7. The muscular system is the largest system in the body.
Muscles are located in practically every region of the body.
The muscular system is made up of tissues that work with the
skeletal system to control movement of the body.
Muscles function is to produce force and cause motion.
Muscles can cause either locomotion of the organism itself or
movement of internal organs.
There are three distinct types of muscles:
skeletal muscles, cardiac or heart muscles, and smooth muscles.
Muscles provide strength,
balance posture ,
movement and
heat for the body to keep warm.
There are approximately 639 skeletal muscles .
12. T h e S k e le t a l S y s t e m
The human skeleton consists of both fused and
individual bones supported and supplemented by
ligaments, tendons, muscles and cartilage.
An average adult skeleton consists of 208 bones.
There are five general
classifications of bones, These are
Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones,
and Sesamoid bones.
Function: The Skeletal System serves many important
functions; it provides the shape and form for our bodies
in addition to supporting, protecting, allowing bodily
movement, producing blood for the body, and storing
minerals.
14. Symptoms of Skeletal System
Pain in joint
Swelling of joints
Redness at joint
Morning stiffness
Rubbing sounds in joints
Low joint activity
Pain in long bones
17. The nervous system
is a network of specialized cells that communicate information about an
organism's surroundings and itself.
The nervous system is divided broadly into two categories:
the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system.
Neurons generate and conduct impulses between and within
the two systems.
The peripheral nervous system is composed of sensory neurons and the
neurons that connect them to the nerve cord, spinal cord and brain, which
make up the central nervous system.
In response to stimuli, sensory neurons generate and propagate signals to
the central nervous system which then processes and conducts signals back
to the muscles and glands.
The neuron is the functional unit of the nervous system.
H u m a n s h a v e a b o u t 10 0
b illio n n e u r o n s in t h e ir b r a in
a lo n e !
22. The endocrine system
is made up of a group of glands that produce the body's long-
distance messengers, or hormones.
The endocrine system is an information signal system much like the
nervous system. However, the nervous system uses nerves to
conduct information, whereas the endocrine system mainly uses
blood vessels as information channels.
The major human endocrine glands include hypothalamus and
pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads or
sex organs, pineal gland.
Functions: The endocrine system is instrumental in regulating
mood, growth and development, tissue function, and
metabolism, as well as sexual function and reproductive
processes.
24. Symptoms of Endocrine Disorders
Shortness of height
Bone pain
Hyper pigmentation
Upper body obesity
Dry skin
Sudden loss of hairs
Excessive eating
Excessive thirst
Excessive urination
27. The Cardiovascular System
is an organ system that passes nutrients (such as amino acids and
electrolytes), gases, hormones, blood cells, nitrogen waste products, etc. to
and from cells in the body to help fight diseases and help stabilize body
temperature and pH to maintain homeostasis.
This system may be seen strictly as a blood
distribution network, but some consider the circulatory system as composed of
the cardiovascular system, which distributes blood, and the lymphatic system,
which distributes lymph.
On average, your body has about 5 liters of blood continually traveling through
it by way of the circulatory system.
The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work
together to form the circle part of the circulatory system.
The pumping of the heart forces the blood
on its journey.
Two types of fluids move through the circulatory system: blood and lymph.
The blood, heart, and blood vessels form the cardiovascular
system. The lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph
vessels form the lymphatic system. The
cardiovascular system and the lymphatic system collectively make up the
circulatory system.
The circulatory system is divided into three major parts:
heart, blood and blood vessels.
32. A r e s p ir a t o r y
s ys te m 's
function is to allow gas exchange.
The anatomical features of the respiratory system
include airways, lungs, and the respiratory muscles.
Molecules of
oxygen and carbon dioxide are passively
exchanged, by diffusion, between the gaseous
external environment and the blood.
This exchange process
occurs in the alveolar region of the lungs.
34. Symptoms of Respirator y
disor der s
Sneezing
Watery discharge
through nose
Coughing
Fullness of breath
Sputum
Blood in sputum
Chest pain
Wheezing sounds of
breathing
37. The digestive system
is one of the most complex systems of the body.
The digestive system is made up of organs that break down food into
vitamins, minerals, protein, carbohydrates, and fats, which the body needs for
energy, growth, and repair.
The main organs of the digestive system are mouth, esophagus, stomach, small
and large intestines, anus, appendix. Accessory organs to the alimentary canal
include the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.
Digestion involves mixing food with digestive juices, moving it through the
digestive tract, and breaking down large molecules of food into smaller molecules.
Digestion begins in the mouth, when you chew and swallow, and is completed in
the small intestine.
In human body, food enters the mouth, being chewed by teeth, and broken down
by the saliva from the salivary glands. Then it travels down the esophagus into the
stomach, where acid begins physical break down of some food, and chemical
alteration of some. The "leftovers" go through the small intestine, through the
large intestine, and are excreted during defecation.
42. The urinary system
is the organ system that produces, stores, and eliminates urine.
In humans it includes two
kidneys, two ureters, the bladder, the urethra, and the penis in males.
After your body has taken what it needs from the food, waste products are left
behind in the blood and in the bowel. The urinary system works with the lungs,
skin, and intestines -all of which also excrete wastes- to keep the chemicals and
water in your body balanced.
Adults eliminate about a quart and a half of urine each day.
The amount depends on many factors, especially the amounts of fluid and
food a person consumes and how much fluid is lost through sweat and
breathing. Certain types of medications can also affect the amount of urine
eliminated.
The urinary system removes a type of waste called urea from your blood.
Urea is produced when foods containing protein, such as meat, poultry, and
certain vegetables, are broken down in the body.
Urea is carried in the bloodstream to the kidneys.
44. Symptoms of
Renal disor der s
B u r n in g
m ic t u r a t io n
P a in in
a bdome n
M ig r a t in g
s t r o n g p a in
S ho rtne s s
o f b re a th
Oe de ma
Los s of
a p p e t it e
47. Th e h u m a n r e p r o d u c t iv e
s ys te m
The main male sex organs are the penis and the testes which produce
semen and sperm,
A female's internal reproductive organs are the vagina, uterus,
fallopian tubes, and ovaries.
Both the male and female reproductive systems play a role in
pregnancy. Problems with these systems can affect fertility and the
ability to have children. There are many such problems in men and
women. Reproductive health problems can also be harmful to overall
health and impair a person's ability to enjoy a sexual relationship.
Your reproductive health is influenced by many factors. These include
your age, lifestyle, habits, genetics, use of medicines and exposure to
chemicals in the environment.
50. SYMPTOMS OF DISORDERS OF
FEMALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
W h it e d is c h a r g e
t h r o u g h v a g in a
S m a ll r e d b u m p s ,
s o r e s o n v a g in a
Va g in a l it c h in g
H e a vy me ns tru a l
f lo w
P a in in a b d o m e n
In f e r t ilit y
51. SYMPTOMS OF DISORDERS
OF MALE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
B u r n in g
m ic t u r a t io n
W h it e
d is c h a r g e w it h
u r in e
Re d bumps ,
s o r e s in p e n ile
a re a
Te s t i c u l a r p a i n
O e de ma on
55. The human eye
is an organ which reacts to light for several purposes.
Before you finish reading this sentence, approximately one hundred
billion (100,000,000,000) operations will have been completed inside your
eyes.
The eye is not properly a sphere, rather it is a fused two-piece unit.
The smaller, less curved unit called the cornea, is linked to the larger unit
called the sclera. The cornea and sclera are connected by a ring called
the limbus. The iris and its black center, the pupil, are seen instead of the
cornea due to the cornea's transparency.
The eye is made up of three coats, enclosing three transparent
structures. The outermost layer is composed of the cornea and sclera.
The middle layer consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris. The
innermost is the retina, which gets its circulation from the vessels of the
choroid as well as the retinal vessels, which can be seen in an
opthalmoscope.
57. SYMPTOMS OF EYE
DISORDERS
E y e p a in
E y e it c h in g
R e d c o lo u r
e ye s
W a t e r in g o f
e ye s
D is c h a r g e
fr o m e ye s
S w e llin g o f
e y e lid s
65. SYMPTOMS OF ENT
DISORDERS
E a r a c he
Ear
d is c h a r g e
Tin it u s
H e a r in g
p r o b le m s
T h r o a t p a in
Hoa rs e ne s s
o f v o ic e
He a da c he
Nas al
d is c h a r g e
