This document provides an overview of advanced broadcast techniques from a presentation by Don Goble. It discusses goals of building common language and teaching new methods. It then covers various cinematography techniques like storytelling, composition, framing, camera angles, zooming, panning, handheld shots, and lighting. It also discusses sound design, microphones, soundbites, natural sound, voiceovers, sound editing, and appropriate use of music. Examples of student video projects are provided to illustrate techniques.
1. Advanced Broadcast
- videography &
sound
Don Goble
Ladue Horton Watkins High School
St. Louis, MO
dgoble@ladueschools.net
@dgoble2001
#JEAai
2. Goals for the SessionGoals for the Session
Build some common language
Teach you new methods or validate what you are
already doing
I’m not a “techie” - know enough to talk the talk
Presentation will be uploaded to my SlideShare
account for review
http://www.slideshare.net/dgoble
3. What is advanced broadcast?What is advanced broadcast?
Prefer the word video over broadcast
Mastery of basics & take on new
techniques
Confident troubleshooters
True storytellers
Mentors & leaders
4. Storytelling - Same subject
QuickTime™ and a
Motion JPEG A decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
BMX biking– basic video producer
7. CompositionComposition
• Rule of Thirds
• Eye Level
• High Angle
• Low Angle
• Oblique/Canted Angle
• Zoom In & Zoom Out
• Pan Left & Pan Right
• Hand Held Shots
• The Bird’s Eye View
8. FramingFraming• Rule of Thirds
• Eyes on Third
• No Head room
• Nose Room
• Shoot to edit protocol - give extra
time
• Always shoot in sequences
• Wide
• Medium
• Tight
9. Eye LevelEye Level
• A fairly neutral shot
• The camera is positioned as though
it is a human actually observing a
scene, so that actors' heads are on
a level with the focus.
• The camera will be placed
approximately five to six feet from
the ground.
10. High AngleHigh Angle
• Not so extreme as a bird's eye view.
The camera is elevated above the
action using a crane to give a
general overview.
• High angles make the object
photographed seem smaller, and
less significant (or scary).
• The object or character often gets
swallowed up by their setting - they
become part of a wider picture.
11. Low AngleLow Angle
• These increase height (useful for short actors
like Tom Cruise) and give a sense of speeded
motion.
• Low angles help give a sense of confusion to
a viewer, of powerlessness within the action
of a scene.
• The background of a low angle shot will tend
to be just sky or ceiling, the lack of detail
about the setting adding to the disorientation
of the viewer.
• The added height of the object may make it
inspire fear and insecurity in the viewer, who
is psychologically dominated by the figure on
the screen.
12. Oblique/Canted AngleOblique/Canted Angle
• Sometimes the camera is tilted (i.e. is not
placed horizontal to floor level), to
suggest imbalance, transition and
instability (any Michael Bay movie).
• This technique is used to suggest
POV=Point-of-View shots (i.e. when the
camera becomes the 'eyes' of one
particular character, seeing what they
see - a hand held camera is often used
for this).
13. Zoom In & Zoom OutZoom In & Zoom Out
• Slowly include a WS slow zoom to
CU and hold the shot.
• And then slowly begin a shot at a
CU and zoom to a WS and hold the
shot.
• Avoid if at all possible! Set your shot
& take your hands off the camera.
14. Pan Left & Pan RightPan Left & Pan Right
• Moving the camera to the left or right
side is called a Pan.
• Can help follow action or show the
landscape of your shot.
• Must be used sparingly and slowly.
• Avoid if at all possible! Set your shot &
take your hands off the camera.
15. Hand Held ShotsHand Held Shots
• The hand-held camera was invented in the
1950s to allow the camera operator to move in
and out of scenes with greater speed.
• It gives a jerky, ragged effect, totally at odds
with the organized smoothness of a dolly shot,
and is favored by filmmakers looking for a gritty
realism (i.e. Scorsese), which involves the
viewer very closely with a scene. Much favored
by the makers of NYPD Blue.
• If possible, ALWAYS use a Tripod when filming.
Shaky shots can be VERY distracting.
16. The Bird’s EyeViewThe Bird’s EyeView
• This shows a scene from directly overhead,
a very unnatural and strange angle.
• Familiar objects viewed from this angle
might seem totally unrecognizable at first
(umbrellas in a crowd, dancers' legs). This
shot does, however, put the audience in a
godlike position, looking down on the
action.
• People can be made to look insignificant,
ant-like, part of a wider scheme of things.
• Hitchcock (and his admirers, like Brian de
Palma) is fond of this style of shot.
17. LightLight
• White Balance - use a sheet of
white paper to help set
• Natural Light
• Florescent Lights
• Light kits
22. Shooting Tips !Shooting Tips !
• Use a tripod
• Use Manual focus on the camera
• Be mindful of your light
• Shoot more footage than you need from as many
angles as possible
• Zoom your feet, not only the lens
Always:
23. Shooting Tips !Shooting Tips !
• Remove hats and glasses (eyes are windows to the
soul)
• Avoid bright backgrounds (windows, whiteboards,
etc.)
• Get a variety of angles (not just eye level)
• Avoid movement (pan & zoom while recording)
• Shoot for sound
Always:
24. More 7 cam angle examples
Example videosExample videos
25. 6 shot video - PSA6 shot video - PSA
Told One Lie, Trust Was Broken
27. Sound DesignSound Design
and Recording for Broadcast Journalism
courtesy of:
Michael Hernandez
Manhattan Beach, CA
Mira Costa High School
cinehead3@gmail.com
@cinehead
29. •On camera mic
•Handheld mic
•Shotgun mic
•Lavalier
•Over-modulation
Basic Audio MistakesBasic Audio Mistakes
30. • Colorful
• Clear
• Concise
Soundbites andSoundbites and
InterviewsInterviews
the three C’s
31. • “tell me about...”
• subjective opinions
• expert opinions
• only this person could say it
• don’t use facts
• “...anything else you would like
to add?”
The three C’sThe three C’s
what you want
32. • rephrase soundbite
• “in a nutshell”
• “rephrase in one sentence...”
• “what are the two most important...”
The three C’sThe three C’s
how to get them
33. NATSNATS
Natural Sound
• show, don’t tell
• say it, show it
• what is it like to be there?
• what does it feel like?
• Doug Legore - all NAT sound storytelling
34. • punctuation
• split sentences into phrases
• good levels
• ducking and keyframing
• split edits
Editing SoundEditing Sound
40. Microphones & RecordingMicrophones & Recording
Classifications
Power Source
Dynamic: does not need batteries.
Tends to be rugged.
Condenser: uses battery to amplify signal.
Higher quality signal.
41. Microphones & RecordingMicrophones & Recording
Classifications
Pickup Pattern
Omni-directional: sensitive to sounds
from all directions.
Picks up sound evenly from
all directions
(omni means "all" or "every")
42. Microphones & RecordingMicrophones & Recording
Classifications Pickup Pattern
Uni-directional: sensitive to sounds
from one direction.
“Cardioid” “Super-cardioid”
Picks up sound predominantly
from one direction.
“Super” very directional and eliminates most sound
from the sides and rear
51. Uses of SoundUses of Sound
Noise: Unwanted or unintentional
sound elements
Noise vs. Sound
Examples: phone ringing, car
alarms, planes flying overhead, hum
from a bad cable, etc.
52. Uses of SoundUses of Sound
Sound: sound elements
intentionally recorded or
included in soundtrack
Noise vs. Sound
Examples:
VO, soundbites,
NATS, etc.
53. Sound RecordingSound Recording
Volume: Loudness.
What you hear through
speakers and headphones.
Adjustable.
Volume vs. Level
Level: Signal strength.
Permanent once recorded.
54. Sound RecordingSound Recording
VU Meter
Measures the level.
Peak levels should not go above 0dB
Shown in decibles (dB) or percentage of modulation (0-100%)