1. 1
“Green Economy Initiative”
Event
Location
Date
Speaker
Title
UNEP

2. Outline
 Multiple crises
 Opportunity amidst crisis
 Rethinking economic recovery: A global green new deal
 The Green Economy Initiative: A family of initiatives
 Making the economic case: The Green Economy Report
 Engaging global policy processes
 Fostering global consensus on green economy
 Supporting regional initiatives on green economy
 Country technical assistance and advisory services

3. A Global Crisis with Multiple
Dimensions and Implications

4. Fuel and food crises - 950 million
people worldwide at risk of hunger
and malnutrition
Financial crisis - threatening jobs
worldwide & poverty reduction
gains
Multiple Crises
Climate crisis – exacerbating the
others

5. The Economic Crisis and Employment
200 million jobs lost between 2007 and 2009

6. The Economic Crisis and Development

7. Continued Environmental Neglect
 Global economic
growth in past 50
years accompanied
by accelerated
environmental
decline
 1981 – 2005: global
GDP more than
doubled, but 60% of
world’s ecosystems
degraded/exploited
unsustainably

8. Opportunity as
governments
jump start
economies
Opportunity Amidst Crisis
Potential for substantial
investments in a green
economy

9. Rethinking the Economic Recovery:
A global Green New Deal
From : Edward B. Barbier,
“A Global Green New Deal”,
UNEP, Feb 2009

10. Global Green New Deal Rationale
 Fiscal stimulus agreed as the way forward, but
how sustainable is the recovery ?
 “Green Investment” beats a “Shopping Spree”
 “Win-Win-Win” solutions exist : Decent Jobs,
Lower Risks, Higher Returns
 Globalization is a fact : success lies in globally
coordinated action ..
 “A crisis is a terrible thing to waste” : Seeding the
“Green Economy”

11. Opportunity as Governments Jump Start
Economies: Green stimulus packages
Country Stimul
us
USbn
Stimulus
as % of
GDP/GNI
Green
Fund
Usbn
% of
Green
stimulus
Green
stimulus
as % of
GDP
Australia 26.7 2.49 2.5 9% 0.2
China 586.1 13.88 221.3 38% 5.2
Japan 485.9 10.03 12.4 3% 0.3
Korea, Rep 38.1 4.44 30.7 81% 3.6
France 33.7 1.12 7.1 21% 0.2
Germany 104.8 2.74 13.8 13% 0.4
UK 30.4 1.09 2.1 7% 0.1
US ARRA 787 5.27 94.1 12% 0.6
US EESA 185 1.29 18.2 10% 0.1
Canada 31.8 2.03 2.6 8% 0.2
source: HSCB 2009, CIA factbook

12. Investing in Renewable Energy
Global Green Stimuli Packages Spending in the Energy Sector
Building EE
15%
Grid
21%
Low Carbon Vehicles
4%
Rail
26%
Renewable Power
9%Non-Energy
25%

13. Global Green New Deal Components
 Inernational Policy
Architecture
• International Trade
• International Aid
• Global Carbon Market
• Global Markets for Ecosystems Services
• Development and Transfer of Technology
• GGND International Coordination
 Domestic Policy Initiatives
• Perverse Subsidies
• Incentives & Taxes
• Land Use and Urban Policy
• Integrated Management of Freshwater
• Environmental Legislation
• Monitoring and Accountability
 Fiscal Stimulus
in 2009-2010
• Energy Efficient Buildings
• Sustainable Transport
• Sustainable Energy
• Agriculture and
Freshwater

14. • What is the potential for environmental
industries to become drivers of future
economic growth?
• What financial, policy and institutional
barriers currently inhibit a shift towards a
green economy?
• What national experiences currently
exist?
Green Economy: Key Questions

15. To achieve significant progress in
addressing global environmental priorities
by the end of 2010 by:
• making a strong & credible
macroeconomic case for massive green
investments worldwide
• offering workable solutions to remove
financial, policy, institutional, & market
constraints on making such investments
The Green Economy Initiative
(GEI)

16. Demonstrating that Greening
is a new engine for growth,
sizing sectoral opportunities,
addressing hurdles &
enabling conditions
Demonstrating the value of
ecosystems & biodiversity,
capturing these values, and
reversing the vicious cycle
of environmental losses and
persistent poverty
Sizing and
incentivizing growth in
green & decent jobs
Green Economy
Report
TEEB
Green Jobs
The Green Economy Initiative: A
family of initiatives…

Evaluating
Ecological
Infrastructure

Evaluating
Biodiversity
Business
GGN
D
investm
ent,
education
&
training,
m
etricsforgreen
em
ploym
entgrow
th
 Decent jobs from Community-
based Conservation, PES/ IPES
implementation,
16

17. 07.09.13 UNEP ETB17
UNDP
UNEP
ILO
Demonstrating that Greening
is a new engine for growth,
sizing sectoral opportunities,
addressing hurdles &
enabling conditions
Demonstrating the value of
ecosystems & biodiversity,
capturing these values, and
reversing the vicious cycle
of environmental losses and
persistent poverty
Sizing and
incentivizing growth in
green & decent jobs
Green Economy
Report
TEEB Green Jobs
ITC
G8+5
Multilateral
Institutions
CountriesRegional
Forums
Business
& Civil Society
Groups
Universities
… under a Wide Global Network
UNSD
UNECE
UNCEB
UNDES
A
UNSCD

18. Green Economy Reports
1. A report on a Global Green New Deal
proposing key elements of a global
policy response to economic crisis
2. An in-depth review of the state and
prospect of key green sectors and
specific policy recommendations

19. Green Jobs
In September 2008, UNEP-
ILO launched a report
showing:
Investments to reduce
climate change and its
effects are generating new
jobs
Next phase: country
studies

20. Green Jobs
“Where capital flows today,
jobs follow tomorrow”
What are the key sectors at
risk ? What are the key
sectors of opportunity ? And
the net change in FTE’s for
each ?
How does ‘greening’ impact
employment ?
“Green Jobs Report”,
September 2008

21. Green Jobs
The Report found that:
 Globally, > 2.3 million
workers employed in
renewables; by 2030, could
be 20 million jobs
 Greening buildings in EU & US
would create 2 million jobs
 In China, 10 million jobs in
the recycling sector

22. Green Jobs
Country
Renewable
Energy
Building
Retrofits
Transport Sust. Agr
Ecological Infrast
Australia 160,000
China 1 million
Colombia 170,000
EU 1 to 2 m 900,000
Nigeria
700,000-
1 m
S. Korea 3.5 m 334,000 350,000
Thailand 182,000
UK 160.000
USA 2 million 367, 000

23. The Economics of Ecosystems and
Biodiversity
(TEEB)
 To motivate actions to
significantly reduce
biodiversity loss by 2010
 Results to feed into Green
Economy Reports

24. TEEB – Interim Report
Three Key Messages
Economic Size
& Welfare
Impact of
Losses is huge
Strong link with
Poverty & risk of
MDG’s failure
Discount rates
are ethical choices

25. Rethink todays
subsidies to meet
tomorrow’s
priorities
Reward unrecognized
benefits, penalize
Uncaptured costs
Share the benefits of
conservation
Measure what
we Manage !
TEEB – Interim Report
“From Economics to Policies”
25

26. TEEB II Deliverables
1. A global valuation study providing
conceptual background for guidance
documents;
2. A guidance report for international and
national policymakers;
3. A guidance report for regional and local
administrators;
4. A guidance report for business and industry;
5. A guidance report for consumers.

27. Making the Economic Case:
The Green Economy Report
The objective of the Green
Economy Report is to make and
communicate a strong and
convincing economic case for
greening economies and creating
decent green jobs by investing in a
new generation of assets (social,
natural, human, and financial).

28. 07.09.13 UNEP ETB28
A “green economy” is not …
‘Ecological Footprint’
already exceeds Earth’s
regenerative capacity…
our demands on the
planet have doubled over
the last 40 years…
Global GHG Emissions at
42 GtCO2e per annum are
5 times higher than the
Earth can absorb …
…One which undermines natural capital..….Or risks human survival ...

29. 07.09.13
UNEP ETB
Enabling
Conditions
- Finance
- Subsidies
- Markets
-
Green Economy Report
…. and its offshoots
GGND :
A
Policy
Brief
Regional /
Country
Reports
Regional /
Country
Reports

30. The UNEP Global Green New Deal
 Following Roosevelt’s strategy in the 30s,
advocacy for a green revolution.
 Initialized in 2008 by the UNEP, the GGND
was a key document of the 2009 G20 in
London.
 « Jump-starting the transition to a green
economy”
 International components : Urgent
reforms to international architecture.

31. The UNEP Global Green New Deal
 National Components : Green priorities for
fiscal spending, and reforms to national
architecture
 Optimizing “quick wins” and “sustainable
returns to investment” objectives in
stimulus packages
 Addressing both Developed World and
Developing World circumstances
 Avoiding past mistakes of capital mis-
allocation.

32. The Green Economy Report,
Overview
 The GER is an in-depth sectoral analysis of the
economic and social potential impact of green
investments resulting from green stimulus
packages.
 Targets: Decision makers, government officials,
business executives, researchers and
representatives of civil society organizations.

33. GER – Operational Framework
Open architecture, end-user targeted, dialogue-based, inclusive…
Policy Context:Policy Context:
Multiple crises
Climate Change
Poverty
Core policy principles underlying
a Green Economy
SustainableSustainable
citiescities
CleanClean
technologytechnology
and materialand material
efficiencyefficiency
BuildingsBuildings
TransportTransport RenewableRenewable
EnergyEnergy
WasteWaste EcosystemsEcosystems
andand
ecologicalecological
infrastructurinfrastructur
ee
WaterWater
ForestForest AgricultureAgriculture EnablingEnabling
ConditionsConditions
(domestic(domestic
and int’l)and int’l)
PolicyPolicy
recom-recom-
mendationsmendations
ImpactImpact
assessmentassessment
Global
Green
New
Deal
Report
Technical Advisory & Coordination Team (TACT)
Project Implementation & Communications Team (PICT)
Note : Each Chapter has a “Writing Team” composed of the chapter authors, contributors and
Other experts and stakeholders from government, international institutions, business and civil society
UNEP Green Economy Team

34. Investing in Green Sectors
 Renewable energy
 Clean tech : materials & energy
efficiency
 Low carbon cities , buildings & transport
 Waste management & mitigation
 Ecological infrastructure
 Biodiversity-based businesses

35. Sustainable Cities
Cities are polluted,
crowded and
complex to
manage.
Delivering the
smart city: The
GER will a
guidance plan for
mayors to improve
sustainability and
growth in cities.

37. Green Buildings
Energy efficient buildings:
Investments in improved
energy efficient buildings = 2-
3.5m jobs in Europe & USA.
 In Australia a proposed US$ 3b
green housing over 4 years is
expected to reduce green
house gas emissions by
3.8mtons/year = 160,000 jobs
In the US it is estimated that
US$ 100b to improve energy
efficiency of building & cities
over 4 years will generate 2m
new jobs.

38. Sustainable Transport
● Shifting 25% of all air
travel in 2050 under
750 km to high speed
rail travel would
result in savings of
around .5 GT of
CO2/year (IEA, ‘08)
● Shifting 25% of all
road freight over 500
km to rail, .4 Gt of
CO2/year could be
saved (IEA, ‘08).

39. Renewable Energy
About 2.3 million jobs in
renewable energy sector
in comparison to 2 m
employed in oil & gas
refining industry in ’99.
Projected investments of
US$ 630b in renewable
energy sector by 2030
would translate into at
least 20 m jobs.

40. Renewable energy: case study
China: RE sector generates
output worth US $ 17 bill &
employs 1 mill.
Nigeria: a biofuels industry
based on casava & sugar can
provide 200,000 jobs
India: 900,00 jobs could be
created in the biomass
gasification by 2025
Bangladesh: At least 20,000
jobs have been created with
the uptake of 3 renewable
energy technologies (PV
solar home systems biogas
facilities, & improved
cooking stoves)

41. Water
●Market for water supply,
sanitation,& water
efficiency estimated at
US$ 253 bn & is
expected to grow to
US$ 658 bn by 2020.
● Estimated Investment
of USD 15 bn per
annum.
● This could generate
USD 38 billion (with 15
bn in sub-Saharan
Africa).

42. Sustainable Agriculture
 Organic agriculture sustains
health of soils, ecosystems &
people
 Provides more than 30%
more jobs/ha than non-
organic
China has increased its
allocation of land for organic
prod from 300,000 ha in ‘05
to 3.5 mill ha in ’06
In Ethiopia alone, 6 bn is
being invested in land
management during a period
of 15 years.

43. Forests
Many communities directly
depend for their livelihoods
on non timber forest products.
Sustainable forest
management can:
 create massive employment,
provide for livelihoods,
 make a significant contribution
to the fight against climate
change,
 combat desertification and
land degradation.

44. Engaging Global Policy Processes
Green economy presence at strategic policy junctures:
 Sessions of the Commission on Sustainable Development
 UN Conference on the World Financial and Economic and its
Impact on Development in New York (June 2009)
 G8 Summit 2009 in Italy (July 2009)
 ECOSOC Substantive Session in Geneva (July 2009)
 World Climate Conference 3 in Geneva (August-September 2009)
 Global Renewable Energy Forum in Mexico (October 2009)
 UNEP Finance Initiative 2009 Global Roundtable in Cape Town
(October 2009)
 UNFCCC COP 15 and Kyoto Protocol MOP 5in Copenhagen
(December 2009)
 International Association for Impact Assessment 2010 meeting
in Geneva (April 2010) among other targeted events. Ect…

45. Fostering a Global Consensus on
Green Economy
 Engaging governments on an global
policy document on Green Economy,
modelled on the “IPCC Synthesis
Report”
 Objective of adoption of the policy
document at the UNEP Governing
Council/Global Ministerial Environment
Forum in 2011

46. Supporting Regional Initiatives on
Green Economy
 Regional initiative for “East Asia Low
Carbon Green Growth”
 Regional initiative on Green Economy in
West Asia, in collaboration with UNEP
ROWA
 Regional Imitative on Green Economy in
Africa, in collaboration with UNEP ROWA

47. Country Technical Assistance and
Advisory Services
 Korea: UNEP is organizing an
independent review of “Korea Green
Growth National Vision”.
 China: UNEP has received a proposal
from the Government to support policy
research that would feed into China’s
national five-year plan.
 Uruguay: The Government has
requested UNEP support in undertaking
a green economy initiative.

48. Two “Green Economy” leaders ….
Mexico
 “Green Fund”
 combined gov’t/biz vision
and implementation
 cogeneration
 will announce goals for
2012. Going for
 stats and research-backed
policy change…
 they have own ‘Stern
Review’ (3x cheaper now
vs later)…
 “Green Agenda” as
growth driver…
 Korea
 President’s “Green
Growth National Vision”
of August ‘08
 Jan’09 “Green New Deal”
 Significant “Green”
components of Fiscal
Stimulus Package..
 …..700,000 of 1 mio new
jobs
 …..$ 28 billion / $ 36
billion total
 Cleaning 4 main rivers,
Reforestation,
Renewables, Buildings…
07.09.13 UNEP ETB48

49. 07.09.13 UNEP ETB49
A new Engine for the Economy ?

50. UNEP Green Economy Website
http://www.unep.org/greeneconomy/
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