1. Origins of the Industrial Revolution US Studies

2. What is the Gilded Age? Gilded—a thin covering of gold Industrial Era Civil War—business had to be efficient Started in Great Britain (domestic system—wool) Factories—immigrants & displaced farm workers

3. Tremendous Changes Beginning of IR Most items made by hand 1,000,000 tons of steel/year 61 labor hours to produce one acre of wheat 14,000,000 tons of coal/year 30,000 tons of electrical wire NY City population: 850,000 Result of Industrial Revolution Machines used 25,000,000 tons of steel/year Just over 3 labor hours hours 100,000,000 tons of coal/year 500,000 tons of electrical wire NY City population: 4,000,000

4. Life in 1865 & 1900 1865 No indoor electric lighting Sun was the clock No electrical appliances No refrigeration (ice blocks) Communication—through mail system (pony express) Changes—inventors, patents, & manufacturing (Thomas Edison) 1900 Many new inventions from the Industrial Age that made life easier: Indoor electric lighting Electrical appliances (including refrigerators) Telephones & telegraphs Railroads (towns; transcontinental; time zones)

5. Our focus: Workers

6. Coal Mining

7. Workers

8. Going to Work

9. Breaker Boys

10. Child Labor Many saw this as shameful 1880: 1,118,000 kids under 16 worked in the US That’s 1 out of every 6 kids!

11. Accidents

12. Mining Towns

13. Town Cave-In

14. Inside a Factory

15. Pullman Factory

16. Cigar Rollers

17. Unsafe?

18. Triangle Shirt Factory Fire

19. The Factory

20. Aftermath

21. Aftermath

22. Aftermath

23. Aftermath

24. Fire Escape

25. Coxey’s Army

26. Response to 1892 Panic Winter 1892-3: 18% unemployment Unemployed led by Jacob Coxey (Ohio) to DC One group commandeered a train & fought off Federal Marshalls Marched Penn. Ave. to Capital & demanded relief (government jobs & cash) Coxey arrested as he gave his speech 1944: invited back to finish

27. Living Conditions

28. One Room

29. Crowded Conditions

30. Back Alley

31. Exterior

32. Row Houses

33. Nicer Row Houses

34. Famous Row Houses

35. Carnegie Mansion, NYC