Human Dawn Chap 1

Theory of Evolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Darwin’s Argument for the Evolution of Species ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Darwin’s Argument for the Evolution of Species ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is a species? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Are these animals from the same species?

So why aren’t horses and donkeys part of the same species? Because mules are not fertile!

How did the giraffe get such a long neck?

Lamark’s Answer: they stretched their necks to reach food: inheritance of acquired characteristics

Darwin’s Answer: giraffes with mutation for longer necks were able to reach food—>survived in greater numbers—>lived to reproduce and pass along their long-necked gene

Did Humans Evolve? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is the subject and the source for the picture on p. 8-9? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What are the Laetoli footprints? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Where were the footprints found? ,[object Object]

What do they show us about our earliest ancestors? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Who directed the team that found them? When? Where? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why are teeth so commonly found among fossils? Why are they so important to archaeologists? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

By the way, what is a fossil? ,[object Object]

Why are early human fossils rarer and more precious than diamonds? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How are fossils made? ,[object Object]

What is the name of the species that made the Laetoli footprints? ,[object Object]

When were the fossils originally made? How? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What are three anatomical differences between apes and humans that make it possible for humans to walk upright? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why is the artist's picture on p. 16 controversial? ,[object Object],[object Object]

What is a hominid? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Why was bi-pedalism such a significant change in human history? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What are the three most significant unique human characteristics? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why did scientists used to think that larger brains were the first uniquely human characteristic? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Which of these three differences do scientists today believe emerged first? ,[object Object],[object Object]

What does the Latin term "Homo sapiens" mean? Who does it describe? ,[object Object],[object Object]

How large is the average adult brain? [No jokes, please!] ,[object Object]

How large were the brains of Australopithecus afaransis? ,[object Object]

What is the difference between tool using and tool making? What does either indicate about intelligence? ,[object Object],[object Object]

How long ago did the chimp line of evolution split from the human line? What is the evidence for this? ,[object Object],[object Object]

What is the "foramen magnum"? How does it differ in humans and apes? ,[object Object],[object Object]

What significance did this difference have for the direction of human evolution? ,[object Object]

What percentage our DNA do humans share with chimps? ,[object Object]

Why did upright posture have to precede the evolution of upright brains? ,[object Object],[object Object]

What was the most significant environmental change around 10-15 million years ago that favored apes with upright posture over more traditional apes? How did it do this "favoring" ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is the "key process" that drives evolution forward? ,[object Object],[object Object]

What survival advantages did a more upright posture give those apes who had it? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Are there other candidates for the title of "our earliest human ancestor"? Why don't we know for certain who the earliest actually is? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Why is the Great Rift Valley in East Africa such a great place to explore for early human fossils? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Name four of the best-known paleoanthropologists in the 20th century? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Four Great Paleoanthropologists

What was the main staple of the Australopithecus diet? ,[object Object],[object Object]

What was the probable key to the survival of Australopithecus against powerful, hungry predators? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Who is "Lucy"? Why is she such a significant archaeological find? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Why is the controversy about the fossilized bones of the "first family"? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How does Lucy's lower jawbone (mandible) show she is an evolutionary midpoint between the other apes and modern Homo sapiens? ,[object Object],[object Object]

Human Dawn Chap 1

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Human Dawn Chap 1