating the oil. They are used
with the help of sensitive gravity meters that can detect the tiniest of changes in the Drilling
according to the gravitational pull of the earth. Equipment like this helps in the flow of the oil,
and changes in the magnetic field of the earth (resulted by the oil flow) that can be detected
by the sensitive magnetometers.
This is Equipment that is able to detect the smell of hydro carbons with the help of sensitive
electronic noses that are known as sniffers. In the end, it can be said that the Drilling parts
make use of seismology by the creation of shock waves which can pass through hidden rock
layers and making sense of the series of waves which are reflected to the surface of the earth.
Equipment Used for Purposes of Oil Extraction
Drilling Equipment takes into account a variety of equipment. The major parts of the
Equipment for Drilling are the following: crown and crown block situated at the apex of the rig,
traveling block, draw works, sand pipe, engine, fuel or water tanks, swivel, rotary hose, turn
table, pipe rack, conductor pipe, bore hole, bit, drill pipe, mud pit and mud pump. Drilling parts
take into consideration all of the above components. Drilling parts need to be moved to the
locations in trucks which are specially provided for the purpose. The drill job is done with the
help of a rig that is leveled over the main boring hole.
The Drilling Equipment comprises of the mast or derrick that is hauled over the sub structure
and other Equipment such as the engines, pumps, and the hoisting and rotating Equipment
that are aligned together and connected. Drilling constituents like the drill collars and drill pipe
are stretched out on the racks. The parts of the rig are laid out for the people to hoist them up
when they are required. The components are connected to the drill bit or are attached to the
string for Drilling purposes.
Equipment that is used for Drilling is also known as oilfield parts that can perform seismic
surveys as well as shock waves that are created with the help of the following gears:
Compressed air guns that shoot pulses or columns of air into the water for explorations over
the water

2. The thumper trucks are used for Drilling by slamming heavy palates into the ground for
exploration over the land
Explosives that are inserted into the ground by Drilling for exploration over the land or taking it
over board for exploration over water and detonated
What a Drilling Equipment does is that it makes the shock waves travel to the heart of the
earth and these are reflected back to the surface by the different layers of rocks. The
reflections travel at varying speed depending on the density or category of layers of rock
through which they pass. The shock waves are reflected and picked up by the audio sensitive
vibration detectors or microphones: in the land, the Drilling parts consist of seismometers,
while those on the water are done by the Drilling hydrophones. Seismologists interpret the
readings for signs of gas or petroleum traps and oil. Equipment can perform the task of oil
exploration and can only be somewhat successful, about 10 per cent.
Once a Drilling oil strike is chanced upon by the Equipment, the location is marked out by the
GPS coordinates on land or on water (by marker buoys). Equipment is also used for filling up
the tanks with additives. The Drilling mud uses parts for storing on location for usage. The
Drilling mud which is also known as fluids are some of the components of the oil Rig and these
are used in the rig operations. They are inspected by the Drilling inspectors who are provided
with developed parts. The Drilling parts perform the function with maximum capacity and aid
in the construction of a drill.
Equipment for Drilling must be made on sedimentary rocks that are porous in nature and even
have qualities of permeability. They are the ones that make Drilling easier as well as effectively
trap the hydro carbons in a relatively smaller area. The parts of an oil pump are needed for the
Drilling job when a geologist gets an idea of the conditions that can occur. The Drilling
Equipment is usually used with the surface owners for helping them gain access to the
property. When the Equipment Drilling well comes up with the oil, the company may gain
accessibility to the land for a number of years, with the help of a land Drilling contract. When a
part of the drill is used, it is related to the location of the site as well as the type of Equipment
used.
Equipment when used in the right manner must depend on the selection of the site and this is
something that is generally based on geological evidence and it indicates the possible
accumulation of petroleum gas. The Equipment of rigs is provided by the Drilling Company that
sees to the fact that the Equipment is well functional as well as effective. The Drilling of oil
requires a charter that has to be granted from the owner of the land man before the
operations take place.
Oil Drilling is a procedure that requires expert usage of the Equipment by the members of the
crew. The crew drills a hole from the starter and drills a hole from the depth that is preset for
Drilling. The Drilling of oil with the help of oil Equipment that is a process involves a number of
steps. Some of them are:
The Drilling bit is placed in the hole along with the collar and Drilling pipe
The turn table and the Kelly are attached for Drilling with the Equipment

3. The oil Equipment helps circulate the mud through the pipe and out of the bit for floating the
rock cuttings outside the hole
New sections or joints in Drilling are added in the pipes as the hole gets deeper
The pipe is removed or tripped out along with the other Equipment like the bit and the collar
once the preset depth is attained anywhere from several hundred to a couple of thousand feet
The oil parts must operate and cement the casing when the pre fixed depth is reached. The
Drilling gear must be placed on the casing pipe sections into the hole for preventing the
Equipment from collapsing on itself. The exterior of the casing pipe has spacers for focusing on
the hole. The casing crew inserts the Equipment like the casing pipe in the hole. The casing
pipe is pumped down by the cement crew with the help of a top plug, cement slurry, and drill
mud. Pressure from the Drilling mud causes the cement slurry to move through the casing to
fill in the space between the outside of the hole.
The Drilling Equipment allows the cement to harden and once it is done, it is tested for various
kinds of properties such as alignment, rigidity and the right kind of seal. The oil drill is prepared
by first determining the site which must be then surveyed for checking out the boundaries for
Drilling. After the settlement of the legal formalities, the crew moves ahead with the
Equipment for preparing the land. The land is cleared and leveled for the process to take place.
Since water is an important constituent, there must be a water body or source of water in the
vicinity. If there is none, a well is drilled.
A reserve pit is dug for the oil drilling purposes for the disposal of the rock cuttings and Drilling
of mud for bordering it with plastic for ensuring the protection of the environment. If the area
in question is ecologically sensitive, like a wilderness space or marsh, make sure to dispose of
the rock cuttings away from the site in a truck, instead of placing them in a pit.
After preparing the land, several holes need to be dug for making room for the rig as well as
the main hole. A cellar, which is also rectangular in shape, is dug around the location of the
real drill hole. The cellar is actually a place of work for the workers as well as is made for
housing the drills and accessories. Once the main hole is drilled, it is lined with a conductor
pipe that is large in diameter for oil extraction.