Heroku Postgres SQL Tips, Tricks, Hacks

Heroku Postgres
SQL Tips, Tricks, Hacks

Craig Kerstiens, Heroku, Growth Hacker
@craigkerstiens

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Craig Kerstiens
Growth Hacker
@craigkerstiens

Why Postgres
“ its the emacs of
databases”

Datatypes
date UUID
timestamptz boolean
array bigint interval
integer
smallint line XML enum
money char
serial bytea point float
inet polygon numeric circle
cidr varchar tsquery timetz
path time text
macaddr timestamp box
tsvector
Datatypes | Custom Languages | Extensions | NoSQL | Window Functions |

Datatypes
CREATE TABLE purchases ( id integer NOT NULL, user_id integer,
items[x][0] = item_iditems [x][1
items [x][2] = price


Datatypes
INSERT INTO purchases 25.0}, {15.0, 1.0, 25.0}}', now());
VALUES (1, 37, '{{15.0, 1.0,
INSERT INTO purchases 4.99}}', now());
VALUES (2, 2, '{{11.0, 1.0,


Languages
python ruby
j lolcode
pgsql V8 R
lua scheme psm
tcl SQL Java
sh javascript
php

Languages
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION total(decimal(10,2)[][]) RETURNS
decimal(10,2) AS $$DECLARE s decimal(10,2) := 0; x decimal[];BEGIN
FOREACH x SLICE 1 IN ARRAY $1 LOOP s := s + (x[2] * x[3]); END LOOP;
RETURN s;END;$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;


Languages
FOREACH x SLICE 1 IN ARRAY $1 LOOP s := s +


Extensions
dblink hstore trigram
uuid-ossp pgstattuple
citext pgrowlocks
pgcrypto
isn ltree fuzzystrmatch
cube earthdistancedict_int
tablefunc
unaccent btree_gist dict_xsyn

Extensions
CREATE EXTENSION hstore;
CREATE TABLE users ( id integer NOT NULL, first_name
character varying(50), last_name character varying(50), email
character varying(255), data hstore, created_at timestamp without
time zone, last_login timestamp without time zone);


Window Functions
Example:
Biggest spender by
state


Window Functions
SELECT
email,
users.data->'state',
sum(total(items)),
rank() OVER
(PARTITION BY users.data->'state'
ORDER BY sum(total(items)) desc)
FROM
users, purchases
WHERE purchases.user_id = users.id
GROUP BY 1, 2;

Foreign Data Wrappers
oracle mysql odbc
twitter sybaseredis jdbc
files couch s3
www ldap
database.com
informix

Foreign Data Wrappers
CREATE EXTENSION redis_fdw;

CREATE SERVER redis_server FOREIGN DATA WRAPPER redis_fdw
OPTIONS (address '127.0.0.1', port '6379');CREATE FOREIGN TABLE
redis_db0 (key text, value text) SERVER redis_server OPTIONS (database
'0');CREATE USER MAPPING FOR PUBLIC SERVER redis_server
OPTIONS (password 'secret');


Etc.
CREATE INDEX
Doesn’t lock tab
CONCURRENTLY;


Etc.
CREATE INDEX
Indexes only on
CONCURRENTLY; condition
CREATE INDEX ON foo
WHERE x=y;


Etc.
CREATE INDEX
CONCURRENTLY; Pub sub in Postg
CREATE INDEX ON foo
WHERE x=y;
Listen/Notify


Why Postgres
Open Community
Broad feature set
(datatypes, extensions, functions, foreign data
wrappers, etc)

Reliability

Heroku Postgres SQL Tips, Tricks, Hacks

Heroku Postgres SQL Tips, Tricks, Hacks

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