1. Chapter 2.1
The Rise and Expansion of Rome

2. Why is this important to
the history of Rome?

3. MAIN IDEAS
• Government: Early Rome grew from a small
village to a thriving republic on the Italian
peninsula.
• Culture: The Romans eventually built a large
empire that spread their culture to many lands.
• Belief Systems: During the Roman Empire, a
powerful new religion known as Christianity
emerged.

4. I. The Origins of Rome
A. The Geography of Rome
1. Latins, Greeks, Etruscans lived
on Italian peninsula
700–500 B.C.

5. Which of the following did not live on the
Italian peninsula between 700-500 B.C.?
A. Latins
B. Etruscans
C. Mongols
D. Greeks

7. I. The Origins of Rome
2. Latins built Rome among a
group of hills along Tiber River
CH 9#2

8. Rome was built along what river?
A. Euphrates
B. Tigris
C. Nile
D. Tiber

9. I. The Origins of Rome (con’t)
3. Settlement of Rome benefited from
favorable environment:
a. Apennines Mountains protected
region from harsh weather, invaders

10. Apennines Mountains

11. b. cool, rainy winters provided rich farmland
I. The Origins of Rome (con’t)

12. c. Tiber River enabled long-distance trade
I. The Origins of Rome (con’t)

13. What enabled long distance trade?
A. Tiber River
B. Roman Roads
C. Apennines Mountains
D. Marathons

14. I. The Origins of Rome (con’t)
B. A Kingdom Emerges
1. Rome became a
kingdom during
eighth century B.C.;
ruled by kings
2. Many kings were
Etruscans, a powerful
group from northern
Italy

15. 3. Tarquin the
Proud ruled
harshly;
Romans
overthrew
him in 510 B.C.

16. 4. Romans ended
kingship, based
government on
the will of the
people

17. Why did Romans end kingships?
A. They wanted to replace kings with dictators
B. They wanted a government based on the will
of the people
C. They wanted to replace kings with presidents
D. They never got rid of the king

18. II. From Republic to Empire
A. The Roman Republic
1. Romans established
form of government
known as republic

19. a. republic—power rests with citizens who
elect leaders by vote

20. In a republic, where does the power rest?
A. With a president
B. With a dictator
C. With a king
D. With citizens

21. 2. Republic gave average citizens a voice,
free-born males could vote
II. From Republic to Empire (con’t)

22. II. From Republic to Empire (con’t)
3. Romans developed
system of laws to
protect citizen’s basic
rights
a. two consuls served at
head of government;
one-year term limit

23. Roman Senate
b. lawmaking body called Senate acted as
check on consuls’ power
II. From Republic to Empire (con’t)

24. What was not true
of the Roman Senate?
A. They made laws
B. They were the head of government
C. They checked the consuls’ power
D. They were all male citizens

25. II. From Republic to Empire (con’t)
4. Powerful, well-organized army
conquered all of present-day Italy

26. II. From Republic to Empire (con’t)
5. Rome defeated Carthage, North
Africa in Punic Wars (264–146 B.C.)

27. • a. victory gave Romans control over
majority of Mediterranean Sea
II. From Republic to Empire (con’t)

28. What did a victory in the Punic Wars
mean for the Roman Empire?
A. They saved the Italian peninsula from
barbarians
B. They were able to control the straights of
Gibraltar
C. Their Empire spread all they way to Egypt
D. They gained control over the majority of the
Mediterranean Sea

29. II. From Republic to Empire (con’t)
B. Decline of the Republic
1. Expanding republic grew unstable;
class-based civil war broke out

30. 2. Julius Caesar claimed sole power in 45
B.C.; murdered by opponents
3. Caesar's adopted son took power;
claimed title Augustus—divine one
II. From Republic to Empire (con’t)

31. II. From Republic to Empire (con’t)
C. Rome Becomes an Empire
1. Augustus turned Rome into
empire—different groups
ruled by one leader

32. What did Augustus turn Rome into?
A. Kingdom
B. Empire
C. Democracy
D. Republic

33. II. From Republic to Empire (con’t)
2. Augustus was careful and brilliant
emperor—ruler of an empire
a. decades of peace, prosperity
called Pax Romana or “Roman
peace”

34. II. From Republic to Empire (con’t)
3. Augustus died A.D.14; his
policies enabled Rome to
grow powerful
a. 60–100 million people under
Roman rule by second century
b. included Germans, Africans,
Greeks, Jews, Egyptians

35. CH9 #1

36. III. The Rise of Christianity
A. Jesus And His Teachings
1. A new religion known as Christianity
emerged under the Roman Empire

37. III. The Rise of Christianity (con’t)
2. Christianity—religion based on the teachings
of Jesus
a. believe Jesus to be son of God; believe in
one God
b. love friends, enemies; there is an afterlife
in heaven

38. 3. Teachings threatened
Roman, Jewish leaders
power and authority; they
kill Jesus
4. Christians believe Jesus rose
to heaven
III. The Rise of Christianity (con’t)

39. Lesson Summary
• The Romans established an early form of a
republic, in which average citizens had a
strong voice in government.
• Rome eventually became a large empire
that spread its influence to many lands.
• Christianity emerged during the Roman
era and became one of the world’s
influential religions.

40. Why It Matters Now . . .
• Christianity remains one of the most
popular and significant religions today
with some two billion followers
worldwide.

41. According to what we learned, why is it important to
know about the origins of Christianity today?
A. It a significant religion with over two billion
followers worldwide
B. It is one of the biggest reasons for tensions in
the Middle East
C. It is the Majority religion in the Middle East and
the rest of Asia
D. It is a disappearing religion