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Global warming
Topic
 What Is Global Warming

   How Global Warming Occurs

   Effects Of Global Warming

   How To Prevent It
Global warming
History Of Earth’s Climate
 Earth formed ~4.6 billion years ago


 Originally very hot


 Sun’s energy output only 70% of present


 Liquid water present ~4.3 billion years
Continued…
 Life appeared ~3.8 billion years ago

 Photosynthesis began 3.5-2.5 billion years ago
    Produced oxygen and removed carbon dioxide and
     methane (greenhouse gases)
    Earth went through periods of cooling (“Snowball
     Earth”) and warming
What Is GLOBAL WARMING?
 Global warming is the
  rise in the average temperature
  of Earth's atmosphere and
  oceans since the late 19th
  century and its projected
  continuation.
Continued…
 Since the early 20th century,
 Earth's mean surface temperature
 has increased by about 0.8 °C
 (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds
 of the increase occurring since
 1980.
Global warming
Green House Effect
 The greenhouse effect is the process by
 which absorption and emission of infrared radiation
 by gases In the atmosphere warm a planet's lower
 atmosphere and surface.
Global warming
Global warming
Global warming
Global warming
Global warming
Effects on Wetlands and Forests
 Over the last 5 decades,
 in areas of the Kenai NWR:
   Open areas decreased by   34%

   Wet areas decreased by
                                    USFWS photo
      88%
 Water and lakes decreased by
 14%




                                    USFWS photo courtesy Ed
                                    Berg
% Decrease in    % Decrease in Area
   Study Area        Number of Ponds       of Ponds

Copper River Basin        54 %                28 %
Minto Flats SGR           36 %                25 %
Innoko Flats NWR          30 %                31 %
Yukon Flats NWR           10 %                18 %
Ocean Acidification
  “The surface ocean currently absorbs about one-fourth of the
    CO2 emitted to the atmosphere from human activities.”
                                                    Monaco Declaration
                                                   2008
                                                   Remains in the
                                                   atmosphere
                                                   (greenhouse gas)
                    Dissolves in
                    sea water

CO2 + H20       HCO3- + H+
                       (ACID)                          CO2
                 Water becomes
                                                CO2
                  more acidic.
   The ozone layer protects the Earth from the
    ultraviolet rays sent down by the sun. If the ozone
    layer is depleted by human action, the effects on the
    planet could be catastrophic.
 Deaths from global warming will double in just
  25 years, to 300,000 people a year.
 Heat waves will be more frequent and intense.
 Droughts and wildfires will occur more often.
 The Arctic Ocean could be ice free by 2050.
MELTING OF ICE IN ICE-LANDS
 Two main factors contributed to observed sea level
  rise.
 The first is thermal expansion: as ocean water
  warms, it expands.
 The second is from the contribution of land-based ice
  due to increased melting. The major store of water on
  land is found in glaciers and ice sheets.
SOME MESUREMENT OF OCEAN
LEVEL
 Between 1870 and 2004, global average sea levels rose
  195 mm .
 From 1950 to 2009, measurements show an average
  annual rise in sea level of 1.7 ± 0.3 mm per year, with
  satellite data showing a rise of 3.3 ± 0.4 mm per year
  from 1993 to 2009
Which type of arctic & aquatic
animal can affected due to global
warming
Process of global warming on
aquatic animal
 Because of global warming the temperature increases.
 It passes heat to ocean.
 Then the water becomes less dense due to heat.
 Less dense water separates from a nutrient-filled cold
  layer below.
 Then the food chain of all animal broke or
 Change natural habitats and food supply
Global warming
Global warming
Global warming
Reduce our consumption of fossil fuels
Because greenhouse gas emissions are tied very closely to our energy
consumption, using less fossil fuel based energy puts fewer
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

                                      Mountaintop removal for
This will help slow global warming.
                                      coal mining near
                                      Rawl, West Virginia.


                                      50% of electricity in the
                                      United States is produced
                                      from coal.
We can make some simple substitutions

Replacing just 1 incandescent light bulb with 1 compact
florescent bulb saves about 150 pounds of carbon
dioxide per year!




If every American household replaced just 5 high-use
incandescent bulbs with compact florescent lights we'd
collectively save more than $8 billion each year in energy costs
and we would prevent the greenhouse gases equivalent to the
emissions from nearly 10 million cars.
What We Can Do

 Use Wind Energy

 Reduce CO2 Emission
 Action is essential at
  every level
      Individual
      International
 Plant & Save trees


 Recycle the product
   Useless usage of AC's and
    Refrigerators should be stopped
    because from them harmful rays cfc's
    are emitted which results in
    depletion of ozone layer and from
    that hole UV rays of Sun comes to the
    earth and cause many diseases to
    both animals and plants i.e. Skin
    cancer etc.
 We have Collected all information from following
  links:
 www.stopglobalwarming.org
 www.climatehotmap.org
 www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/default.asp
Global warming

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Global warming

  • 2. Topic  What Is Global Warming  How Global Warming Occurs  Effects Of Global Warming  How To Prevent It
  • 4. History Of Earth’s Climate  Earth formed ~4.6 billion years ago  Originally very hot  Sun’s energy output only 70% of present  Liquid water present ~4.3 billion years
  • 5. Continued…  Life appeared ~3.8 billion years ago  Photosynthesis began 3.5-2.5 billion years ago  Produced oxygen and removed carbon dioxide and methane (greenhouse gases)  Earth went through periods of cooling (“Snowball Earth”) and warming
  • 6. What Is GLOBAL WARMING?  Global warming is the rise in the average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the late 19th century and its projected continuation.
  • 7. Continued…  Since the early 20th century, Earth's mean surface temperature has increased by about 0.8 °C (1.4 °F), with about two-thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.
  • 9. Green House Effect  The greenhouse effect is the process by which absorption and emission of infrared radiation by gases In the atmosphere warm a planet's lower atmosphere and surface.
  • 15. Effects on Wetlands and Forests  Over the last 5 decades, in areas of the Kenai NWR:  Open areas decreased by 34%  Wet areas decreased by USFWS photo 88%  Water and lakes decreased by  14% USFWS photo courtesy Ed Berg
  • 16. % Decrease in % Decrease in Area Study Area Number of Ponds of Ponds Copper River Basin 54 % 28 % Minto Flats SGR 36 % 25 % Innoko Flats NWR 30 % 31 % Yukon Flats NWR 10 % 18 %
  • 17. Ocean Acidification “The surface ocean currently absorbs about one-fourth of the CO2 emitted to the atmosphere from human activities.” Monaco Declaration 2008 Remains in the atmosphere (greenhouse gas) Dissolves in sea water CO2 + H20 HCO3- + H+ (ACID) CO2 Water becomes CO2 more acidic.
  • 18. The ozone layer protects the Earth from the ultraviolet rays sent down by the sun. If the ozone layer is depleted by human action, the effects on the planet could be catastrophic.
  • 19.  Deaths from global warming will double in just 25 years, to 300,000 people a year.  Heat waves will be more frequent and intense.  Droughts and wildfires will occur more often.  The Arctic Ocean could be ice free by 2050.
  • 20. MELTING OF ICE IN ICE-LANDS  Two main factors contributed to observed sea level rise.  The first is thermal expansion: as ocean water warms, it expands.  The second is from the contribution of land-based ice due to increased melting. The major store of water on land is found in glaciers and ice sheets.
  • 21. SOME MESUREMENT OF OCEAN LEVEL  Between 1870 and 2004, global average sea levels rose 195 mm .  From 1950 to 2009, measurements show an average annual rise in sea level of 1.7 ± 0.3 mm per year, with satellite data showing a rise of 3.3 ± 0.4 mm per year from 1993 to 2009
  • 22. Which type of arctic & aquatic animal can affected due to global warming
  • 23. Process of global warming on aquatic animal  Because of global warming the temperature increases.  It passes heat to ocean.  Then the water becomes less dense due to heat.  Less dense water separates from a nutrient-filled cold layer below.  Then the food chain of all animal broke or  Change natural habitats and food supply
  • 27. Reduce our consumption of fossil fuels Because greenhouse gas emissions are tied very closely to our energy consumption, using less fossil fuel based energy puts fewer greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Mountaintop removal for This will help slow global warming. coal mining near Rawl, West Virginia. 50% of electricity in the United States is produced from coal.
  • 28. We can make some simple substitutions Replacing just 1 incandescent light bulb with 1 compact florescent bulb saves about 150 pounds of carbon dioxide per year! If every American household replaced just 5 high-use incandescent bulbs with compact florescent lights we'd collectively save more than $8 billion each year in energy costs and we would prevent the greenhouse gases equivalent to the emissions from nearly 10 million cars.
  • 29. What We Can Do  Use Wind Energy  Reduce CO2 Emission  Action is essential at every level  Individual  International  Plant & Save trees  Recycle the product
  • 30. Useless usage of AC's and Refrigerators should be stopped because from them harmful rays cfc's are emitted which results in depletion of ozone layer and from that hole UV rays of Sun comes to the earth and cause many diseases to both animals and plants i.e. Skin cancer etc.
  • 31.  We have Collected all information from following links:  www.stopglobalwarming.org  www.climatehotmap.org  www.nrdc.org/globalWarming/default.asp